MESARO ANGHEL VASILE

APOSTLES OF ZIONISM
Moments of Zionism (I) -Documentary Essay-

to my mother,
Thaci Raisa Gherschovici

AMV Dessign / April 2011

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SUMMARY:
APOSTLES OF ZIONISM..........................................................................................................................................2 PRECURSORS OF ZIONIST MOVEMENT..............................................................................................................4 SEPHARDIM RABBI YEHUDA SOLOMON ALKALAY...................................................................................4 ASHKENAZI RABBI ZVI HIRSCH KALISCHER ..............................................................................................5 AUTHOR NOTES ON MOMENTS OF ZIONISM (I)...........................................................................................6 VIDEO BIBLIOGRAPHY:......................................................................................................................................7 ABOUT AUTHOR ....................................................................................................................................................8

APOSTLES OF ZIONISM
Zionism = National Movement of the Jews for Return in Country of Zion The Holly
Land (or The Promise Land) and the formation of Eretz Israel State (not necessarily a definition). Development Zionist movements in European countries and the U.S. (mid. XIX XX centuries) becomes the engine and sponsor (through organizations Joint type) of various stages of Jewish Return, in a land barren and then hostile; social phenomenon is called generic: ALYA. National consciousness develops in jewish communities in Europe based on two social vectors: Simultaneous event in communities in Europe, two contradictory states of mind: Integration into the daily lives of the majority population of Jews (and in some cases, the assimilation through mixed marriages). Resistance and organizing against the anti-Semitism and intolerance of other ethnic populations in the majority.
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How this sequence have different times in different European countries, including the Russian Empire, hebrew communities were in a continuous search for solutions. Formation of national consciousness. The join around Jewish Rabbi, as exponents of the Mosaic Faith Leaders and willingness to organize Return of Jews in 'The Promised Land; to rebuild his country: Eretz Israel. That although many times there were open conflicts between the rabbi. Although many families of Hebrew in the middle class realized why go in the wilderness when going very well where they lived, with the majority population. Therefore the first who left were poor people - schnorers1. A large number of immigrants took to the road to America, beginning XIX century (where, no more than 70 years and will come before the main financial support of the Jewish Joint). Another initiative was jew baron Moritz de Hirsh (finance, among others the construction of railways in the Balkans and East) send to 7000 Russian Hebrew poverty in Argentina. Jew baron Edmond de Rotchschild funds directly (1870-1910) the creation of compact settlements in Palestine ... Individual events and punctual. It was to be like, before Messaiah (God sent) waiting at a handful of Hebrew, the rabbis, bankers, men of culture, etc. from all jewish communities in Europe and Russia, in social conditions very different; but united by the belief that Return is the only way to true peace and dignity for Hebrew people. It confirmed by the harbinger of countless pogroms neighborhoods of big cities olso in small urban settlements at the end of XIX and early XX centuries, the tragical Schoah of the Jews in European fascism and communism, in the XX century. Is unpleasant, but correctly noted that this process was not ongoing idyllic. The five social vectors: The Councils of Rabbis the Traditionalists2 and Hassidics3 are in a continuous war of deaf and leading jewish communities. Considered class great bankers of Europe, accustomed to generous gestures singular, too full of them to mix with the herd - is famous that say Rotchschild bankers to Zionist leader Theodor Herzl: 'What do you think that, with 100,000 schnorers (poor) to rebuild the Country of Israel ?!', Middle class swing between satisfaction and empowerment recent idea of financial support and participation - especially the Hebrew of these young families - to build economic infrastructure to the future new Hebrew State.
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Term designating those poor, are at the threshold of subsistence. At that time there were millions of Hebrew in Europe and Russia in that social state. 2 Traditional Rabbi strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law as interpreted by the Medieval commentators and codified in the Shulhan Arukh and Mapah. 3 Hasidic Rebbe made the teachings, interpretations of Judaism wich includes the charismatic folk religious elements of Hasidism, but mainly describes its structured thought, expressed in its range from Judaic theology. A hasidic rebbe is generally understood to be an exceptionally righteous person (called a "tzaddik" - is a title which is generally given to those who are considered to be righteous such as a spiritual master 3

 Poor People ordinary people who lived, side by side with the majority poor population, but having a higher education of community life and practice of mosaic faith for thousands of years) - They will be mobilize by Theodor Herzl, (after him being rejected by bankers Hirsch and Rotchschild) They constitute a majority in the firsts ALYA. Zionists heterogeneous group as social class of origin and countries of origin, gathered around the idea of achieving the Jew - Eretz Israel during 1840 - 1897 which will be the rule of law and fact in the Basel Congress in 1897. Had many moments in which their opinions and attitudes were different. Unity of purpose and location made the miracle latter exodus Hebrew people in the establishment of the State of Hebrew (1948). The road was opened by two Rabbi: Yehuda Solomon Alcalay, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer.

PRECURSORS OF ZIONIST MOVEMENT

SEPHARDIM RABBI YEHUDA SOLOMON ALKALAY
Sephardim1 Rabbi Yehuda Solomon Alkalay (Alkalay Shlomo Ben Yehudah, Judah Alkalay) (1798-1878). He was born in Sarajevo (Bosnia). After a period of study in Jerusalem (where become advocates of teaching Kabbala) is return in Serbia, where leads a small sephard community Semlim (Zemun) near Belgrade (1825). Under the influence of origin nationalist movements in the Balkans and Europe (which will culminate with the 1948 revolutions across the continent), but also in consonance with the desire to reform life, which are generated in the sec. XVIII Hassidic spiritual movement initiated by Yisroel (Israel) ben Eliezer, called the Baal Shem Tov (Besht - Shin Bet Ayin Tes) (1698 -1760) and Dov Ber of Mezritsh (1704-1772); Alkalay of work in 1834, 'Shema Yisrael ' ('Listen to the people of Israel ') starts from the idea that it is not enough to pray and deplores the Jew life in Galut (exile) to God by asking for expressions Force Him to be displaced again in 'the Holy Land' (something commonly practiced in the synagogues of the Diaspora jewish communities and in Jerusalem, where he preached his pending Messaiah to restore them in Hebrew on Israel and release it of Galut). Is not sufficient!. Jews must act and held for real Return as more and their spiritual and real life in their country, in those days called Palestine.
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Sephardic Jews are Jews rite Spanish. They were installed in Spain after having been driven out of Judea: first deportation took place in 70 and after cancellation State Jew by Roman army (134-135). Dispersal area was along the territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea. They were installed in Spain along with installation Arab caliphate (eighth century). Were expelled from Spain in 1492 (Decree of the Alhambra, given by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, at the urging of Jesuit Bishop Francesco de Loyola ) and later from Portugal. They emigrated to North Africa, Italy, the Middle East, the Balkan Peninsula and in southern Romania, then in England, Holland and America (the first community established around Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue the state of Pernambuco - Brazil). They talked Ladino or Judeo-Spanish language (dialect based castilian). 4

 'Then the God will come!' Said Rabbi Alkalay. There he issued the first modern doctrine for the independence of the people of Israel. Master in Kabbala study, he argues that the year 5600 (1840) saw the beginning of Return to make ALYA. In the introduction to a book of Hebrew grammar (Darkhei No'am), in 1839, and 'Shelom Yerushalayim' (1840), he urges people to prepare both spiritual and material resources through the collection - proposes the allocation of each family of Hebrew tenths of an income 'tithe' to support those who want to settle in Jerusalem. Provides also future dangers of living in the Diaspora and future effects of the welfare of the majority population accumulated exponentially because of Hebrew children's early education, a system of socialization and support specific to jewish communities, which the majority population not know to apply and generate forms of early anti-Semitism - which in fact will happen over the next years ... In the same year, 1840 in Damascus, are killed a Hebrew, reason to be killed Christians for ritual manufacture matzot (azyme) for Easter. This was the Franciscan brother Thomas and his greek servant, then disappeared. French consul in Damascus Turkish governor alerts claiming that murder is a ritual practiced by the Hebrew. This starts an investigation, during which a barber Jew recognizes under torture deed. Follow a series of pogroms at the Hebrew settlements in the Middle East.1 That confirms to Alkalay that Jews can be free only in their own motherland and only by their own action taken in a systematic way. A concrete form that Rabbi Alcalay promoted it in its efforts by European capitals was that of gathering funds for the purchase of land in Israel (from the Ottoman Empire) on which to base jews settlements. Idea taken and Theodor Herzl (whose grandfather was friend with Alkalay). In 1874 is established in Palestine to contribute to the settlements of Hebrew. Alkalay died in 1878.

ASHKENAZI RABBI ZVI HIRSCH KALISCHER

In the same period aschenazi2 rabbi in Poland () militate for the same idea: Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer (1795 - 1874), rabbi of the community in Torun. In 1862 he declared that the Return to Zion must begin with the Hebrew people to reinstall concrete, practicing agriculture and self as a means of implantation. He traveled up and across to Germany asking for fund-raising by the Jewish state with settlement projects of jewish families in Palestine, including bankers Berlin branch of the Rothschild family. 1862 paper published in 'Drishat Tziyon veHevrat Erez Noshevet' ( "looking for the
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Funeral of disappeared two Christians are held in their absence bodies ... Ashkenazi Jews having been driven out of Judea: first deportation took place in 70 and after Israel's destruction by Roman army (134-135), have emigrated to western and central Europe, especially in Germanic countries. Since the first centuries of first millennium AD. In the Middle Ages, they migrated to Eastern Europe. Ashkenazi Jews using Yiddish (Germanic idiomatic) and the Hebrew / Aramaic: the practice of religion, speech and rabbinical Everieti more distant relationship with communities. 5

Zion"), a first training manual for modern agricultural settlements in Israel. Both rabbis were aware that community empowerment of the first decade of the XIX century in France , the Habsburg Empire and Germany, by Napoleon I, was not sufficient. It induces a self-middle class and Hebrew magnailor across the everyday life: a mortal danger to induce that state of mind of what a sacrifice was necessary to establish land arid and response to our hospitable local population in Palestine (which and what happened after 1890). Therefore militants for systematic development of national consciousness within the Hebrew community, in close collaboration with Talmudic training and community socialization of the young generation as a first step in the process of Return. Kalisher succeeds in 1864 to establish the Central Committee for setting the region of Israel, in Berlin. Manages to raise awareness Jewess Universal Alliance in support of agricultural settlements in Israel and the first agricultural school: Mikve Yisrael in 1870. He suggests that residents of settlements to combine farming with that of self-defending in local Guard Units to counter attacks robbery against Yishuv (Palestinian Settlements of Jews). Today, a religious kibutz valley Bet Shen have his name.

AUTHOR NOTES ON MOMENTS OF ZIONISM (I)

Both promoters of ALYA encountered resistance from traditionalist rabbi weather but they have their ideas by way of Return those who have followed and developed, theoretically and practically: The Beginning point is the World Zionist Congress in Basel (1897) 1 organized by Theodr Herzl, followed by a pleiad of militants:Judah Leib (Leon) Pinsker, Ber Borochov, Nachman Syrkin, Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky, Asher Ginsberg (Ahad Ha'Am); Rabis Shmuel Mohilever, Naphthali Zvi Yehudah. Chaim Weizmann, who will become in 1948 the first President State of Eretz Israel. And more ... many other anonymous fighters arrived legally or illegally in Eretz Israel. They learned to work the land, to cultivate their traditions and culture, to organize and to defend himself2.

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Video to: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jvc549hFb1E Video to: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJZal1-MGb4 6

VIDEO BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1 Mesaro Anghel Vasile " HEBREW CHRISTIANS FIGHT BEGININGS FOR THE GOSPEL OF JESUS - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JerGTHdcsAc 2 Mesaro Anghel Vasile " ZIONISM APOSTLES - MOMENT OF ZIONISM (I) - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCjWIEsYQ1I Mesaro Anghel Vasile " THE BEGINNING OF HEBREW FIGHT FOR THE RETURN IN ERETZ ISRAEL - MOMENT OF ZIONISM (II)" - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi0jPzA_aFA Mesaro Anghel Vasile "SAN REMO CHART 1920 HOPE MISSED AN SEMITIC ALLIANCE MOMENT OF ZIONISM (III) - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vm8jiRDCBE4 Mesaro Anghel Vasile "HEBREW ORGANIZATION FOR SELF DEFENCE IN PALESTINE (YISHUV) - MOMENTS OF ZIONISM (IV) - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJZal1-MGb4 Mesaro Anghel Vasile " HEBREWS, CHRISTIANS, MUSLIMS IN JERUSALEM COMPENDIUM OF HISTORICAL FACTS - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFvWHuseZ2c Mesaro Anghel Vasile " ANCIENT MOSES SOCIAL LAWS - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEsLBw6mi1c Mesaro Anghel Vasile "ANGELO RONCALLI - POPE JOHN AL XXIII LIFE MOMENTS Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BshDOnkB6wY Mesaro Anghel Vasile "TWO KNIGHTS OF REVELATION TWENTIETH CENTURY: NICOLAE BALAN AND ALEXANDRU SCHAFRAN - Documentary Essay Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghbFMay75KU Mesaros Anghel Vasile Volumul I LUPTA EVREILOR CRETINI PENTRU EVANGHELIA LUI IISUS' / 2011 Adresa Video Text Audio Integral: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkIVOmEJA5g Mesaros Anghel Vasile Volumul II EVREI, CRETINI I MUSULMANI LA IERUSALIM / 2011 Adresa Video Text Audio Integral: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTxIAZh0p0Y Mesaros Anghel Vasile Volumul III EVREI I CRETINI FAPTE / 2011 Adresa Video Text Audio Integral: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4QvaSJAL_Y

God is ONE; mankind made him many: One Mosaic, one Christian, one Muslim.

ABOUT AUTHOR
PROFILE: Name: Vasile Mesaro Anghel Proffesion: IT Trainer Studies: University of Bucharest - Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics (1971) System Analyst Postgraduate - C.E.P.E.C.A. (1975) Work Motivation: Documentation of issues that concerned me in recent years.

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AMV Dessign/2011