Textile Chemicals: Such types of organic or inorganic substances which influence the physical or chemical change of a textile material

are known as Textile chemicals. Before knowing about wet processing technology it is much essential to know about the textile chemicals and their uses. 1. Water (H2O): The material which is mostly used in a textile industry is water.

2. Wetting Agents: The textile chemical which increases the wetting property of textile material or fiber by reducing the surface tension of the liquor of the dye bath is called Wetting Agent. For example; i. Lissapol. ii. Primasol NF. iii. Rucowet VL.

3. Detergents: The chemical substances which removes various impurities such as dirt, dust, oil and other impurities present in the textile material, is called Detergent. For example; i. Lissapol. ii. Soap. iii. Kerolin Jet-B. iv. Washing Detergents.

4. Emulsifiers: The chemical substances which help to mix water and oily chemicals are called Emulsifiers. For example; i. Emulsion. ii. Glycosin.

5. Sizing components: The chemical substances which remove the protruding fibers from the textile materials and increases the strength of the textile material is called sizing chemicals. For example; i. Enzyme.

6. Leveling Agents: The chemical substances which ensures the even dyeing of the fabric throughout the fabric, is called Leveling Agents. For example; i. Lyo-col.

7. Dye Fixing Agents: The chemical substances which help the fixation of dyes on the textile material or the fabric are called Dye Fixing Agents. For example; i. Fixanal. ii. Tartarematic.

8. Carriers: Carriers are one kind of organic compounds or substantive swelling agents which help the 0 swelling of hydrophobic polyester fibers at relatively low temperature such as; 90 C and increases the dye uptake from the dye bath or print paste. After completion of the dyeing the carriers eventually evaporates completely. The carriers are mostly used for disperse dyes. For example; i. Diphenyl. ii. Carrier DCT.

9. Oxidizing Agents: The chemical substances which add oxygen or free hydrogen particles from the textile material are called Oxidizing Agents. For example; i. O3. ii. H2O2.

10. Sodium Alginate: The chemical substance which thickens the dye solution of reactive dyes but does not react with the dyes or use up the dyes is called Alginate or Algin. It comes in a number of variations that have different properties. Such as; i. Low Viscosity Types: Appropriate for reducing migration of wet dye solution. Mainly used for making dye solution for woven continuous dyeing. High Viscosity Types: Appropriate for making printing paste.

ii.

11. Acid: The chemical substance which has the ability to reduce the pH to less than 7 of a solution and ionize in a solution is called Acid. All the acids are represented by HA groups where + H ions combine water molecules to make an ion called Hydronium. There are many types of acid which may vary from stronger to weaker acids. It is necessary to add water while making an acid solution as some acids are extremely volatile. For example; i. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) is a strong Acid. ii. iii. Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) is a weak Acid. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is a strong Acid.

12. Oxidizing Agent: The chemical substance which contain certain atoms that has the ability to extract electron ion from the molecules of other substances is called oxidizing agent. For example; i. Sodium Hypo Chlorate (NaClO). ii. Bromic Acid (HBrO2). iii. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2).

13. Reducing Agent: The chemical substances which contain certain atoms that has the ability to provide electron ion to the molecules of other substances is called reducing agent. It has the ability to reduce other substances chemically and in the process reducing agent itself is oxidized. For example; i. Sodium Hydro Sulfite or Hydroz (Na2S2O4). ii. Rongolite C (Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate). iii. Thiourea Dioxide. iv. Sodium Bisulfite. Properties of Reducing Agent: a. Reducing Agents are often used in discharge and stripping processes. b. Reducing Agents are used for converting insoluble vat and sulfur dyes into soluble form by reduction process. c. Reducing Agent is also used for removing disperse dyes from the surface of cotton fiber of a CVC (Chief Value Cotton) fabric or PC (Polyester-Cotton) fabric. d. Disperse dyes attached to the surface of the cotton fiber may cause wash fastness problems and yet are very difficult to remove by only washing, so reducing agent is used. e. Reduction cleaning process does no harm to the dyes remaining inside the Polyester fiber.

14. Anti-Migrating Agent: The chemical substance which is used in dyes or pigments to prevent the undesired movement or spreading of the wet dye on the fabric surface is called Anti-Migrating Agent. These Anti-Migrating Agents are mostly used in continuous dyeing processes or in printing processes to thicken the dye solution and ensure uniform dyeing throughout the fabric. For example; i. Primasol V. ii. Siligen FA. iii. Sodium Alginate. iv. Thermocol MP. Properties of Anti-Migrating Agents: a. Anti-Migrating Agents are used in continuous dyeing processes or in printing processes as both dye thickener and undesired dye migration preventer. b. Anti-Migrating Agents are mostly used for preventing undesired migration of wet dyes on the surface of the fabric. c. Anti-Migrating Agents are used for preventing uneven shading of dyes across the width of the fabric. d. Anti-Migrating Agents are used in dye pastes of printing pastes so that the printed pattern will retain its sharply defined edges. 15. Binder: The chemical substance which is used for attaching the pigment colour on both side of the fabric surface is called Pigment Binder. For Example; i. Helizarin Binder CFF. ii. ECO Size A. iii. EVO Top U-50. Properties of Binders: a. Binders are normally colourless. b. Binders are mostly in glue form which holds the pigment colour in place. c. Most of the binders used in textile paints are acrylic polymers.