o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

Miscellaneous Exercises (Co-ordinate Geometry)

(Solutions of * marked problems)
2 2 2. Let the end points of a chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax be ( at1 , 2at t1 ) and ( at2 , 2at t2 ) respectively.

Since the length of the chord is c, we have c2 = a 2 t 2 t 2 2 1

+ 4a 2 (t2 t1 )2 = a 2 (t2 t1 )2 [(t2 + t1 )2 + 4] ... (1)

Let the middle point of the chord be ( h , k),

2 2 t1 + t2 e j and k = 2a (t + t ) then h = a
1 2

= a(t1 + t2 )

2 + t 2 = a [(t + t )2 2 t t ] = a or, 2h = a t1 1 2 1 2 2

LM F k I MN H a K

2 t1t2

OP = k2 PQ a

2 at t1t2.

2 \ t1t2 = k h . a 2a2

From (1) we get c2 = a 2 (t2 t1 )2 [(t2 + t1 )2 + 4] = a 2 [(t2 + t1 )2 4 t1 t2 ] [(t2 + t1 )2 + 4]

2 2 = a2 k 4 k h 2 a 2 a2 a

LM MN

FG H

IJ OP LM k2 + 4OP = a2 LM 4h k2 OP LM k2 + 4a2 OP = a2 [4ha k 2][ k2 + 4a2 ] . K PQ N a2 Q N a a2 Q N a2 Q a4

or, (k2 4 ha ) (k2 + 4a 2 ) + a 2 c2 = 0.

or, a 2 c2 = (4ha k 2 ) (k2 + 4a 2 )

\ the locus of (h, k) is (y2 4 ax) (y2 + 4a 2 ) + a 2 c2 = 0.

2 2 , 2at 1 ) and ( at2 , 2at 2 ). 3. Let the coordinates of P and Q be ( at1

The gradient of OP =

2at1
2 at1

2at2 = 2 , and the gradient of OQ = = 2. 2 t1 at2 t1 2 . 2 = 1 or,, t t = 4. 1 2 t1 t2

2 2 x at1

Since OP and OQ are perpendicular,

2 x at1 y 2 at1 = The equation of the chord PQ is 2 2 2 a ( t2 t1 ) a( t2 t1 )

or, , y 2 at 1 = ( t2 + t1 )

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

2 2 or, y(t1 + t2 ) 2x = 2at 1 t2 + 2 at1 2 at1

or, y(t 1 + t2 ) 2x = 8a or, 2x y(t 1 + t2 ) = 8a

[Q t 1 t2 = 4] y or, x 8 4 = a.

t1 +t2

Thus, PQ intersects the x-axis at the point (4a , 0) which is a fixed point, independent of t1 and t 2 .
2 2 2 , 2at t1 ); ( at2 , 2at t2 ); ( at3 , 2at t3 ) respectively. 4. Let the coordinates of P, Q, R be ( at1

Let (h , k) be the mid point of QR. Then h = a 2

et22 + t32j , k = 2a(t22+ t3 ) = a(t2 + t3).

Since PQ passes through the focus, t1 t2 = 1 ... (1) Since PR is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola, i.e., perpendicular to the x -axis, the x-coordinate of both the points P and R are same,
2 2 = at3 i.e., at1 2 = t2 or, , t1 3

or, t1 = t3 ... (2)

Since the points P and R lie on the two sides of the x-axis, the y-coordinate of the points are different in signs. Using (1) and (2) we get t2 t3 = 1.

et22 + t32j or, 2h = a[(t2 + t3)2 2t2t3] L F k I 2 2OP = a L k2 O or, 2ha = k2 2a2 or, k2 = 2a(h + a). aM MN H a K PQ MN a2 2PQ
\ the locus of the mid point ( h , k) of QR is y2 = 2a (x + a). 5. P is a point on the parabola y2 = 4ax with parameter t. The coordinates of P are (at 2 , 2at ).
2 , 2at 1 ). Let the co-ordinates of Q be ( at1

Now, h = a 2

Since PQ is a focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax, t t1 = 1 or, t1 = 1 . t

Let the parameter of the point R on the parabola be t. Then the coordinates of R (at 2, 2at ) The gradient of QR = 2 at 2 at1
2 at 2 at1

2 . t + t1

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

The gradient of PK =

2t 2 at = . at 2 2 a t2 2
or, , t + t1 = 2( t 2 2) 2t

Since QR || PK, or, t =

2 = 2t t + t1 t2 2

t2 2 t2 2 1 t1 = + 1 Q t1 = t t t t

LM N

OP = t 2 1 . Q t

2 \ R has parameter t 1 . t

7. Here x = 2t2 + 3 and y = 4t + 5. Now, y = 4 t + 5 or, (y 5) = 4 t or, (y 5)2 = 16t2 = 8. 2t2 = 8(x 3). \ the locus of the point ( x, y) is (y 5)2 = 8(x 3). 9. Solution : Let the end points of the chord be P( a cos a, b sin a) and Q(a cos b, b sin b ). Let the chord PQ subtend a right angle at A(a , 0). \ PA ^ QA. The gradient of PA = b sina = b cot a . a (1 cosa ) a 2

The gradient of QA =

b sin b b = b cos . a(1 cos b ) a 2

\ PA ^ QA,

F b cot a I FG b cot b IJ = 1 H a 2 KH a 2 K

or,

b b b2 b2 = tan a tan . \ tan a tan = 2. 2 2 2 2 2 a a

12. The equation of the chord joining the points ( a cos q , b sin q ) and (a cos f, b sin f )
2 y2 y b sinq x a cos q = 1 is = on the ellipse x + 2 2 a (cos f cos q ) b (sin f sin q ) a b

or, bx (sin f sin q ) ay(cos f cos q ) = ab [cos q (sin f sin q ) sin q (cos f cos q )] or, bx. 2 cos q +f q +f q f f q ay sin y. 2 sin sin 2 2 2 2

= ab [cos q sin f cos q sin q sin q cos f + sin q cos q ]

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

or, bx. 2 cos or, bx. 2 cos or, bx. cos

q +f f q q +f f q sin + ay y. 2 sin sin = ab b sin (f q ) 2 2 2 2

q +f f q q +f f q f q f q sin + ay y. 2 sin sin = 2ab b sin cos 2 2 2 2 2 2 [Q cos ( q ) = cos q ]

q +f q +f q f + ay y. sin = ab b cos 2 2 2

q +f y q +f q f \ x cos + sin = cos . a 2 b 2 2

2 y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at the point (7, 0) and the y-axis at the point (0, 5). 13. The ellipse x + a2 b 2 \ a = 7, b = 5.

\ the eccentricity of the ellipse =

1 b2 = a

25 = 49

49 25 = 49

24 = 2 6 . 49 7

14. The points of intersection of the ellipse 4 x2 + y2 = 16 and the line y = 2x 1 or, y + 1 = 2x are given by ( y + 1)2 + y2 = 16 or, 2y2 + 2y 15 = 0.

\ y = 2 4 + 120 = 2 124 = 2 2 31 = 1 31 . 4 4 4 2 Putting y = 1 + 31 in y + 1 = 2x we get 2 2 x = 1 + 31 + 1 = 1 + 31 2 2 or, , x = 1 + 31 . 4

Putting y = 1 31 in y + 1 = 2x we get 2 2 x = 1 31 + 1 = 1 31 2 2 or, , x = 1 31 . 4

The points of intersection are 1 + 31 , 1 + 31 4 2 \ the length of the chord =

FG H

IJ K

and

FG 1 31 , 1 31 IJ . 2 H 4 K

FG 1+ 31 1 31 IJ 2 + FG 1 + 31 1 31 IJ 2 4 K 2 H 4 H 2 K
31 + 31 = 4 155 = 4 155 . 2

FG 2 31 IJ 2 + FG 2 31 IJ 2 = H 4 K H 2 K

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

15. The adjoining figure is according to the problem. Here SC SC is a parallelogram. By the property of ellipse, SC + SC = AA = 2a (say) ... (i)

and SC + CS = BB = 2a ... (ii) [Q SCSC is a parallelogram, so SC = SC AA = BB ]

S
p q q

C S

From DOCS we get, CS2 = OS2 + OC2 2OC.OS.cosq = ae2 + ae2 2 a 2 ee cosq ... (iii) Again from DSOC we get, CS2 = OS2 + OC2 2OS.OC cos(p q ) = a 2 e2 + a 2 e2 + 2a 2 ee cosq ... (iv) Now, from (1) we have, CS2 + CS2 + 2CS.CS = 4a 2 2 a 2 e2 + 2a 2 e2 + 2a e2 + e2 2 ee cosq .a e2 + e2 2 ee cosq = 4a 2 e2 + e2 + ( e2 + e2 )2 4 e2e2 cos2 q = 2

(e2 + e2 )2 4 e2 e2 cos2 q = (2 e2 e2 )2 (e2 + e2 )2 4 e2 e2 cos2 q = 4 + (e2 + e2 )2 4(e2 + e2 ) e2 e2 cos2 q = (1 e2 e2 ) cos2 q = e2 + e2 1 e2e2

the acute angle in between two axes of the two ellipses is q = cos1 e2 + e2 1 . ee

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

2 y2 16. The equation of the ellipse is 9 x2 + 16y2 = 144 i.e., x + = 1. 16 9

Hence a = 4, b = 3. \e =
2 1 - b2 =

7 , and hence the focus S has the 4

co-ordinates

7, 0 .

Let the co-ordinates of P and P be (4 cos f, 3 sin f ) and (4 cos q , b sin q ) respectively, where f and q are the eccentric angles of P and P respectively. \ SP = = = ( 4 cos f - 7 )2 + 3 sin f

g2

16 cos2 f + 7 - 8 7 cos f + 9 sin2 f

7 cos2 f + 9 + 7 - 8 7 cos f =
( 4 - 7 cos f )2 = 4

16 - 8 7 cos f + 7 cos2 f

7 cos f (since

7 cos f

7 < 4).

Similarly, SP = 4

7 cos q .

Now, in the sum no. 12 of worked-out exercise (Chapter - VI) we have shown that tan

q tan f = e - 1 2 2 e+1

i.e. ., tan

q = e - 1 cot f 2 e+1 2
(e -1)2 f 2q 1 cot2 2 1 - tan 2 (e +1) 2 = i.e. ., 2 ( e -1) f 1 + tan2 q 1+ cot2 2 2 ( e + 1) 2

e -1 f i.e., tan2 q = cot2 2 2 2 e+1 ( e + 1 )2 sin2

b b

g g

f f - ( e - 1 )2 cos2 2 2 i.e., cos q = f f ( e + 1 )2 sin2 + ( e - 1)2 cos2 2 2

i.e., cos q =

2 e - (1 + e2 ) cos f ( e2 + 1 ) - 2 e cos f

i.e., 2e (1 + e2 ) cos f = (1 + e2 ) cos q 2 e cos q cos f i.e., (1 + e2 ) (cos q + cos f) = 2e {1 + cos q cos f } i.e.,

23 (cos q + cos f) = 2 7 {1 + cosq cos f } 16 4

i.e., cos q + cos f = 8 7 {1 + cos q cos f}. 23

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

Now, SP + SP = 8

7 (cos q + cos f ) = 8 56 {1 + cos q cos f }. 23

Again, (SP)(SP )= 16 + 7 cos q cos f 4 7 (cos q + cos f ) = 16 + 7 cos q cos f 4 7 . 8 7 {1 + cos q cos f } 23 = 16 + 7 cos q cos f 4 56 {1 + cos q cos f}. 23 \ 8 23 56 (1 + cos q cos f ) 1 + 1 SP + SP = = SP SP ( SP )(SP ) 16 23 + 7 23 cos q cos f 4 56 (1 + cosq cosf ) = 8 (16 - 7 cos q cos f ) = 8. 9 (16 - 7 cos q cos f ) 9

2 y2 = 1 are (ae, 0) and ( ae, 0) 17. The coordinates of the foci S and S of the ellipse x + a2 b 2 respectively, where e is the eccentricity of the ellipse.

b2 Now, e2 = 1 2 a \ SP = = = = S P = = = =

or, , b 2 = a 2 (1 e2 ).

(ae a cos q )2 + (0 b sinq )2 =

a2e2 2a2e2 cos q + a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q

a2e2 2a2e cosq + a2 cos2 q + a2 (1 e2 )sin2 q

a 2e2 (1 sin2 q ) + a2 sin2 q + a 2 cos2 q 2 a 2e cosq =

a2e2 cos2 q 2a2e cos q + a2

( aecos q + a )2 = ( ae cos q + a ) (Q a ae cos q > 0); ( ae a cosq ) 2 + ( 0 b sinq )2 =

a2e2 + 2a2e cosq + a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q

a 2e2 + 2 a 2e cosq + a 2 cos2 q + a 2 (1 e2 ) sin2 q a 2e2 (1 sin2 q ) + 2 a2e cos q + a 2 cos2 q + a 2 sin2 q

a2e2 cos2 q + 2a2e cos q + a2 =

( ae cosq + a )2 = (ae cos q + a ).

\ | SP SP | = |(a ae cos q ) (a + ae cos q )| = | 2 ae cos q | = 2ae cos q. 18. The equation of the chord joining the points with eccentric angles a 1 and a 4 is a + a1 y a + a1 a - a1 x cos 4 + sin 4 = cos 4 a b 2 2 2 ... (i)

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

The equation of the chord joining the points with eccentric angles a 2 and a 3 is a + a3 y a + a3 a - a3 x cos 2 + sin 2 = cos 2 a 2 b 2 2 ... (ii)

The equation of a 2nd degree conic passing through the intersection of the ellipse
2 x 2 + y 1 = 0 and the chords (i) and (ii) is a2 b2 2 x 2 + y 1 + l x cos a 4 + a 1 + y sin a 4 + a 1 - cos a 4 - a 1 a 2 2 2 b a2 b2

FG H

IJ K

FG x cos a 2 + a 3 + y sin a2 + a 3 - cos a 2 - a3 IJ = 0 ... (iii) 2 2 2 K b Ha

If the equation (iii) represents a circle then coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2 , and coefficient of xy = 0 Using the above conditions we get sin a1 + a2 + a3 + a 4 = n p. 2

FG a1 + a2 + a3 + a 4 IJ = 0 2 H K

i.e.,

\ a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 2n p, n N .

2 y2 = 1. 19. Let PQ and QR be two focal chords of the ellipse x + a2 b 2

The eccentric angles of P, Q, R are a, b, g respectively. \ the coordinates P, Q, R are (a cos a, b sin a), (a cos b, b sin b ), (a cos g , b sin g ) respectively. The equation of the chord PQ is y b sina x a cosa = . b (sin b sina ) a (cos b cosa )

Since PQ passes through the focus (ae, 0), ae a cosa b sina = a (cos b cosa ) b (sin b sina ) or, ,

sin b sina sina = e cosa cos b cosa

or, (e cos a )(sin b sin a ) = ( sin a )(cos b cos a ) or, e(sin b sin a ) = sin a cos b + sin a cos a + cos a sin b sin a cos a 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin( b a ) or, e = = b +a b a sin b sina 2 cos 2 sin 2
b +a b a

cos 2 or, ,e = b +a cos 2

b a

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

b cos 2 cos 2 2 sin 2 sin a e 1 2 = tan b tan a . = = b a b +a b e +1 2 2 cos 2 + cos 2 2 cos 2 cos a 2 b a b +a

or,

Since the chord QR passes through ( ae, 0) then proceeding in a similar manner we get = tan b g tan . 2 2 e +1 b g 1 tan = = b e 1 2 2 tan 2 tan a 2 g b or, tan a tan = cot2 . 2 2 2

e 1 e + 1

Thus tan

b g \ tan a , cot , tan are in G.P. .P. 2 2 2

2 y2 = 1 through the focus S(ae, 0) intersect the ellipse at 20. Let the focal chord of the ellipse x + a2 b 2 P(x1 , y1 ) and Q(x2 , y2 ).

\ SP =

2 (ae x1 )2 + y1 =

2 2 a 2e2 + x1 + y1 2 aex1

b2 2 2 2 2 a 2 1 2 + x1 + b 2 + x1 e x1 2 aex1 = a ( a ex1 )2 = a ex x1 .
2 x1

F GH

I JK

2 2 a 2 b2 + b2 + x1 e 2 aex1

[Since (x1 , y1 ), a point on the ellipse,

2 2 b 2 2 or, y1 = b 2 x1 = b 2 + x1 a2

y2 + 1 =1 a2 b 2

y2 x2 or, 1 = 1 1 a2 b2

FG 1 b2 IJ H a2 K

2 2 2 2 x1 = b 2 + x1 e x1 .]

Similarly SQ = a ex 2 . \ The length of the chord PQ = SP + SQ = 2a e(x1 + x2 ) ... (1) Since the chord passes through ( ae, 0) and it makes an angle q with the major axis, i.e., the x-axis, its gradient is tan q and its equation is y = tan q (x ae) ... (2)
2 y2 = 1 we get, for points of intersection of the chord (2) with the Putting the value of y in x + a2 b 2

2 ( x ae)2 tan2 q =1 ellipse, x + b2 a2

10

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

or, x2 b 2 cos2 q + a 2 (x ae)2 sin2 q = a 2 b 2 cos2 q or, (a 2 sin2 q + b 2 cos2 q )x2 2 a 3 xe sin2 q + a 4 e2 sin2 q a 2 b 2 cos2 q = 0. The roots of the last equation are x1 and x2 . Then x1 + x2 = 2a 3e sin2 q a 2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q ... (3)

Putting the value of (3) in (1) we get the length of the chord = 2 a e (x1 + x2 ) = 2a 2 a 3e2 sin2 q a 2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q [Q a 2 e2 = a 2 b 2 ]

2 a ( a2 sin2 q + b 2 cos2 q ) 2 a ( a2 b2 ) sin2 q a2 sin2 q + b 2 cos2 q

3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 ab2 . = 2 a sin q + 2 ab cos q 2 a sin q + 2 ab sin q = a 2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q a 2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q

23. Since PQ is a double ordinate, if the parametric co-ordinates of P are ( a sec q, b tan q) then those of Q are (a sec q, b tan q). Since DOPQ is equilateral and PMO = 90, we have, POM = 30. \ PM = tan 30 OM 1 b tanq = or, a sec q 3

Now, here OM = a sec q, PM = b tan q. So, 3 sin q = a b

2 4 or, 1 + b > 2 3 a

2 2 1 or, a = 3 sin2 q < 3 or, b > 2 2 3 b a

4 or, e2 > 3

or, e > 2 [ Q e > 0]. (Proved) 3

24. The equation of the chord joining the points ( a sec q , b tan q ) and (a sec f, b tan f) on the
2 y2 x a secq y b tanq = 1 ... (i) is = hyperbola x 2 2 a (sec f sec q ) (tan f tanq ) b a b

or, bx (tan f tan q ) ay(sec f sec q ) = ab (sec q tan f sec q tan f sec f tan q + sec q tan q) or, bx

LM sinf sin q OP ay L O b LM sin f sin q OP y M 1 1 P = ab N cos f cos q Q N cos f cos q Q N cosq cos f cosq cosf Q

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

11

or, bx

L sin f sinq OP LM sin f cos q sin q cos f OP ay L cosq cos f OP = ab y M b M cos q cos f cos q cos f N Q N Q N cosq cosf Q
q +f f q q +f f q sin = ab b . 2 cos sin 2 2 2 2 f q f q q +f f q q +f f q cos 2 ay y sin sin = 2ab b cos sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 ay sin 2 ab
q +f

or, bx sin (f q ) ay. 2 sin or, bx. 2 sin bx cos 2 or, ab \

f q

= cos

q +f . 2

q f q +f q +f x y cos sin = cos [Q cos ( q ) = cos q ]. a 2 b 2 2