Sarthak

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION)

Miscellaneous Exercises (Differential Equation)

(Solutions of * marked problems)
1. The given equation is same as, x2 (x dx + y dy ) + 2x(y dy + x dx ) 2y2 dx 2 x2 dx = 0. or, x 2 + 2x d (x2 + y2 ) = 2(x2 + y2 ) dx 2 d ( x2 + y2 ) x +y
2 2

or,

4 dx = x ( x + 2)

FG 1 1 IJ 2 dx . H x x + 2K

On integration, we get, log (x2 + y2 ) = 2 log | x | 2 log | x + 2 |. (Ans.) 2. Differentiating the given equation we have, 2x a +l
2 2

2 yy1 b2 + l 2

= 0.

or, l2 (x + yy1 ) = (a 2 yy1 + b 2 x) or, l2 =

a 2 yy1 + b2 x . x + yy1

Substituting these values of l2 in the given equation we have,

x2 + a2 a2
a2 yy1 + b2 x x + y1y

y2 + b2 b2
a2 yy1 + b2 x x + y1y

LM x 2 + a2 y 2 + b2 OP = 1 or, (x + yy1 ) MM ea2 b2 j x + eb2 a2 jyy1 PP = 1 N Q

or, (x + yy1 ) [(x2 + a 2 )yy1 (y2 + b 2 )x] = (a 2 b 2 )xyy1 . (Proved.)

3. (x2y 2 xy2)dx (x3 3 x2y)dy = 0 or, y(x2 2xy)dx (x3 2 x2y)dy + x2ydy = 0 or, (x2 2 xy)(y dx) (x2 2 xy)(xdy) + x2ydy = 0 or, (x2 2 xy) (ydx xdy) + x2y dy = 0 or, 1 2. y (y dx x dy y) + y dx = 0 x or, F1 2. y I d F x I H x K H yK

F H

I K

or, 1 2. y . y2d x x y
x y x y

F H

I K

F I + y dy H K y=0

+ 1 dy y=0 y

F x I 2z de j + z dy = c or, , zd y H yK
1

RUDIMENTS OF MATHEMATICS

or, x 2 log x + log| y| = c y y y2 or, x + log y 2 y x

or, x + log x
y y

+ log| y | = c

F GH

I JK

=c

or,

x + log y

y3 = c. x2

4. 6(x2y4 + xy)dx + (4x3y3 3 x2)dy = 0 or, (6x2 y4 dx + 4x3 y3 dy) + (6xy dx 3 x2 dy) = 0 or, 2y2(3x2 y2 dx + 2x3y dy) + 3(2xy dx x2 dy) = 0
2 xy dx x2 dy or, 2(3x2 y2 dx + 2x3 y dy) + 3. = 0. 2 y

x2 Now, suppose u = x3y2 and v = y . dy Then, du = 3x2y2 + 2x3y or, , du = 3x2y2 dx + 2x3y dy. dx dx
2 2 xy x2 dy dx or, dv = 2 xy dx x dy . Again, dv = dx y2 y2

So, the required differential equation is

2 2 du + 3dv = 0 or, 2 du + 3 dv v = c or, 2u + 3v = c or, 2x3y2 + 3 x = c.

5. Suppose,

d 2 y dp dy = p . Then 2 = . dx dx dx dp = dx 1 4 x
2

So, the given equation is

or, , dp =

dx 4 x2

dy x = sin1 + A A is an integration constant dx 2 x or, dy = sin1 dx + Ax. 2 i.e., p = Integrating both the sides,

o SOLUTIONS OF * MARKED PROBLEMS (DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION)

y = x sin1

x 2

x dx x2 2 1 4 xdx 4 x2

+ Ax + B B is an integration constant independent of A

= x sin1

x 2 x 2

= x sin1

z z

+ Ax + B

2 zdz + Ax + B [4 x2 = z2 2 x dx = 2z dz] z 4 x2 + Ax + B which is the required solution.

or, y = x sin1

x + 2