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11.4 Moisture Absorption Curves

Figure 11.26 Rate of water absorption at various conditions of humidity for Delrin.[17] (Courtesy of DuPont.)

Figure 11.27 Change in dimensions with moisture content for Zytel 101 in the stress-free (annealed) condition.[35] (Courtesy of DuPont.) This figure (Fig. 7.12) is reproduced here for the readers convenience.

Figure 11.28 Nylon moisture content as a function of time for three different thicknesses of molded nylon (Zytel) parts while immersed in water and at 50% relative humidity.[9] (Courtesy of DuPont.)

Figure 11.29 Water absorption of a variety of materials when immersed in water for 24 hours.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) This figure (see Fig. 7.6) is reproduced here for the readers convenience.

Notes: Delrin (Fig. 11.26) absorbs relatively little water[17] when compared with some other resins such as nylon (Fig 11.28).[9] Nylon swells with the absorption of water. Moisture absorption can cause a nylon part to become larger than the mold from which the part was made. Figure 11.27 shows nylon water absorption as high as 9% by weight.[40] Delrin, on the other hand, absorbs less than 1% water by weight. Figure 11.29 shows the percent water absorption of a variety of materials when immersed in water for 24 hours. PPS is not hygroscopic; therefore moisture has little effect on it. The only moisture absorption appears to be wicking along exposed fibers.[40]

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11.5 Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) Curves

Subject to the conditions discussed in Ch. 4, PVT curves can give a close approximation of the volumetric shrinkage of a plastic, molded part. These curves give no indication of actual linear shrinkage because they do not account for molecular or fiber orientation, nor do they account in any way for physical restraints such as ribs, walls, or cores that may restrict shrinkage while the part is still in the mold. The point at which the gate freezes and the holding pressure becomes ineffective is difficult to determine with exactitude. Nevertheless, a PVT curve gives a great deal of insight into the shrinkage behavior of the plastic. Most of the curves shown herein are presented in a 2D format. This format is generally easier to use. The 3D curves presented give a graphic picture of the effects of pressure, volume, and temperature on a given plastic, especially semicrystalline plastics, but are more difficult to use in predicting plastic shrinkage. The PVT curves shown here are given as a representation of a huge database that is available from various plastic suppliers. GE has PVT curves for over 500 different plastic materials. This type of data must be requested from the supplier for the particular material you wish to mold. Tait equation variables are given for each material.

Figure 11.30 A 3D PVT curve for the GE Cycolac T grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig. 11.31). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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ABS Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 Max Temp Tait 1.000504e-003 3.421291e-007 1.864395e+008 3.713166e-003 1.001071e-003 6.360780e-007 1.622039e+008 4.899814e-003 3.707949e+002 1.693548e-007 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 296.6

Figure 11.31 A 2D PVT curve for GE Cycolac T grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig. 11.30). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Lexan 141 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 8.53E-04 1.46E-07 3.02E+08 1.75E-03 8.53E-04 5.53E-07 1.82E+08 3.80E-03 4.14E+02 3.31E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 341.7

Figure 11.32 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 141, an unfilled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Lexan BPL 1000 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 8.526294e-004 2.181890e-007 2.239172e+008 2.556589e-003 8.545314e-004 5.565791e-007 1.366174e+008 3.576731e-003 3.811843e+002 4.333508e-007 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 286.5

Figure 11.33 A PVT curve for GE Lexan BPL 1000. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Lexan 500R Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 8.036041e-004 1.538086e-007 2.874069e+008 1.479154e-003 8.041212e-004 5.035071e-007 1.725724e+008 3.790587e-003 4.168094e+002 4.214451e-007 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 0.000000e+000 323.0

Figure 11.34 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 500R, a 10% glass-filled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Lexan 3412 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 7.59E-04 1.12E-07 3.68E+08 8.81E-04 7.59E-04 4.41E-07 2.14E+08 3.81E-03 4.10E+02 4.08E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 342.2

Figure 11.35 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 3412, a 20% glass-filled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Lexan 3414 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 6.64E-04 7.06E-08 4.41E+08 8.52E-04 6.64E-04 3.29E-07 2.56E+08 3.69E-03 4.14E+02 3.97E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 343.6

Figure 11.36 A PVT curve for GE Lexan 3414, a 40% glass-filled polycarbonate. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Noryl 731 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 Tait 9.57E-04 2.29E-07 2.23E+08 2.85E-03 9.59E-04 7.17E-07 1.24E+08 4.12E-03 4.14E+02 4.14E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Figure 11.37 A PVT curve for unfilled, modified PPO (GE Noryl 731). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Figure 11.38 A 3D PVT curve for unfilled Nylon 6/6 (Zytel 101L). See 2D curves in Fig. 11.39. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Zytel 101L Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 9.916582e-004 4.555279e-007 1.530184e+008 3.303175e-003 1.042971e-003 7.326134e-007 1.167286e+008 4.018659e-003 5.369995e+002 3.485184e-008 4.881898e-005 1.787171e-001 8.273468e-009 318.1

Figure 11.39 A PVT curve for unfilled Nylon 6/6 (Zytel 101L). See 3D diagram in Fig. 11.38. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Figure 11.40 A 3D PVT curve for unfilled PBT (GE Valox 327). See 2D curves in Fig. 11.41. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Valox 327 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 8.564531e-004 3.986468e-007 1.297948e+008 4.901804e-003 9.098297e-004 6.613134e-007 1.039253e+008 3.059871e-003 5.041234e+002 1.086342e-007 5.068244e-005 2.085185e-001 2.352836e-008 298.3

Figure 11.41 A PVT curve for unfilled PBT (GE Valox 327). See 3D curves in Fig. 11.40. (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Valox DR48 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 MaxTemp Tait 7.38E-04 2.88E-07 1.73E+08 3.43E-03 7.81E-04 5.61E-07 1.08E+08 2.25E-03 5.03E+02 1.44E-07 3.97E-05 1.07E-01 1.74E-08 298.3

Figure 11.42 A PVT curve for 15% glass-filled PBT (GE Valox DR48). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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Valox 420 Model B1s B2s B3s B4s B1m B2m B3m B4m B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 7.32E-04 2.76E-07 1.69E+08 4.47E-03 7.74E-04 4.77E-07 1.26E+08 2.90E-03 5.12E+02 1.17E-07 6.02E-05 8.63E-02 1.40E-08 Tait

Figure 11.43 A PVT curve for 30% glass-filled PBT (Valox 420). (Courtesy of GE Plastics.)

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11.6 Shrinkage and Warpage of Molded Disks

The following shrinkage and warpage data was obtained by molding a circular disk with a single edge-gate. The change in size from the gate to the opposite side of the disk was measured to determine the flow-direction shrink rate. The cross-flow shrinkage was measured perpendicular to the flow-direction shrinkage. The warpage is the offset of the edge of the disk opposite the gate over the diameter of the disk when the gate side is held tightly against the measurement surface. See Fig. 11.44.[6]

Table 11.2. Flow and Cross Flow Shrinkage and A/D Warpage

Shrinkage Rate (in/in) Flow Acetal Acetal Acetal Polycarbonate Polycarbonate Polycarbonate *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig. 11.44. Unfilled 10% GF 30% GF Unfilled 10% GF 30% GF 0.020 0.011 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.001 Cross Flow 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.005 0.003 0.003 Warpage

A/D*
0.075 0.030 0.300 0.300 0.001 0.003

Figure 11.44 Flow, cross flow, and warpage (Cup/Diameter) (A/D in Tables 11.211.5).[6] (Courtesy of Hanser-Gardner.) This figure (see Fig. 4.7) is reproduced here for the readers convenience.

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Table 11.3. Flow vs Transverse-Flow Shrinkage and Warpage for Injection-Molded Polyacetal (POM) Disksa with Increasing Glass-Fiber Loading[47]

Glass Fiber Content (%) 0 5 10 20 30

a

Flow Shrinkage (in/in) 0.020 0.015 0.011 0.006 0.004

Transverse Shrinkage (in/in) 0.0160 0.0110 0.0125 0.0150 0.0150

Differential Shrinkage (in/in 10-3) -4.0 -4.0 1.5 9.0 11.0

Warpage (A/D*) 0.075 0.060 0.030 0.270 0.300

4 inch diameter 1/16 inch thick disks

*A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig. 11.44.

Table 11.4. Comparison of the Warpage of Polycarbonate and SAN at Various Filler-Loading Levels[47]

Base Resin Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN)
a b

Modifier Type Unmodified Glass fiber Glass fiber Carbon fiber Glass bead Glass fiber Glass bead

Loading Level (%) 0 10 30 30 30 30 30

Plaque Warpage (in)a 0.007 0.007 0.018 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001

Disk Warpage (A/D*)b 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.002 0.000

6 inch 8 inch 1/8 inch thick 4 inch diameter 1/16 inch thick

*A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig. 11.44.

Note: The warpage in Table 11.2 is the displacement of the gate side of a 4-in. diameter disk from a flat surface when the opposite side of the disk is held firmly against the flat surface. The transverse shrinkage is measured across the disk at 90 degrees each side of the gate. The flow-direction shrinkage is measured from the gate to the opposite side. The differential shrinkage is the difference between the flow-direction and transverse-direction shrinkage. Measurements must be taken at least forty-eight hours after molding. Hygroscopic materials must be kept dry for this period. Many process variables affect warpage data before annealing. If parts are annealed, process variables have little effect on measured warpage. Table 11.4 shows warpage results when molding polycarbonate and SAN.[4]

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Table 11.5. Shrinkage and Warpage Data for Injection-Molded Neat and Filled Thermoplastic Polymers[4]

Base Polymer Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Polyacetal (POM) Polypropylene (PP) Polypropylene (PP) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) Polystyrene Acryonitrile (SAN) Polystyrene Acryonitrile (SAN)
1 2

Modifier Type Unmodified Glass fiber Glass fiber Glass fiber Carbon fiber Glass bead Barium ferrite Glass fiber Glass fiber Glass fiber
1

Loading Level (%) 0 10 30 40 40 40 80 30 30 30 0 10 30 30 30 30

Shrinkage3 (in/in) 0.015 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.010 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.0005 0.005 0.003

Warpage2 (A/D*) 0.050 0.060 0.270 0.270 0.200 0.008 0.002 0.300 0.380 0.300 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.000

Unmodified Glass fiber Glass fiber Carbon fiber Glass fiber Glass bead

Chemically coupled. 4 in diameter 1/16 thick disk. 3 ASTM D955 test bar. *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig. 11.44.

11.7 Angular Warpage

Figure 11.45 Molded plaque, including walls with and without gussets, with holes, and with cylindrical shapes.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.)

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Figure 11.46 Bow angle of side wall without gusset vs thickness for unfilled and filled polycarbonate and nylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.)

Figure 11.47 Bow angle of front wall with gusset vs thickness for unfilled and filled polycarbonate and nylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.)

Notes: Figures 11.46 and 11.47 indicate the effects of fiber reinforcement and gussets on bow angles of the walls of the plaque in Fig. 11.45.[46] The angles are measured as deviations from the perpendicular. The bowing is caused by the delayed cooling of the inside corner of the mold where the wall meets the main part of the plaque. The gusset resists the bending stress caused by the slower-cooling inside corner, thus reducing the bow angle. Notice in Figure 11.47 that the gusset reduces the bow angle to less than half the un-gusseted angle.

Figure 11.48 Hoechst Celanese test plaque, molded of PPS (dimensions in mm).[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

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Figure 11.49 Measurement points of the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Notes: Hoechst Celanese ran tests[40] to determine warpage using 40% glass-filled and 65% mineral/glass-filled PPS using the sample part shown in Fig. 11.48.[40] Unfortunately, gate location was not specified. Figure 11.49 shows the dimensions and points at which measurements were taken. Figures 11.5053 show the test results.[40] As one might expect, the warpage of the 65% mineral/glass-filled material was less than that of the 40% glassfiber-filled material. The mineral/glass-filled material has less glass fiber in it than the 40% glass-fiber-filled material. The improved warpage characteristics therefore result from two sources. First, the aspect ratio of the mineral fill is less than the glass fiber, therefore the anisotropic shrinkage is less. Second, the higher fill ratio results in less overall shrinkage. These tests give some indication of the variations one might expect when molding a complicated part from PPS. Once a mold is built and proven, the molder may expect good consistency from the mold provided he exercises good control over the molding conditions.

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Figure 11.50 Warpage with respect to flatness in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.51 Warpage with respect to roundness of a cylinder in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.52 Warpage with respect to roundness of a hole in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

Figure 11.53 Warpage with respect to bowing angle in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.)

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Table 11.6. Dimensional Tests of the Hoechst Celanese Test Plaque Molded of PPS Run at a Variety of Times Over a Ten-Month Period[40]

Test Date

x (in)

(in)

3 100 x (%)

100 x (%) for 3 days

Reproducibility for 10 months

8/10/88 8/11/88 8/12/88 11/17/88 11/18/88 11/19/88 2/27/89 2/28/89 2/29/89 5/29/89 5/30/89 5/31/89

1.9593 9.9593 1.9594 1.9594 1.9593 1.9592 1.9592 1.9591 1.9592 1.9593 1.9593 1.9594

0.00016 0.00012 0.00016 0.00016 0.00016 0.00016 0.00024 0.00028 0.00016 0.00020 0.00016 0.00020

0.024 0.017 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.025 0.036 0.043 0.026 0.029 0.022 0.029 0.027 0.035 0.025 Dimension = 1.9593 in 0.0006 in (0.030%) 0.022

Note: The second column is the statistical mean of the measurements. The third column is sigma ( ), the calculated statistical standard deviation of the samples. The fourth column is the 3 accuracy for each day. The fifth column is the 3 accuracy for three consecutive days. The last column is the total error range over a ten-month test. It is approximately equal to twice the maximum standard deviation for that period.

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11.8 General Shrinkage Characteristics for Various Plastics

Table 11.7. Nominal Thermoplastic Mold Shrinkage Rates Using ASTM Test Specimens[10]
Average Rate* per ASTM D955 0.125 in 0.250 in (3.18 mm) (6.35 mm) 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.0015 0.017 0.021 0.003 NA 0.015 0.030 0.003 0.004 0.013 0.016 0.0035 0.0045 0.016 0.022 0.006 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.0055 0.012 0.018 0.003 0.0045 0.005 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.007 0.002 0.003 0.011 0.013 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.011 0.004 0.002 NA 0.015 0.025 0.0035 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.0005 0.001

Material

Reinforcement Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 15% glass-fiber + 25% mineral 15% glass-fiber + 25% beads 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 10% glass-fiber 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 40% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber

ABS Acetal, copolymer HDPE, homopolymer Nylon 6

Nylon 6/6

PBT Polyester

Polycarbonate

Polyether sulfone Polyether-etherketone Polyetherimide Polyphenylene oxide/PS alloy Polyphenylene sulfide Polypropylene, homopolymer Polystyrene *Rates in in/in (Courtesy ICI-LNP)

Note: While these data indicate that increasing thickness causes increased shrinkage, parts of greater thickness may not shrink significantly more than indicated for 6-mm thickness because thicker parts often develop voids instead of more shrinkage. Gate/runner size and flow direction also influence the above data. Usually the shrinkage in the thickness of the part is not of significant interest because the thickness is normally about 1/8 in. (3 mm). One study (Fig. 11.2) measured the in-mold thickness shrinkage of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene in an 1/8-in. thick tensile test bar. The measurements are in microns, each of which is about 40/ 1,000,000 of an inch. Time zero is when the plastic separates from the mold wall. This starting time will vary depending on the usual variables of gate size, injection pressure, holding pressure, and mold temperature for each material.

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Table 11.8. Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow and Cross Flow (Transverse) Directions

Shrinkage Material Flow mil/in 5 1 17-22 11 3 3 17 6 4 3 4-6 4-6 4-6 6-8 5-8 5-8 5-8 5-8 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-8 5-7 5-7 4-6 5-7 5-7 4-6 5-7 5-7 5-7 Transverse mil/in 5 2 16-18 13-18 6-16 11 16 12 11 10 4-6 4-6 4-6 Material

Shrinkage Flow mil/in 5-7 5-7 5-7 18-21 18-21 18-21 14-17 17-20 23 21 13 12 17-20 18-20 16 21 21 19 21 10 18-21 18 13 21 19 12 8-10 12-14 7-9 21 17-20 15-17 16 19 20 18 20 18 17-20 17 14 15 19 21 11-13 11-13 7.5-9.5 18-21 17-19 17-20 15-18 18-21 8 15 Transverse mil/in

ABS unreinforced ABS 30% glass filled Acetal Unfilled Acetal 10% GF Acetal 30% Glass Fiber Acetal 30% Glass Beads Crastin S600F10 NC10PBT 125 mil (3.2mm) Crastin SK602 NC10 PBT 15% GF 125 mil Crastin SK603 NC10 PBT 20% GF 125 mil Crastin SK605 NC10 PBT 30% GF 125 mil Cycoloy PC/ABS C2800 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS C6200 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS C2950 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS DSK 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM4700 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM5500 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM5600 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM6300 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS IP1000 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS LG8002 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS LG9000 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS MC1300 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8002 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS MC9000 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8800 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy C1000HF 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy C1110 125 mil (3.2mm)

Cycoloy C1110HF 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy C1200 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy C1200HF 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 100 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 100P NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 111 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 1700P NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) test bar Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) plaque Delrin 570 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 110C Delrin 570 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 124C Delrin 900 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 500 AF (20%PTFE) 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin DE8903 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin 100, 100P Delrin 500, 500P Delrin 511P, 911P Delrin 900P Delrin 1700P Delrin colors depending on color Delrin 500T Delrin 100ST Delrin 500AF Delrin CL Delrin 570, 577 Enduran PBT 7062X 125 mil (3.2mm) Enduran PBT 7065 125 mil (3.2mm) Enduran PBT 7085 125 mil (3.2mm)

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Table 11.8. (Contd.)

Shrinkage Material Flow mil/in 1-3 1-2 4-6 3-5 5-7 5-7 5 2 8 8 9 11 14 11 17 13 14 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 9 8 7 1 5-7 5-7 5-7 2-5 1-4 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 13 10 10 2 5-7 5-7 5-7 Transverse mil/in 5-7 3-5 Material

Shrinkage Flow mil/in 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 13 3.5 16-21 4 6 2 18 3 1 6 3 0.5-1 4 3.5 5 1 2.1 2.0 2.4 4.0 2.3 3.5 1.8 2.5 3 5-7 5-7 5-7 14 4.5 15-21 6 8 4 21 10 2 6 4 1-2 4 9 5 2 6.3 7.5 6.7 9.5 8.2 9 7.8 8 10 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 Transverse mil/in

Fortran (PPO) 40% Glass Fiber Fortran (PPO) 65% Mineral/Glass Geloy XP1001 125 mil (3.2mm) Geloy XP2003 125 mil (3.2mm) Geloy XP4025 125 mil (3.2mm) Geloy XP4034 125 mil (3.2mm) Hytrel G3548L 125 mil (3.2mm) Hytrel 4056 Hytrel 4069 Hytrel G4074 Hytrel 4078W Hytrel 4556 Hytrel G4774 125 mil (3.2mm) Hytrel 5526 Hytrel G5544 Hytrel 5555 HS Hytrel 5556 Hytrel 6356 Hytrel 6359 FG Hytrel 6358 Hytrel G7246 125 mil (3.2mm) Hytrel 7246 Hytrel 7248 Hytrel 8238 Lexan 101/201 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 121/221 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 131 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 141/241 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 191 125 mil (3.2mm) Minlon 11C40 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Minlon 10B40 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Minlon 22C NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl 30% GF Noryl 534 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl 731H 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl 731 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl GFN1 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl GFN3 125 mil (3.2mm)

Noryl HS1000X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl N190HX 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl N190X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl N225X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl N300X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl PC180X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl PN235 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl PX0844 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl PX9406 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl SE100X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl SE1X 125 mil (3.2mm) Nylon (PA) 6 Nylon (PA) 6 30% GF Nylon (PA) 66 Nylon (PA) 66 30% GF Nylon (PA) 66 15% GF 25% Glass Beads PEI 30% GF PET PET 30% GF PC 30% GF Polycarbonate Unfilled Polycarbonate 10% Glass Fiber Polycarbonate 30% Glass Fiber Polycarbonate 30% Glass Beads PP 30% GF PPO/PS Unreinforced PPO/PS 30% Glass Fiber Rynite 408 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 408 125 mil (13.2mm) Rynite 415HP 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 415HP 125 mil (13.2mm) Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 250 mil (6.4mm)

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Table 11.8. (Contd.)

Shrinkage Material Material Flow mil/in 7 1.6 2.5 1.2 2.0 1.5 2 2 7 1.3 2 3.4 5.0 2.2 2.0 4-6 3-5 3-5 2-4 4-6 5-7 5-7 14-28 Transverse mil/in 11 6.8 7.5 4.7 6.5 6.7 9 9 7 6.6 7 6.9 9.5 5.7 7.5 5-7 5-7 5-7 4-6 USI Chemical UE637 USI Chemical UE630 USI Chemical UE632 USI Chemical UE631 USI Chemical UE633 USI Chemical UE634 USI Chemical UE636 Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT) 30-90 mil Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT) 90-180 mil Valox 312 (PBT) 25-60 mil Valox 312 (PBT) 60-125 mil Valox 312 (PBT) 125-180 mil Xenoy 1102 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 1200 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 1402B (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 1731 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 1760 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 2230 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 2735 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) Zenite 6330 LPC Zenite 6130 80 mil thick Zenite 6130 40 mil thick Zenite 6130 20 mil thick Zenite 6330 80 mil thick Zenite 7130 80 mil thick Zenite 7130 40 mil thick Zytel 101 (66) Zytel 151L (612) Zytel 7331F (6) Zytel 70G13L (66) 13% GF Zytel 70G33L (66) 33% GF Zytel 70G43L (66) 43% GF

Shrinkage Flow mil/in 14-28 10-28 10-28 10-28 10-26 10-30 10-30 9-16 15-23 6-8 8-12 12-16 8-10 16-18 9-11 5-7 4-6 6-9 5-8 0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 0 0 -1 15 11 12 5 2 2 13 12 11 10 5 5 8 5 5 8 9 9-11 6-8 4-6 6-9 10-17 16-24 6-8 8-12 12-16 8-10 Transverse mil/in

Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 500 mil (12.7mm) Rynite FR530L NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite FR530L NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite FR543 NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite FR543 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 250 mil (6.4mm) Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 500 mil (12.7mm) Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite FR943 NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite FR943 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) SUPEC CTX 301RA 125 mil (3.2mm) SUPEC CTX 401 125 mil (3.2mm) SUPEC CTX 530 125 mil (3.2mm) SUPEC CTX 540 125 mil (3.2mm) SUPEC CTX W331 125 mil (3.2mm) ULTEM PEI 1000 125 mil (3.2mm) ULTEM PEI 1010 125 mil (3.2mm) USI Chemical UE635

Ch. 11: Data

Plastics Design Library

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Table 11.9. Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow Direction Only

Material Acetal EVA Polybutylene Polypropylene Polyester 25-50 mil Polyester 50-100 mil Polyester 100-180 mil Polyethylene PVC flexible Polyurethane Nylon 6/6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6/10 Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Nylon GF ABS Impact ABS Heat Resistant ABS Med. Impact Acrylic Noryl Polycarbonate Polystyrene PPO Polysulphone PVC rigid SAN

Type Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous

Shrinkage (inches/inch) 0.018-0.035 0.010-0.030 0.020 0.010-0.030 0.006-0.012 0.012-0.017 0.016-0.022 0.015-0.040 0.002-0.004 0.002-0.004 0.010-0.025 0.007-0.015 0.010-0.025 0.010-0.025 0.008-0.020 0.005-0.010 0.004-0.007 0.004-0.005 0.005 0.002-0.010 0.005-0.007 0.005-0.007 0.002-0.008 0.005-0.008 0.008 0.002-0.004 0.002-0.006

Plastics Design Library

Ch. 11: Data