Matrices

1.

VSAQ

Sol:

Define trace of the matrix and find trace of

A+A=

A=
=

AA=

2.

Sol: sum of elements in the principle diagonal of a

square matrix is called trace of A.
=1+ (-1) +1=1.
Define a symmetric matrix, If
A=

=
7.

Sol:
2X=B-A
2X=

Sol: A square matrix A is said to be symmetric matrix if

A=A.

3.

If
A=

, then find x.

x=6.

X=
8.

Define skew symmetric,

Find the cofactor of the elements 2, -5 in the

matrix

If
Sol: the cofactor of the elements 2 is =

Matrix, then find x.

Sol: A square matrix A is said to be skew symmetric
matrix

the cofactor of the elements -5 is =

=-(2-5)
=-(-3)
=3.

if A=-A
x=-4

4.

9.

If A=

Sol:

Sol:
1 (3x+24) =45
3x=45-24
3x=21 x=7

5.

Find the det of

=-31-4(-44) +9(-17)
=-31+176-153
=176-184
=-8.
10. If A

If
Find the value of x, y, z and a.

Sol: A

Sol:

=0

Equating the corresponding elements

x=5+3|| 2y=2+8 || z=-2-2 ||a=6+4
x=8, y=5, z=-4 and a=10
6.

If

-2-k=0k=-2.
11. Find the ad joint and inverse of

Matrices
Sol:
ifA=
A=

16. If A=
=

=
A=

12. If
. (1)
A+B=

(2)

From (1) & (2)

=0.

SAQ

13. If A=
Sol: A=

1.

If A=

Sol: A=

14. Find the rank of the matrix

Sol:

=
Rank of A=3(number of non -zero rows)

15. Construct a matrix A=

.
Let A=
.

2.

If A=
Sol:

Matrices
=

5.

If I=
Sol:

=
=
=

=
or

=
=

3.

If A=
Sol:

6.

If A=
Sol: let p (n) =

= -4+1+4
=1
A

Step-1: put n=1

A=

Step-2: let us assume that p(k) is true for n=k

Put n=k
Step-3: put n=k+1

=
4.

Find the inverse of diag [a b c].

Sol: let A=

7.

IfA=
(h/w)
Sol: s(n) is true for n=k+1.

Matrices
8.

Show that

Sol: L.H.S

Sol:
=

=
=

=
=
12. If

=
=

9.

Show that

Sol:

, then show that

Sol:

(h/w)
=cos

10. Show that

L.H.S

=
Sol: L.H.S
=
=
=
=

=
e

11. Show that

=-sin

Matrices

LAQ (2

1.
=
Sol: L.H.S
=

(2)

3.

If

Sol:

R.H.S

2.

L.H.S

Matrices
=
4.

Expanding along

Sol:

6.

S.T

(a-b) (b-c) (c-a) (ab+bc+ca).

Sol: L.H.S

=
=

= (a-b) (b-c)

Expanding along
= (a-b) (b-c)

=
=
b(c-a) +(c-a

5.

(c-a

= (a-b) (b-c)
Sol:
= (a-b) (b-c)
Expanding along
= (a-b) (b-c)
=

= (a-b) (b-c)
= (a-b) (b-c) (c-a) (ab+bc+ca).

Matrices
7.

S.T

(a-b) (b-c) (c-a)

Sol: A=

Sol:

Now A. adjA=

=
=
=
=

Expanding along
=
=
(a-b) (b-c) (c-a)

A.

8.

x=4.
9.

If A=

=I

Similarly we can prove that

= detA.I

=I

Matrices
10. Solve the following equations by using Cramers rule
and matrix inversion method.
a)
b)

x=3, y=1 and z=1.

(b).
Sol: let A=

, X=

and B=

=2
=2(1+1) +1(1-1) +3(-1-1)
=2(2) +1(0) +3(-2)
=4-6 = -2
=6
(a).
Sol: let A=

, X=

and B=

=9(1+1) +1(6-2) +3(-6-2)

=9(2) +1(4) +3(-8)
=18+4-24=22-24=-2
=2

=3

-4

+5

=3(-7+16) -4(14-40) +5(-4+5)

=3(9)-4(-26) +5(1)
=27+10+5
=136

=18

-4

+5

=18(-7+16) -4(91-160) +5(-26+20)

=18(9)-4(-69) +5(-6)
=162+276-30
=408

=2(6-2) -9(1-1) +3(2-6)

=2(4) +1(0) +3(-24)
=8-12=-4
=2
=2(2+6) +1(2-6) +9(-1-1)
=2(8) +1(-4) +9(-2)
=16-4-18
=16-22=-6
x=

=1, y=

, z=

, X=

and B=

x=1, y=2 and z=3.

(c). A=
=1

=3

-18

+5

=3(91-160) -18(14-40) +5(40-65)

=3(-69)-18(-26) +5(-25)
=-207+468 -125
=136

=3

-4

+18

=3(-20+26) -4(40-65) +5(-4+5)

=3(6)-4(-25)+5(1)
=18+100+18
=136
x=

, y=

, z=

=1(-5-7) -1(-2-14) +1(2-10)

=1(-12) -1(-16) +1(-8)
=-12+16-8=- 4
=9
=9(-5-7) -1(-52-0) +1(52-0)
=9(-12) -1(-52) +1(52)
=-108+52+52
=-108+104=-4
=

=1

=1(-52-0) -9(-2-14) +1(0-104)

=1(-52) -9(-16) +1(-104)

Matrices
=-52+144-104
=-156+144=-12

AdjA=
=1

=1(0-52) -1(0-104) +9(2-10)

=1(-52) -1(-104) +9(-8)
=-52+104-72
=-124+104=-20
x=

=1, y=

, z=

x=1, y=3 and z=5.

(d). A=

, X=

and B=

AdjA =

=2
DetA=
2(9)-4(-26) +5(1)
=136

=2(-8-1) +1(4-3) +3(-1-6)

=2(-9) +1(1) +3(-7)
=--18+1-21
=-38

A-1=
X=A-1.B

=8

=8(-8-1) +1(-16-0) +3(4-0)

=8(-9) +1(-16) +3(4)
=-72-16+12
=-76

=2
==

=2(-16-0) -8(4-3) +3(0-12)

=2(-16) -8(1) +3(-12)
=-32-8-36
=-76

(b). Sol: let A=

And A-1=

=2(0-4+1(0-12+8(-1-6)
=2(-4) +1(-12) +8(-7)
=-8-12-56
=76
=2, y=

=2

, z=

x=2, y=2 and z=2.

Matrix inversion method:
(a). A=
AX=BX=A-1.B
And A-1=

, X=

AX=BX=A-1.B

=2

x=

x=3, y=1 and z=1.

, X=

=2(1+1) +1(1-1) +3(-1-1)

=2(2) +1(0) +3(-2)
=4-6 = -2
AdjA=

and B=
=

and B=

Matrices
=
=
==

x=1, y=3 and z=5.

AdjA =
(d).let A=

, X=

and B=

A-1=
=2

X=A-1.B

=2(-8-1) +1(4-3) +3(-1-6)

=2(-9) +1(1) +3(-7)
=--18+1-21
=-38

AdjA=
==
(c). A=

x=1, y=2 and z=3

, X=
=1

=1(-5-7) -1(-2-14) +1(2-10)

=1(-12) -1(-16) +1(-8)
=-12+16-8=- 4
AdjA=

and B=

AdjA =
A-1=
X=A-1.B

AdjA =

==

A-1=
X=A-1.B
=

x=2, y=2 and z=2.

Matrices