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LAQ (2 ) C (-2, 2) lies on S=0 (-2)2+ (2)2+2g (-2) +2f (2) +c=0 -4g + 4f +c = - 8. Solving eqn & 2g + 2f +c =-2 -12g +c =-36 14g+2f =34 Solving eqn & 14g+2f =34 4g+2f=14 10g=20 g=2 & -12g +0 +c =-36 -4g + 4f +c =-8 -8g-4f=-28. sub f value in eqn 14g+2f =34 14(2) +2f =34 2f= -28 f=3

1) Find the equation of the equation of the circle passing through the points 1. (1, 1), (2, -1), (3, 2) 2. (5, 7), (8, 1), (1, 3) 3. (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6) Sol: let the equation of the required circle be x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. (1, 1) lies on S=0 (1)2+ (1)2+2g (1) +2f (1) +c=0 2g + 2f +c =-2.. (2, -1) lies on S=0 (2)2+ (-1)2+2g (2) +2f (-1) +c=0 4g - 2f +c =-5.. (3, 2) lies on S=0 (3)2+ (2)2+2g (3) +2f (2) +c=0 6g + 4f +c =-13. Solving eqn & 2g + 2f +c =-2 4g - 2f +c =-5 -2g+4f =3 Solving eqn & -2g+4f =3 -2g-6f=8 10f=-5 f=Sub the value of g and f in eqn 2 ( ) + 2(- ) +c =-2 -5-1+c=-2 c=4 the required eqn of the circle is x2+y2-5x-y+4=0. {Ans: of 2 and 3 3(x2+y2)-29x-19y+56=0, x2+y2-22x-4y+25=0,} 2) Show that the four points (1, 1), (-6, 0), (-2, 2), and (-2, -8) are concyclic and find the equation of the circle on which they lie. {H/W (ii)(9,1), (7, 9), (-2, 12), &(6, 10)} Sol: let the equation of the required circle be x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. A (1, 1) lies on S=0 (1)2+ (1)2+2g (1) +2f (1) +c=0 2g + 2f +c =-2.. B (-6, 0) lies on S=0 (-6)2+ (0)2+2g (-6) +2f (0) +c=0 -12g +c =-36.. & 4g - 2f +c =-5 6g + 4f +c =-13 -2g-6f=8. sub f value in eqn -2g+4( g= ) =3 -2g=3+2

Sub the value of g and f in eqn 2 ( ) + 2( ) +c =-2 4+6+c=-2c=-12 the required eqn of the circle is x2+y2+4x+6y-12=0. Now substituting D (-2, -8) in the above eqn, we have (-2)2+(-8)2+4(-2)+6(-8)-12 =4+64-8-48-12 =68-68 =0 D (-2, -8) lies on the circle given 4 points are concyclic. 3) If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) are concyclic, and then find the value of c.{H/w (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6), (c, 8)} Sol: let the equation of the required circle be x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. A (2, 0) lies on S=0 (2)2+ (0)2+2g (2) +2f (0) +c=0 4g +k=-4.. B (0, 1) lies on S=0 (0)2+ (1)2+2g (0) +2f (1) +c=0 2f +k =-1.. C (4, 5) lies on S=0 (4)2+ (5)2+2g (4) +2f (5) +c=0 8g + 10f +k =-41.

Solving eqn & 4g + 0 + k =-4 0 + 2f +k =-1 4g - 2f =-3

& 0 + 2f + k =-1 8g + 10f +k =-41 -8g-8f=40.

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Solving eqn & 4g-2f =-3 -4g-4f=20 -6f=17 f=sub f value in eqn 4g-2( 4g=-3 g= g=) =-3 From eqn 4g+3f+24=0 4g+3(-4)=-24 4g=-24+12 4g=-12g=-3 From (1) 8g + 2f +c =-17 8(-3)+2(-4)+c=-17 c=-17+24+8 C=15 Required eqn of the circle is x2+y2-6x-8y+15=0. 5) Find the equation of the circles whose centre lies on X-axis and passing through (-2, 3) and (4, 5). Sol: Sol: let the equation of the required circle be x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. (-2, 3) lies on S=0 (-2)2+ (3)2+2g (-2) +2f (3) +c=0 -4g + 6f +c =-13.. (4, 5) lies on S=0 (4)2+ (5)2+2g (4) +2f (5) +c=0 8g +10f+c =-41.. Solving eqn & -4g + 6f +c =-13 8g +10f+c =-41 -12g-4f = 28. Given centre (-g, -f) lies on X- axis -f=0 or f=0 -12g-0=28 g=Substituting f=0,g=-7/3 in eqn (1) -4g + 6f +c =-13 -4( ) +6(0) +c=-13 C=-13C= Required eqn of the circle is x2+y2+2( )x+2(0)y+( )=0. 3 x2+3y2-14x-67=0. 6) Show that the circles touch each other. Also find the point of contact and common tangent at this point of contact. a) x2+y2-6x-2y+1=0, x2+y2+2x-8y+13=0. Sol: given equation of the circles S x2+y2-6x-2y+1=0, and

Sub the value of g and f in eqn 4g +k=-4 4 () +k=-4

the required eqn of the circle is x2+y2+2( )x+2( )y+ =0. given 4 points are concyclic, D (0, c) lies on the above circle 3(0)2+3(c)2-13(0)-17(c)+14=0 3c2-17c+14=0 3c2-3c-14c+14=0 3c(c-1)-14(c-1) =0 (c-1) (3c-14) =0 (c-1) =0 or (3c-14) =0 c=1, c= 4) Find the equation of the equation of the circle passing through the points (4, 1), (6, 5) and whose centre lies on {H/W (2, -3), (-4, 5) and 4x+3y+1=0, (4, 1), (6, 5), and 4x+y-16=0} Sol: let the equation of the required circle be x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. (4, 1) lies on S=0 (4)2+ (1)2+2g (4) +2f (1) +c=0 8g + 2f +c =-17.. (6, 5) lies on S=0 (6)2+ (5)2+2g (6) +2f (5) +c=0 12g +10f+c =-61.. Solving eqn & 8g + 2f +c =-17 12g +10f+c =-61 -4g-8f = 44. Given centre (-g, -f) lies on 4x+3y-16=0 4 (-g) +3(-f)-24=0 4g+3f+24=0 Solving eqn & -4g-8f = 44 4g+3f=-24 -5f = 20 f=-4 3x2+3y2-13x-17y+14=0

Centre C1= (3, 1) And r =

C2 (-1, 4)

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r1=( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P=0 =0 1 0 1=0 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=5

The equation to the pair of transverse common tangents through P(1,9/2) to the circle S is ( ) ( ) Where ( )=

given two circles touch externally The point of contact P divides i th r ti r r (1, ) 0 ( ) =0 1 0 1 =, . / 0 =, 0 0 1 , , {4 =, Centre C1= (2, 5) And r = r1=( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) C2 (-2, 3) 3 =0 - =, } - =, -0 1 =, 1 1 - 0( ) ( ) . / ( ) . /

P=0

1=0

( )

( )

( )

1 1 ( )

Equation of common tangent at point of contact is the radical axis of the circles S-S=0 (x2+y2-6x-2y+1=0)- ( x2 -8x+6y-12=0 Or 4x-3y+6=0. 7) Find the equation of the pair of transverse common tangents to the circles x2+y2-4x-10y+28=0, x2+y2+4x-6y+4=0. Sol: Sol: given equation of the circles S x2+y2-4x-10y+28=0, and ) =0

1 -0 1 -0 1 -

x2+y2-4x-6y-12=0, x2+y2+6x+18y+26=0.(H/W) 8) Find the equation of direct common tangents to the circles x2+y2+22x-4y-100=0, x2+y2-22x+4y+100=0. Sol: given equation of the circles S x2+y2+22x-4y-100=0, and

= Centre C1= (-11, 2) C2 (11,-2)

There exist two transverse common tangents Internal centre of similitude P divides i th r ti r r r1=(

And r = ) ( )

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( ) ( ) The centres ( ) ( ) ( ) = Slope of (1) = - ( ) =2 Slope of line ( ) ( ) ( )

There exist two direct common tangents External centre of similitude Q divides i th r ti r r

The centres =. 0 1 0 1/

Q=0 =0 1 0

1 =0 1

( )

= {1 ( ) } = (1-2, 1+3) and (1+2, 1-3) = (-1, 4) and (3, -2) Eqn of the circle with ( ( ) ( ( (

) ) ) )

The equation to the pair of direct common tangents through Q(22, -4) to the circle S is ( ) ( ) Where ( , ( =, ( , =, , , , {121 =, 21 =0 - =, - =, - =, -, -, -, } -, ) ( ) ( -,( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ) )=(22, -4)

Eqn of the circle with ( )

10) Show that the poles of tangents to the circle x2+y2=r2 w.r.to the circle (x + a) 2+y2=2a2 lie on y2+4ax=0. Sol: Let P(x1, y1) be the pole of tangents of the circle x2+y2=r2 w. r. to the circle S (x + a) 2+y2=2a2 x 2+y2 +2ax-a2=0 Now the polar of p w.r.t to S=0 is S1=0 xx1+yy1+a(x+x1) - a2=0 x(x1+a) +yy1+ (ax1- a2) =0.. (1) ( )

( ) *( ) *( *( ) ( ) ( ) The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is y2+4ax=0 11) If are the angles of inclination of tangents through a point p to the circle x2+y2=r2, then find locus of p when cot =k. Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2=r2. (1) : Let P(x1, y1) be the any point on the locus Equation of tangent through p with slope m is Y= This passes through P(x1, y1) = ( ) ( S.OB ) ( )

( ) +

) +

9) Find the equation of the circles which touch 2x-3y+1=0 at (1, 1) and having radius . Sol: given two circles touch the line ( ) ( )

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) ) ( ) ( ) ( Where m1, m2 be the slopes of the tangents which make angles m1=tan m2=tan Given cot t =k. ( ) The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is ( ) 12) If the chord of contact of a point P with respect to the circle x2+y2=a2 cut the circle at A and B such that AOB =900 then show that P lies on the circle x2+y2=2a2. Sol: Given circle x2+y2=a2... (1) Let p(x1, y1) be a point and let the chord of contact of it cut the circle in A and B such that AOB=900. The equation of the chord of contact of p(x1, y1) with respect to (1) sis xx1+yy1-a2=0.. (2) The equation to the pair of lines OA and OB is given by x2+y2-a2. Or ( / ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Since AOB=900, we have the coefficient of ( ) ( ) + + + 14) Show that the area of the triangle formed by the two tangents through p(x1, y1) to the circles S x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 and the chord of contact of p with respect to S=0 is of the circle.
( )

, where r is the radius

1.

SAQ: Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x2+y2-4x+6y-12=0 which are parallel to
Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2-4x+6y-12=0 Centre (2, -3) and radius (r) = ( ) ( ) = The given line x+y( ) Any line parallel to the above line is ( ) If (2) touches the given circle then r = distance from (2, -3)
( ) ( )

(k-1) = k r quir d q

ft

ts r

2.

Find the equation of the tangent to x2+y2-2x+4y=0 at (3, -1). Also find the equation of tangent parallel to it.
Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2( ) Centre (1, -2) and radius (r) = ( ) ( ) = The equation of tangent at (3, -1) is x(3)+y(-1)-1(x+3)+2(y-1)=0 ( ) ( ) R quir d q f th t g to (2) is ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) )

Hence the point p(x1, y1) lies on the circle x2+y2=2a2.

13) Prove that the combined equation of the pair of tangents drawn from an external point p ( ) to the circle S=0 is .
Sol: given that p ( ) is an external point on S=0 let AB be the chord of contact of P to the circle S=0 and its equation is Let Q ( ) be any point on the locus i.e. , be a point on the pair of tangents the ratio that the line AB divides PQ can be determined in 2ways : (1) PB:QB is equal to (2) The line Points p ( ), Q (

tt ( ) ) (

d it is p r ll l )

3.

( )

Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x2+y2+2x-2y-3=0 which are perpendicular to Sol: given equation of the circle

) in the ratio-

( )

x2+y2+2x-2y( ) Centre (-1, 1) and radius (r) = ( ) ( ) = The given Any line to the above line is ( )

From (1), (2) we get

Hence the equation of the locus of Q ( .* ( ) replaced by (x, y)}

) is

( ) Since (3) is tangent to (1) r = distance from (-1, 1)

( ) ( )

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H k r quir d q ft g ts r ( ) ( )

4.

Show that the line 5x+12y-4=0 touches the circle x2+y2-6x+4y+12=0, also find the point of contact. Sol: given equation of the line 5x+12y-4=0 and
equation of the circle x2+y2-6x+4y+12=0 Centre (3, -2) and radius (r) = ( ) ( ) = If given line touches the given circle then radius of circle = distance from centre (3, -2) to given line d
( ) ( ) ( ( ) )

7.

Find the area of the triangle formed by the normal at (3, -4) to the circle x2+y2+22x-4y+25=0 with the coordinate axes.
Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2-22x( ) Centre C (11, 2) = (-g, -f) Given point A (3, -4) = ( ) The equation of the normal is ( )( ) ( )( ( )( ) ( )(

r d th giv

str ight li

t u h s th giv

ir l

) )

5.

Show that the tangent at (-1, 2)of the circle x2+y2-4x-8y+7=0 touches the circle x2+y2+4x+6y=0 and also find its point of contact. Sol: equation of the tangent at (-1, 2) to the circle 8.
( 1) ( ) ( ( ) For the circle ) ( )

Area of the triangle formed by the normal with the coordinate axes = | | |
( ( ) )

Find the pole of 3x+4y-45=0 with respect to x2+y2-6x-8y+5=0 sol: given equation of the circle
x2+y2-6x( ) Centre (3, 4) and r =( ) ( ) = Given line 3x+4y-45=0 here l=3, m=4 and n=-45 The pole =. =. =.
( ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) )

x2+y2+4x+6y=0

centre (-2, -3), r

=( ) ( ) = Distance from centre (-2, -3) to given line (1)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

/ /

so the line

(1) also touches the ( )

2nd

circle. ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ) )

)=(6. 8)

( ( (

9.

If a point P is moving such that the lengths of tangents from P to the circle x2+y2-6x-4y-12=0 and x2+y2+6x+18y+26=0 are in the ratio 2:3 the find the equation of the locus of p. Sol: let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus and PT1,
PT2 be the lengths of tangents from p to the given circles, and then we have

Coordinate of point of contact =(1, -1.)

( ( ( ) ) ) =0 th qu ti f l us f p is 5x2+5y2-78x-108y-212=0 S.O.B

6.

Find the equations of normal to the circle x2+y24x+6y+11=0 at (3, 2) also find the other point where normal meets the circle
Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2-4x( ) Centre C (2, 3) = (-g, -f) Given point A (3, 2) = ( ) The equation of the normal is ( )( ) ( )( ( )( ) ( )( the circle is mid point of A and B 0 1 ( )

) ) centre of

10. Find the length of chord intercepted by the circle x2+y2-8x-2y-8=0 on the line x+y+1=0. Sol: given equation of the circle
x2+y2-8x-2y( ) ) ( ) = Centre (4, 1) and r =(

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Given line x+y+1=0 Distance from centre (-2, -3) to given line (1)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=2

Centre (-g, -f) = ( And r=

( (

length of chord intercepted by the circle is 2 = 2

) ) ( )

11. Find the equation of the circle with centre (-2, 3) cutting a chord length 2 units on 3x+4y+4=0.
Sol: given centre C (-2, 3) Given equation of the chord ( ) d= Distance from centre C (-2, 3) to given line (1) d=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( =
) )

=c

Given length of chord 2 =1 (d=2)

=2 2 Find centre and radius of x2+y2+6x+8y-96=0.

R quir d q f th ir l is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x2+y2+6x+8y-96=0. Compare with x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. Centre (-g, -f) = (-3, -4) Radius r= = =( ) ( )

x2+y2+4x-6y+8=0 12. Find the equation of pair of tangents drawn from (0, 0) to x2+y2+10x+10y+40=0
Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2+10x+ ( ) P(x1, y1= (0, 0) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 02+02+10(0) +10(0) +40=40 ( 25( * * * ) ) ( x2+y2+10x+10y+40)( ) ( x2+y2+10x+10y+40)( ) + +

Find the length of the tangent from (3, 3) to the circle x2+y2+6x+8y+26=0. Sol: Given equation of the circle is x2+y2+6x+8y+26=0. Length of the tangent from (3, 3) = = ( ) ( ) =

13. Find the value of k if kx+3y-1=0, 2x+y+5=0 are conjugate lines with respect to the circle x2+y2-2x-4y-4=0. ) Sol: condition is (
( ( ( ( ) ( ) ( k ) (-k-5) (-9) k k k K )( )( ( ) ) ( ) ) )

Find the power of the point (3, 4) w. r. t the circle x2+y2-4x-6y-12=0. Sol: Given equation of the circle is x2+y2-4x-6y-12=0. Power of the point is ( ) ( ) =9+16-12-24-12=-23.

Find centre and radius of 3x2+3y2-6x+4y-4=0. Sol: Given equation of the circle is 3x2+3y2-6x+4y-4=0. . / = . ( )

VSAQ Find centre and radius of circles given by

1 m2
Sol:

y 2 2cx 2mcy 0

Given equation of the circle

If length of tangent from (2,5) to the circle is , then find k. Sol: Length of the tangent from (2, 5) = ( ) ( )

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S.O.B k=-2 Obtain parametric equation of the circle If x2+y2-6x+4y-12=0, x2+y2+6x+8y-96=0. Sol: centre (3, -2), c=-12 And r= ( ) = Parametric equation of the circle X= s , si s 8 x2+y2+2x-4y-47=0. 15 Find the equation of circle passing through (0, 0) and having centre (-4, -3). Sol: given centre C (-4, -3), point on the circle P(0, 0) Radius (r) =CP=( ) ( ) = equation of the circle with centre (-4, -3) and radius is ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 x +y +8x+6y+16+9-25=0. x2+y2+8x+6y=0. 16 Find the equation of the circle passing through (2, 3) and concentric with

si

If x2+y2-4x+6y+c=0 represents a circle with radius 6, find the value of c. Sol: centre (2, -3) and

x 2 y 2 8 x 12 y 15 0 .
Sol: equation of the circle concentric with x2+y2+8x+12y+15=0, is in the form x2+y2+8x+12y+k=0. Since it is passes through (2, 3) 4+9+16+36+k=0 65+ k=0 k=-65 required eqn of the circle is x2+y2+8x+12y-65=0, 17 Find the pole of x + y + 2 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 4x + 6y 12 = 0. Sol: 18 Show that the points (4, -2), (3, -6) are conjugate w.r.to the circle x2+y2=24. ) ( ) Sol: ( (4) (3) + (-2) (-6)-24 12+12 -24=0 19 If (4, k), (2, 3) are conjugate points with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = 17 then find k. ) ( ) Sol: (

r= ( ) = S.O.B 13+c=36 =23. 9 If x2+y2-4x+6y+a=0 represents a circle with radius 4, find the value of a. Sol: 10 If x2+y2+6-8y+c=0 represents a circle with radius 6, find the value of c. Sol: 11 If x2+y2+ax+by-12=0 is a circle with centre (2, 3), find the value of a, b and radius. Sol: x2+y2+2ax+2by-12=0 Since centre (- , - ) = (2, 3) a=-4 and b=-6 Radius r= ( ) = = 12 If 3x2+2hxy+by2-5x+2y-3=0 represents a circle, find a, b. Sol: If ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0 represents a circle then a=b and h=0 b=3 and h=0 13 Find the equation of the circle with (1, 2), (4, 5) as ends of a diameter. Sol: the equation of the circle with ( ), ( ), as ends of a diameter. Is (x- ) (x- ) +(y- ) (y- ) =0 (x-1)(x-4)+(y-2)(y-5)=0 14 Find the equation of circle passing through (5, 6) and having centre (-1, 2). Sol: given centre C (-1, 2), point on the circle P(5, 6) Radius (r) =CP=( ) ( ) = equation of the circle with centre (-1, 2) and radius is ( ) ( ) ( ) x2+y2+2x-4y+5-52=0.

(4) (2) + (k) (3) =17 8+ 3k =17 3k = 17 8 3k = 9 k=3. 20. Show that the line

Sol: the straight line x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. ( ( ) ( ) )

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