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Calculation and Analysis of the Coupling Eects of High Voltage Transmission Lines in Joint-use Corridors Shared by Multi-systems
Jun Zhu, Xiaobin Cao, Zihui Zhao, Li Chen, and Guangning Wu School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, China

Abstract Electromagnetic coupling eects among transmission lines threaten the stability
and reliability of each system, which the corridor is shared by. This paper investigates the eects of various parameters on the electromagnetic interference among transmission lines in detail. The inuencing factors include erection parameters, soil parameters and operation parameters of power system. A multi-conductor transmission line model is established to calculate the coupling eects of transmission lines with EMTP. The model consists of 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission lines and 1000 kV one-circuit AC transmission lines. And then, the eects of various parameters on the generated interferences are analyzed, when 1000 kV AC transmission lines are de-energized. The general rules of induction components among transmission lines changing with dierent parameters are obtained. This paper provides an insight on how to make the safe distance of transmission lines in the corridors. 1. INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of economy and society, joint-use corridors shared by multi-system have the characteristic of saving land, which is occupied by power, communication, transportation and energy transport systems. Meanwhile, in order to meet energy demand, UHV transmission lines are gradually put into use. This leads to the load current and fault current of transmission lines increased signicantly, and exacerbates the electromagnetic coupling eects among transmission lines in joint-use corridors. So the electromagnetic interference threatens the stability and reliability of each system in the corridors. In order to ensure each system operating safely in the corridors, many countries have started research and have developed regulations and standards [1, 2]. Researchers mainly study on the coupling eects among parallel transmission lines. The generation mechanism of electromagnetic induction components between two parallel conductors was analyzed in [3] and [4]. These papers described a method of calculating the transverse voltage caused by electric eld induction based on charge equivalent method. The electromagnetic interference among parallel transmission lines was analyzed in [5] and [6]. These papers pointed out that the induced longitudinal EMF increases with the parallel length in approximate direct proportion. But, all the research above is not concerning the electromagnetic interference among multi-circuit lines. Transmission lines in the corridor are close to each other, so the electromagnetic interference level is more serious. This threatens reliable operation of each system and the safety of line maintenance. It is necessary to study on the electromagnetic induction among lines in the corridors, and analyze the general rules of induction components changing with dierent parameters.
2. SYSTEM SITUATION AND SIMULATION MODEL

This paper mainly studies on the general rules of induction components among lines changing with dierent parameters, so there is no need to correspond with the actual lines. Typical erection situation and line parameters are conrmed from relevant articles. Then, a parallel transmission lines system has been set up, as shown in Fig. 1(a). The total length of transmission lines in parallel is l (km), and the separation distance between 500 kV and 1000 kV ac transmission lines is d (m). A cross section of the joint-use corridor is shown in Fig. 1(b), and various parameters of transmission lines in the common corridor were given by [6] and [7] in detail. This paper adopts nine-phase line to simulate 500 kV double-circuit ac transmission lines on the same tower in parallel with 1000 kV one-circuit ac transmission lines with EMTP.

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500 kV AC TL

1000 kV AC TL

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: 500 kV double-circuit ac TL on the same tower in parallel with 1000 kV one-circuit ac TL. (a) Parallel transmission lines system. (b) Cross section of parallel transmission lines system.

Figure 2: Relation between transverse voltage and length of parallel lines (d = 40 m, h = 38.5 m, = 100 m).

Figure 3: Relation between transverse voltage and separation distance (l = 60 km, h = 38.5 m, = 100 m).

3. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION COMPONENT ON 1000 KV DE-ENERGIZED LINES 3.1. Transverse Voltage Due to Electric-eld Induction

When 1000 kV ac transmission lines are de-energized and insulated against ground, the transverse voltage is generated in every phase of UHV transmission lines due to electric-eld induction. The rules of transverse voltage changing with length of parallel lines and separate distance are respectively shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The length of parallel lines is varying from 20 m to 140 m, and separeted distance from 40 m to 190 m.
3.2. Longitudinal EMF and Induced Current Due to Magnetic-eld Induction

When 1000 kV ac transmission lines are de-energized and grounded at a single terminal or at two terminals, the longitudinal EMF and induced current are generated in every phase of UHV transmission lines due to magnetic-eld induction. The rules of longitudinal EMF and induced current changing with parallel length, separation distance, soil resistivity and current in energized lines are respectively shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7. Parallel length is varying from 20 m to 140 m, separeted distance from 40 m to 190 m, soil resistivity from 10 m to 105 m, and current from 400 A to 3000 A in every phase.
4. DISCUSSION

The eects of various parameters on the generated electromagnetic interference are discussed in this section. The parallel transmission line system described in Section 2 is taken as an example to analyze. All the calculation results are the induced interferences on the A phase conductor of 1000 kV lines with neighboring 500 kV ac lines in the steady state.

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Figure 4: Relation between longitudinal EMF/induced current and length of parallel lines. (d = 40 m, h = 38.5 m, = 100 m, I = 1000 A).

Figure 5: Relation between Longitudinal EMF/induced current and separation distance. (l = 60 km, h = 38.5 m, = 100 m, I = 1000 A).

Figure 6: Relation between longitudinal EMF/induced current and soil resistivity. (l = 60 km, d = 40 m, h = 38.5 m, I = 1000 A).

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Relation between electromagnetic induction components and length of parallel lines is shown in Figs. 2 and 4. The transverse voltage does not vary with the parallel length markedly, while the longitudinal EMF increases with the parallel length and do not present direct proportion. When the de-energized lines are grounded at two terminals, the current amplitude is very large. So, when the de-energized lines are maintained, it is important to take measures to reduce the current amplitude in the grounding loop.
4.2. Separation Distance

Relation between the electromagnetic induction components and separation distance is shown in Figs. 3 and 5. With the increase of separation distance, all the components above decrease and do not present direct proportion. The eects of separation distance upon the electromagnetic induction components on the A phase conductor are shown in Tab. 1. When the distance is smaller than 80 m, all components are very large and decrease rapidly with the increase of separation distance. When the distance is larger than 80 m, all components are small and decrease slowly with the increase of separation distance. So transmission lines in the corridors should keep a certain distance. In this paper, the separation distance is suggested to be larger than 80 m in the parallel transmission line system.

Figure 7: Relation between longitudinal EMF/induced current and current in 500 kV TL. (l = 60 km, d = 40 m, h = 38.5 m, = 100 m). Table 1: Eects of separation distance upon the electromagnetic induction components on A phase conductor. Separation Distance (m) Transverse Voltage (kV) Longitudinal EMF (kV) Induced Current (A) 40 30.6 0.95 42.1 60 10.3 0.26 10.9 80 5.63 0.14 5.11 100 3.71 0.11 3.46 120 2.63 0.1 2.76 140 1.94 0.098 2.38 160 1.49 0.093 2.12 180 1.17 0.088 1.94

Table 2: Eects of soil resistivity upon the electromagnetic induction components on the A phase conductor. Soil Resistivity ( m) Longitudinal EMF (V) Induced Current (A) Soil Resistivity ( m) Longitudinal EMF (V) Induced Current (A) 10 983.9 44.7 103 919.9 40.3 20 973.7 43.8 2 103 910.2 39.9 50 961.1 42.8 5 103 897.4 39.4 80 954.7 42.3 8 103 890.8 39.1 102 951.6 42.1 104 887.7 39.0 2 102 942.1 41.5 2 104 877.9 38.7 5 102 929.5 40.8 5 104 865.1 38.4 8 102 923.0 40.4 8 104 858.5 38.2

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4.3. Soil Resistivity

Relation between the induced longitudinal EMF/current and soil resistivity is shown in Fig. 6. With the increase of soil resistivity, the longitudinal EMFs and induced currents in each phase of 1000 kV ac transmission lines present dierent trends, and are slightly aected by it. The eects of soil resistivity upon the electromagnetic induction components on the A phase conductor are shown in Tab. 2. While the variation range of soil resistivity is in the same order of magnitude, the induction components change slightly. While the variation range exceeds one order of magnitude, the induction components are changed obviously. It is because that the mutual impedances between transmission lines change with soil resistivity. The formulas of the mutual impedance and the complex depth are shown in [5]. It is obviously obtained that the complex depth of earth return current circuit is very large in power frequency. While the variation range of soil resistivity is in the same order of magnitude, the complex depth changes slightly. Therefore, the mutual impedance is essentially constant, leading to the induction components changing slightly. While the variation range of soil resistivity exceeds one order of magnitude, even reaching several orders of magnitude, the complex depth changes in several orders of magnitude. Thus, the mutual impedance changes greatly, leading to the induction components changing obviously.
4.4. Current in Energized Lines

Relation between the induced longitudinal EMF/current and current in energized lines is shown in Fig. 7. The induced longitudinal EMF and induced current increased with current of 500kV lines in approximate direct proportion.
5. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the electromagnetic coupling eects of HV transmission lines in the corridors have been studies with a computing model established in EMTP. From the calculation results, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. The transverse voltage does not vary with the parallel length markedly, while the longitudinal EMF increases with the parallel length and do not present direct proportion. 2. The induced current is very large and essentially constant with parallel length. It is important to take measures to reduce the current amplitude in the grounding loop when de-energized lines are maintained. 3. All the induction components decrease and do not present direct proportion with separation distance increased. When the distance is larger than 80 m, all components are small and decrease slowly with the increase of separation distance. Thus, the separation distance is suggested to larger than 80 m in the parallel transmission line system of this paper. 4. With the increase of soil resistivity, the longitudinal EMFs and induced currents in each phase of 1000 kV ac transmission lines present dierent trends, and are slightly aected by it. While the variation range of soil resistivity is in the same order of magnitude, the induction components change slightly. While the variation range exceeds one order of magnitude, the induction components are changed obviously. 5. The induced longitudinal EMF and induced current increased with current of energized lines in approximate direct proportion.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank Professor Guangning Wu in Southwest Jiaotong University for kindly comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the International Cooperation Ministry of Science and Technology PRC (Grant No. 2009DFA72230).
REFERENCES

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4. Horton, R. and K. Wallace, Induced voltage and current in parallel transmission lines: Causes and concerns, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 4, 23392346, 2008. 5. Tang, J., R. Zeng, H. Ma, et al., Analysis of electromagnetic interference on dc line from parallel AC line in close proximity, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2401 2408, 2007. 6. Ban, L., X. Wang, H. Bai, et al., Simulative analysis of induced voltages and currents among multi circuit 220 kV and 500 kV transmission lines on same tower, Power System Technology, Vol. 33, No. 6, 4549, 2009. 7. Li, X., W. Jiang, T. Li, et al., Inuence of AC transmission lines on parallelly erected UHVDC transmission lines and suppression measures, Power System Technology, Vol. 32, No. 11, 16, 2008.