MOTOR STARTING ANALYSIS

A. INTRODUCTION Motor starting study should be done before purchasing power transformer and cables. In the course of the analysis, the motor starting current and method of starting will be decided. Motor terminal voltage as well as torque requirement should be analyzed at the same time. A complete motor starting analysis consists of voltage drop and acceleration calculations. In the initial study, typical motor data shall be used. These data shall be updated when vendor data are made available. B. WHEN TO CONDUCT A MOTOR STARTING ANALYSIS 1) Transformer self-cooled KVA rating is less than three times the largest motor KVA rating. 2) Motor feeder reduces the short-circuit KVA to less than eight times the motor-starting KVA. 3) Ratio of bus short-circuit KVA to motor-starting KVA is less than 8 times. 4) Voltage drop restriction imposed by the Utility (usually limited at 2%). 5) Presence of high inertia load. C. CORRECTING FOR EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE DROP 1) Use a motor with lower starting current. 2) Connect to a system with a higher short-circuit MVA. 3) Use a power transformer with lower impedance. 4) Use a reduced voltage starter or soft starter. 5) Install a capacitor bank. D. FORMULAE 1)
0 1 2 0 1

Z new

POWERBASEnew = POWERBASEold

VLold VLnew

Z old

2) VALR = I LR VMOTOR 3 3) XL of Running Load,

0

XL =

VABASE VAL

4) Torque is directly proportional to the square of voltage.

E. SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 Given: In Fig. 1, determine the voltages at the utility and motor terminal at the instant when the motor is started.

FIG. 1: DIAGRAM FOR CAPTIVE LOAD

Solution: At 400MVA power base; 13.8KV, and 2.4KV Voltage bases;

0 1

XU = 1 XT = XM 400 ( 0.065) = 17.33 1.5

2

400 106 2.3 = = 49.846 1850 2300 3 2.4

1 I ST =

VTOTAL 1 = = 0.01466 0 X 1 + 17 . 33 + 49 . 846 1

1

VTU = 01 VTOTAL 01 X U ( 01 I ST ) = 1 1( 0.01446) = 0.9853

Voltage level at the Utility = 0.9853(13.8) = 13.597KV

VTM = 01 VTOTAL 01 I ST ( 01 X U + 01 X T ) = 1 0.01446(1 + 17.33) = 0.73128

Voltage level at the Motor Terminal = 0.73128(2.4) = 1.755KV

F. EXAMPLE NO. 2 For system with running load, the diagram is as shown below

The per unit impedance for the running load is shown in formula no. 3.