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LESSON PLAN Subject: Chemistry Form: 4 SN 2 Number of Students: 30 Date of Lesson: 10 August 2012 (Friday) Time: 11.

20 am- 12.30 am Title of Lesson: Acids and Bases Learning Objectives: In the end of the lesson, students can be able to: 1) State the meaning of acids, base and alkali. 2) State the uses of acids, bases and alkalis in daily life. 3) Explain the role of water in the formation of hydrogen ions to show the properties of acids. 4) Explain the role of water in the formation of hydroxide ions to show the properties of alkalis. 5) Describe the chemical properties of acids and alkalis.

6) State the use of a pH scale. 7) Relate pH values with acidic or alkaline properties of a substance. 8) Relate the concentration of hydrogen ions with pH values 9) Relate the concentration of hydroxide ions with pH values Content: 1) Acids and bases Students Prior Knowledge: 1) Students known that acids and bases can be found in food.

Noble Values: 1) Cooperativeness Materials/Resources: 1) Module: Teaching and learning Chemistry Form 4 Set Induction (5 minutes): Teacher asks students to give few example of daily product that they used consist of acid and alkalis. From students respond teacher tells students that there are many things is life consist of acids and alkalis like soap, food and toothpaste. Later, teacher tells students that they will start a new chapter of acids and bases. Development (50 minutes): Step Step 1 (7 minutes) Teacher Activity Teacher asks students what they can define as acid. Student Activity Students should tell that an acid is a substance that can produce hydrogen ion. Teacher Materials/Notes

Teacher later explains acid based on the Arrhenius definition.

From teacher explanations, students should state acid based on Arrhenius definition: Acid is a chemical substance which ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+.

Teacher also shows to the students the formation of hydroxonium ion, H3O+

Students later could explain the formation of hydroxonium ion, H3O+

Step

Teacher Activity Teacher later generates students idea by telling them that there are monoprotic and diprotic acid and asks them to think how an acid can be categories as monoprotic and diprotic.

Student Activity Students should state that monoprotic acid is the acid that donates one proton during the ionization while diprotic acid is the acid that donates two protons during the ionization.

Teacher Materials/Notes

Step 2 (5 minutes)

Teacher asks students are bases Students should tell that bases and alkalis are same. and alkalis are different.

Teacher tells students to define bases.

Students should give the Arrhenius definition of base: Base is a chemical substance that ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ion, OH-.

Students later should define alkali is a base which soluble In addition, teacher tells students that all oxides and hydroxides of metals are bases. in water.

Step 3 (3 minutes)

Teacher asks students to list the use of acids, bases and alkalis.

Students should list all the uses of acids, bases and alkalis.

Step Step 4 (5 minutes)

Teacher Activity Teacher generates students ideas to relate the role of water in formation of hydrogen ions, H+.

Student Activity Students should relate that acids will show its acidic properties when dissolve in water as in water, acid will ionize to form hydrogen ion, H+.

Teacher Materials/Notes

Teacher explains to the students that acid cannot show its acidic properties without water as acid still stay as molecule. Step 5 (3 minutes) As students can state the role of water in formation of hydrogen ions, H+ teacher later asks students to state the role of water in formation of hydroxide ion, OH . Step 6 (12 minutes) Teacher tells the students that acid and base have their own properties.
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Students should know that in organic solvent acid such as hydrochloric acid, HCl would exist as molecule and not ions.

Students should state that in water, alkalis will ionize to form hydroxide ion, OH- and this hydroxide ion OH- is the characteristic of an alkali.

Students should list and understand the chemical properties of acid and base.

For students to have good understanding of the chemical properties for both acids and alkalis, teacher gives chemical equations of the reactions involving acids and alkalis.

Chemical properties of acid: 1) Acids react with base to form salt and water. 2) Acids react with reactive metal to produce salts and hydrogen gas. 3) Acids react with carbonate to produce salt, water and

Step

Teacher Activity

Students Activity carbon dioxides gas.

Teacher Materials/Notes

Chemical properties of alkali: 1) Alkalis react with acids to form salt and water 2) Reaction of alkali with ammonium salt will release ammonia gas, NH3 when the mixture is heated. 3) Most metal hydroxides are insoluble in water. Addition of alkali will form a precipitate insoluble metal hydroxide. Step 7 (15 minutes) Teacher asks students to state the use of pH scale. Students should state that pH scale is used to indicate the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Teacher also asks students to state pH range.

Students should state that pH range is from 0 to 14. 1) 0 to 6 indicate for acid 2) 7 indicate for neutral 3) 8 to 14 indicate for alkali

From the pH scale, teacher shows the relationship of pH values and the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ and hydroxide ions, OH-.

Students should also know that pH value is the measurement of concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ and hydroxide ions, OH-.

Step

Teacher Activity

Student Activity Students also should state that when lowering pH value, the concentration of hydrogen ions H+ is high and when the pH value is higher, the concentration of hydroxide ions OH- is high.

Teacher Materials/Notes

Evaluation (10 minutes): Teacher gives questions to the students to answer: A student is given three types of substance P, Q, and R Substance P: Hydrochloric acid solution Substance Q: Glacial Ethanoic acid

Substance R: Ammonia solution a) Which substance will release carbon dioxide gas when added with solid sodium carbonate? b) Which substance has a bitter taste? c) Give three physical properties of substance P d) Why is the presence of water important for an acid to enable it to show its acidity? e) Write a chemical equation when magnesium powder is added to substance P Conclusion (5minutes): To conclude the lesson, teacher recalls student memories by defining acids, bases and alkalis. Teacher also states the role of water in formation of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in showing properties of acids and alkalis. In addition, teacher states back the use of pH scale. Assignment: 1) Quick review A, page 120 2) Quick review B, page 123

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