Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2008
Lincoln County
ROUGH DRAFT
Section I
Overview of Lincoln County
Lincoln County is
one of 105 counties
of the sunflower
state located in the
north central part
of Kansas. The
county seat is the
City of Lincoln.
2
LINCOLN COUNTY
Population Estimates
Lincoln County has a population of 3,285 as of July 1, 2007 (US Census Bureau). The
population decreased by 8.19% from the year 2000 to 2007. As per the 2000 census
survey, population of the county was 3,578 with median age of 43.7 years. In 2000,
Lincoln County had 18.5% of its population under the age of 15 years, 19.1% in the age
group 15 to 34 years, 34.1% in the age group 35 years to 59 years and 28.4% of
population above 60 years of age.
3
LINCOLN COUNTY
3,050,000
2,550,000
2,050,000
1,550,000
Kansas
1,050,000
550,000
50,000
12,000
Lincoln
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Source: US census Bureau
Figure 1: Population Change in the Last Century
4
LINCOLN COUNTY
Household Income
Median household income for Lincoln County is $32,322 (2005) which is 24.59% less
than the state median income. The median household income for Lincoln County has
declined by 10.75% from 2000 to 2005, and the rate is more than the rate at which the
state median income has declined at 9.9%
$60,000
$47,622
$50,000 $42,861
$40,000 $36,215
$32,322
$30,000 Lincoln
$20,000 Kansas
$10,000
$0
Median household income in 2005 Median household income in 1999
Poverty Rates
The current poverty rate for Lincoln County is less than that of the state. In 2000,
Lincoln County’s poverty rate was 9.7% which increased to 11.9% in 2005. The poverty
rate for Kansas in the same period went from 8.9% to 11.7%.
1
Value 2005 dollars term calculated using CPI inflation calculator available at Bureau of Labor Statistics website
http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl. The CPI inflation calculator uses the average Consumer Price Index for a given
calendar year. This data represents changes in prices of all goods and services purchased for consumption by urban
households. This index value has been calculated every year since 1913. For the current year, the latest monthly
index value is used (www.bls.gov).
5
LINC
COLN COUN
NTY
Labor Force
F
Lincoln County’s cu urrent unemmployment rate is 3.8% % which is less than the
t state ra ate of
4.1%. The
T total lab bor force fo
or the counnty declinedd by 4.7% in the last five years, and
along wiith that the unemploye ed labor force also decclined by 14
4.8% in the last five ye
ears.
4%
Employed
Unemployed
96%
F
Figure 3: Employed
E a Unemp
and ployed Lab
bor Force in
i Lincoln County
6
LINCOLN COUNTY
Educational Attainment
About eighty-five percent of the population above the age of 25 has at least a high
school degree. 26.3% of the population above the age of twenty-five had some college
education, and 23.1% hold an associate or college degree.
7
LINCOLN COUNTY
More than seventy-three percent of the labor force work in the county itself. The
maximum outflow of workers from Lincoln County is to Saline County (176 workers
commute to Saline County for work). Also, another 98 workers commute to Ellsworth
from Lincoln County.
8
LINCOLN COUNTY
9
LINCOLN COUNTY
The maximum inflow of workers into the Lincoln County is from Mitchell County. Forty-
one workers commute to Lincoln County from Mitchell County for work, and thirty come
from Ellsworth County. In total 126 workers commute to Lincoln County for work.
10
LINCOLN COUNTY
11
Section – II
Industry Analysis
LINCOLN COUNTY
Industry Analysis
Industry employment (number of jobs) decreased by 4.14% from 1990 to 2007 in Lincoln County. Average pay (after
adjusting for inflation) has grown at a rate of 4.99%, and number of establishments in the same period increased by
around 2.48%.
Table 9: Annual Covered Employment & Wages2 over Time (NAICS) – Lincoln County
Average Pay in Terms of
Year Establishments Employment Average Annual Pay
20073 Dollars (adj*)
1990 121 991 $12,406 $19,681
1991 120 993 $12,881 $19,609
1992 123 1004 $12,746 $18,837
1993 126 986 $13,421 $19,258
1994 129 1000 $13,998 $19,584
1995 128 1003 $14,231 $19,361
1996 125 1020 $14,248 $18,829
1997 120 1023 $14,566 $18,817
1998 123 1076 $14,864 $18,908
1999 127 1086 $15,408 $19,176
2
Covered Employment & Wages (CEW) also known as ES202 data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program, the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program, also known as the ES-202 program. The data are derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by state
and federal unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). The summaries are a result of the administration of state
unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI.
(www.bls.gov).
3
Average wages in 2007 dollars term were calculated using CPI inflation calculator available at Bureau of Labor Statistics website http://data.bls.gov/cgi-
bin/cpicalc.pl. The CPI inflation calculator uses the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This data represents changes in prices of all goods
and services purchased for consumption by urban households. This index value has been calculated every year since 1913. For the current year, the latest
monthly index value is used (www.bls.gov).
13
LINCOLN COUNTY
14
LINCOLN COUNTY
Establishments
129
128
130
127
126
125
125
125
125
124
124
124
123
123
125
121
120
120
120
118
120
115
110
1086
Employment
1076
1023
1020
1005
1004
1003
1000
1200
993
991
986
971
951
950
949
939
897
887
1000
800
600
400
200
0
$20,426
$20,663
Average Pay in terms of 2007
$20,314
$20,286
$21,000
$19,754
$19,707
$19,681
$19,620
$19,609
$19,584
$19,398
$19,361
$20,500
$19,258
$19,176
$18,908
$18,837
$18,829
$20,000 $18,817
$19,500
$19,000
$18,500
$18,000
$17,500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Figure 7: Change in Establishments, Employment and Average Annual Wages in the County
15
LINCOLN COUNTY
Retail Trade and Public Administration are sectors with the most establishments in Lincoln County. There are twenty
establishments in the Retail Trade sector and nineteen in Public Administration. Public Administration also has the
maximum number of jobs (187). The highest paid sector is the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services sector with
annual average wages of $46,269. Other high wage paying sectors are: Construction (annual average wages of $29,723),
Finance & Insurance (annual average wages of $29,286) and Transportation & Warehousing (annual average wages of
$28,044).
Table 10: Industry Distribution of Establishments, Jobs, and Average Wages – Lincoln County
Industry Distribution of Establishments, Jobs & Average Wages (2007) Establishments Jobs Annual Average Wages
Total Covered Employment and Wages 124 950 $20,663
Private 95 511 $19,678
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 4 26 $22,128
Mining 1 N
Utilities NA NA NA
Construction 12 90 $29,723
Manufacturing 1 N N
Wholesale Trade 10 77 $22,402
Retail Trade 20 98 $11,207
Transportation and Warehousing 7 29 $28,044
Information 3 N N
Finance and Insurance 8 47 $29,286
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing NA NA NA
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 8 16 $46,269
Management of Companies and Enterprises NA NA NA
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation 5 30 $20,773
Services
Educational Services 4 N N
Health Care and Social Assistance 5 N N
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1 N N
Accommodation and Food Services 7 N N
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LINCOLN COUNTY
Industry Distribution of Establishments, Jobs & Average Wages (2007) Establishments Jobs Annual Average Wages
Other Services (except Public Administration) 11 24 $15,413
Public Administration 19 187 $16,880
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) N – Non-disclosed, NA- Not Applicable
Establishments Jobs
17
LINCOLN COUNTY
Agriculture
Annual Average Wage
Mining
Utilities
$46,269
Construction
$50,000
Manufacturing
$45,000 Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
$40,000
Transportation & Warehousing
$29,723
$29,286
$28,044
$35,000 Information
Finance & Insurance
$22,402
$22,128
$30,000
$20,773
Real Estate
$25,000
$16,880
Professional & Technical Services
$15,413
Management of Companies
$20,000 $11,207 Waste Management
$15,000 Educational Services
Health Care & Social Assistance
$10,000
Arts & Entertainment
$5,000 Accommodation & Food Services
Other Services
0
0
0
0
0
0
$0
Public Administration
18
LINCOLN COUNTY
Key Industries
Lincoln County is home to some very well performing industries. These industries may be a part of existing or emerging
clusters. For identifying key industries and clusters, three criteria were used:
1. Location Quotient – Location quotients (LQ) for industries at 6-digit NAICS level were calculated with US industry
employment as base. The cutoff for LQ was taken as 1.25 (based on previous studies, especially Cortright 2003)
2. Average Wages – Average wages at 6-digit NAICS codes were compared to US average wages. If any industry
has average wages 10% above the US average, it is considered to be a good performing industry.
3. Growth Rate – Growth rates for the employment were calculated over three year time period from 2003 to 20064; a
growth rate above 5% is considered to be an indicator of good industry performance.
Any industry that satisfies one of these three conditions is either a good performing industry or an industry with good
potential for growth. There may or may not be a cluster existing in a region for every good performing industry, but if there
are good performing industries, a cluster may emerge in the near future. (For further details of methodology, please see
Appendix B).
The industry satisfying all three of the above stated criteria is Gasoline Stations (except those with convenience stores)
(NAICS 447190). This sector has grown by 8.74% over the last three years, and the wages are around 10% more than
the national average. The location quotient for the sector is 17.67(Table 11).
Table 11: 6 Digit NAICS Codes with High Wages, Location Quotients and Growth Differentials
Higher Wages Growth Location
NAICS NAICS Definition Establishments Employment Average Wages
than Nation Differentials Quotient
447190 Other Gasoline Stations 3 9 $23,026 10.40% 8.74% 17.67
Source: ES202 2006 data, IMPLAN MIG Group
4
There were two reasons for selecting 2003 base year. 1) The numbers were more likely to be free from 9/11 impacts as compared to 2001 or 2002 numbers. 2)
NAICS definitions changed in 2002, so it was very difficult to bridge between 2002 & 1997 codes for some industries.
19
LINCOLN COUNTY
The highest growth rate is for the Highway, Street & Bridge Construction sector and the Farm Supplies Merchant
Wholesalers sector. Out of the top ten highest growth sectors, three are a part of the Local Real Estate, Construction &
Development clusters. These sectors are Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; New Single-Family Housing
Construction (except Operative Builders) and Other Building Material Dealers.
Table 12: Top 10 Industries (6-digit NAICS) with Highest Growth Rates
Establish- Average Growth
NAICS NAICS Definition Employment Cluster
ments Wages Differentials
237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge 1 7 $27,702 91.29% Local Real Estate, Construction
Construction & Development
424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 1 21 $20,953 91.29% Agribusiness, Food Processing
and Technology
561710 Exterminating and Pest Control Services 1 20 $20,934 88.21% Local Commercial Services
236115 New Single-Family Housing 1 25 $22,392 52.86% Local Real Estate, Construction
Construction (except Operative Builders) & Development
541611 Administrative Management Consulting 1 3 $39,804 44.22% Business and Financial
Services Services
446110 Pharmacies and Drug Stores 1 8 $15,473 38.67% Biomedical/Biotechnical (Life
Sciences)
444190 Other Building Material Dealers 1 2 $15,624 25.99% Local Real Estate, Construction
& Development
327991 Cut Stone and Stone Product 1 22 $21,594 19.17% Chemicals and Chemical-based
Manufacturing Products
452990 All Other General Merchandise Stores 1 10 $9,780 18.56% Local Retail Clothing &
Accessories
524210 Insurance Agencies and Brokerages 3 8 $18,462 16.96% Business and Financial
Services
Source: ES202 2006 data, IMPLAN MIG Group
20
LINCOLN COUNTY
The sector Livestock Wholesalers (NAICS 424520) has the highest LQ in Lincoln County of 208.23. Four out of the ten
sectors with high LQ are a part of the Agribusiness cluster. The sectors are Livestock Wholesalers; Farm and Garden
Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Grain and Field Bean Wholesalers and Farm Supplies Merchant
Wholesalers.
Table 13: Top 10 Industries (6-digit NAICS) with Highest Location Quotients
Establish- Average Location
NAICS NAICS Definition Employment Cluster
ments Wages Quotient
424520 Livestock Wholesalers 1 19 $7,537 208.23 Agribusiness, Food Processing
and Technology
327991 Cut Stone and Stone Product 1 22 $21,594 163.70 Chemicals and Chemical-based
Manufacturing Products
423820 Farm and Garden Machinery and 2 27 $33,157 60.76 Agribusiness, Food Processing
Equipment Merchant Wholesalers and Technology
424510 Grain and Field Bean Wholesalers 5 9 $30,808 47.60 Agribusiness, Food Processing
and Technology
561710 Exterminating and Pest Control 1 20 $20,934 46.49 Local Commercial Services
Services
424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 1 21 $20,953 43.91 Agribusiness, Food Processing
and Technology
493130 Farm Product Warehousing and 1 1 $9,828 24.78 Transportation & Logistics
Storage
812210 Funeral Homes and Funeral Services 1 10 $10,583 21.94 Local Health Services
447190 Other Gasoline Stations 3 9 $23,026 17.67 Energy (Fossil and Renewable)
624210 Community Food Services 1 2 $18,201 17.26 Local Health Services
Source: ES202 2006 data, IMPLAN MIG Group
21
LINCOLN COUNTY
The county’s Tax Preparation Services (NAICS 541213) have average wages around 45% higher than the national
averages. This may be because of two reasons – this sector is a well performing industry with higher profits and they pay
higher wages, or there is shortage of labor so to retain employees they have to pay higher wages. The other sector with
higher wages is the Gasoline Stations (except those with convenience stores) sector, with wages about 10% higher than
the national average.
Table 14: Top 10 Industries (6-digit NAICS) with Wages above National Averages
Wages
Average
NAICS NAICS Definition Establishments Employment Compared to Cluster
Wages
Nation5
541213 Tax Preparation Services 1 3 $29,483 45.71% Business and Financial Services
447190 Other Gasoline Stations 3 9 $23,026 10.40% Energy (Fossil and Renewable)
Source: ES202 2006 data, IMPLAN MIG Group
5
Wages compared to nation – the difference in county & national average wages for a particular industry as a percentage of the national average.
22
LINCOLN COUNTY
Shift share analysis breaks down changes in employment (growth or decline) over a period of time into three components:
National Growth Share, Industry Mix Share and Local Share. This analysis is used to account for the competitiveness of a
region’s industries and to analyze the local economic base6.
Local Share
This is the share of growth (decline) in employment in a region that can be attributed to the competitiveness of a
region.
Local Share = Employment in base year *(Region’s industry growth rate – National Industry growth rate)
The industry with the highest local share in growth is the New Single-Family Housing Construction sector. The
employment in the sector increased by 18 jobs, and out of those about 17 can be attributed to local growth (Table 15).
The second highest growth in employment was in the Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers sector. In this industry there
was a net growth of 18 jobs, all of which were attributable to local growth in the region.
6
Pennstate (2003) Using Employment data to better understand your local economy.
23
LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 15: Industries with Highest Local Share of Growth – Shift Share Analysis Lincoln County
NAICS NAICS Definition Net Growth National Growth Share Industry Mix Share Local Share
236115 New Single-Family Housing Construction (except 18 0.37 0.93 16.70
Operative Builders)
424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 18 0.16 -0.18 18.02
561710 Exterminating and Pest Control Services 17 0.16 0.05 16.79
722110 Full-Service Restaurants 11 1.69 0.97 8.34
327991 Cut Stone And Stone Product Manufacturing 9 0.69 3.77 4.54
423820 Farm And Garden Machinery And Equipment 9 0.95 -0.79 8.84
Merchant Wholesalers
541110 Lessors Of Other Non-financial Intangible Assets 7 0.05 -0.04 6.98
237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 6 0.05 -0.02 5.97
446110 Pharmacies And Drug Stores 5 0.16 -0.05 4.89
447110 Gasoline Stations With Convenience Stores 4 0.79 -0.89 4.09
452990 All Other General Merchandise Stores 4 0.32 -0.11 3.80
Data Source: ES202 data, IMPLAN MIG group
24
LINCOLN COUNTY
Traded Clusters
The cluster with highest LQ is the Agribusiness cluster (LQ of 6.84), but it has a low growth rate of 2.79% and wages
about 32% less than the national averages. Other clusters with high LQ are Chemicals & Chemical-based Products (LQ of
2.07) and Energy (LQ of 1.51). The Printing & Publishing cluster has the highest growth rate of 25.99%. Other clusters
with high growth rates are the Energy and Chemical & Chemical-based Products clusters.
25
LINCOLN COUNTY
Printing & Transportation &
Publishing, 0.18 Logistics, 0.4
IT & Telecom, 0.11
Education &
Knowledge Cluster, Energy , 1.51
0.2
Defense and
Security, 0.17
Agribusiness &
Chemicals, 2.07 Food Processing,
6.84
Business & Financial
Services, 0.48
Biomedical/Biotech Arts, Entertainment
nical , 0.92 & Recreation, 0.19
26
LINCOLN COUNTY
27
LINCOLN COUNTY
28
LINCOLN COUNTY
Local Clusters
Lincoln County has a few local sectors with high growth rates and high LQ, but none of the sectors have wages higher
than national averages. The Local Health Services sector has the highest growth rate of about 91% and a LQ of 0.89.
Other sectors with high growth rates are the Local Real Estate, Construction & Development sector (37.95%)and the
Local Retail Clothing & Accessories sector (22.39%). The sectors with high LQ are the Local Financial Services sector
(3.41); Local Utilities (2.76) and Local Retail Clothing & Accessories.
29
LINCOLN COUNTY
30