ECET 2310 (Electronics II) Laboratory Exercise 5 (Revised 5/19/00) Direct-Coupled BJT Amplifiers

In this investigation you will predict the dc and ac performance of two different types of direct-coupled BJT amplifiers. During the lab session you will build a two-stage CE amplifier and a Darlington pair amplifier and measure the actual performance of the two circuits. You should expect reasonable agreement between the predicted performances and the actual performances. PROCEDURE Part A. - Preliminary Calculations For this part, assume that Q1 and Q2 have the following specifications: (Note: some of these specifications may not be needed to perform the required calculations) hFE = hfe = 100 VBE = 0.6 V hib = 26 mV/IE hoe = 10 S

1. Determine the following predicted dc voltages for the direct-coupled two-stage CE amplifier circuit shown in Figure 1: VB1 = _______ VC1 = _______ VE2 = ______ VE1 = _______ VB2 = _______ VC2 = ______

2. Determine the ac voltage gain of the first stage of the circuit shown in Figure 1 (assume the input of this stage is the base of Q1 and the output is the collector of Q1): Av1 = _______ 3. Determine the ac voltage gain of the second stage of the circuit shown in Figure 1 (assume the input of this stage is the base of Q2 and the output is the collector of Q2): Av2 = _______ 4. Determine the overall ac voltage gain of the circuit shown in Figure 1, utilizing the results of steps 2 & 3, Part A. Av(overall) = _______

+24 V

18 k

27 k

10 k

Q1

Q2

1.8 k

2.2 k

3.9 k

Figure 1

[2310-5 page 2/4] 5. Determine the following predicted dc voltages for the Darlington pair amplifier circuit shown in Figure 2: VB1 = _______ VE1 = _______ VE2 = ______

6. Determine the total ac input resistance seen looking into the amplifier shown in Figure 2. Neglect the resistances of the two 100 k resistors for this step. Assume the input of the amplifier is the base of Q1 and the output is the emitter of Q2.

rin = ________
7. Determine the overall ac input resistance seen looking into the amplifier shown in Figure 2. Include the resistance of the two 100 k resistors for this step. Assume the input of the amplifier is the base of Q1 and the output is the emitter of Q2.

rin(stage) = ________
8. Determine the overall ac voltage gain of the Darlington pair amplifier shown in Figure 2. Assume the input of the amplifier is the base of Q1 and the output is the emitter of Q2. Av(overall) = ________ 9. Determine the overall ac current gain of the Darlington pair shown in Figure 2. Ai (overall) = ________

+24 V

100 k Q1 Q2

100 k

2.2 k

Figure 2

[2310-5 page 3/4] Part B. - Performance of the practical direct-coupled amplifiers 1. Build the circuit shown in Figure 1. Measure the following dc voltages: VB1 = _______ VE1 = _______ VC1 = _______ VB2 = _______ VE2 = ______ VC2 = ______

2. Connect one end of a properly oriented 4.7 F capacitor to the base of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure 1. Connect a sinusoidal signal source to the other end of the capacitor and adjust the signal source to 1.0 kHz and some appropriate amplitude which does not produce a distorted waveform at the output of the overall amplifier (the collector of Q2). 3. Sketch and completely label the following waveforms: vb1 , vc1 and vc2 4. Determine the stage gains and the overall amplifier gain utilizing the results of step 3, Part B. Av1 = _______ Av2 = _______ Av(overall) = _______

5. Observe the ac waveform present at the emitter of Q2 and explain why it appears similar to the ac waveform present at the collector of Q1. 6. Build the circuit shown in Figure 2. Measure the following dc voltages: VB1 = _______ VE1 = _______ VE2 = ______

7. Connect one end of a properly oriented 4.7 F capacitor to the base of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure 2. Connect a sinusoidal signal source to the other end of the capacitor and adjust the signal source to 1.0 kHz and some appropriate amplitude which does not produce a distorted waveform at the output of the overall amplifier (the emitter of Q2). 8. Sketch and completely label the following waveforms: vb1 and ve2 9. Determine the overall voltage gain of the amplifier utilizing the results of step 8, Part B. AV(overall) = _______

[2310-5 page 4/4] Calculations and Results 1. Compare the calculated and measured dc voltages for the direct-coupled two-stage CE circuit. Account for any differences. 2. Compare the calculated and measured stage and overall amplifier voltage gains for the two-stage CE circuit. Account for any differences. 3. Compare the calculated and measured dc voltages for the Darlington pair circuit. Account for any differences. 4. Compare the calculated and measured overall amplifier voltage gains for the Darlington pair circuit. Account for any differences. 5. Describe the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of direct coupled amplifiers. Be sure to include integrated circuits in your discussion. 6. Describe the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of the Darlington pair circuit. 7. True direct-coupled amplifiers do not have a lower cutoff frequency, however the practical circuits you constructed did since a capacitor was needed to properly connect the laboratory signal generator to the amplifier. Calculate the lower cutoff frequency of the two-stage CE circuit you constructed in step 2, Part B.

Approved by ________________________ Results due _________ Formal Report?

date _________ Yes No

(revised 5/19/00 - WRH)