..

/
...--
_,-
..
A hydrostatic shoe bearing on a primary autogenous mill. Support ring bore 2500 mm.
Front page:
A Morgardshammar primary auto-
genous mil/6.5 x8.0 m, 3200 kW.
2
. -
A big spherical roller bearing (bore
1800 mm) being erected in its housing.
l.
I
The object of the grinding pro-
cess is a mechanical reduction in size
of crushable material. Grinding can be
undertaken in many ways. The most
common way for high capacity indus-
trial purposes is to use a tumbling
charge of grinding media in a rotating
cylinder or drum. The fragmentation of
the material in that charge occurs
through pressure, impact, and
abrasion.
Grinding is converting energy.
When the grinding charge is forced to
tumble the motor energy is converted
into new particle surface and heat.
An important point for the economy is
that the size of the grinding media
suits the material to be ground.
Introduction
The choice of mill design
depends on the particle size distri-
bution in the feed and in the product
wanted. Often the grinding is more
economic when executed in a primary
step, followed by a secondary step,
giving a fine size product.
Morgardshammar -as experts
in crushing and grinding - can offer a
full range of grinding mill types and
sizes. Our main series are CRRK,
PRRK and CHRK.
C=central trunnion discharge
P=peripherical discharge
R=spherical roller trunnion
bearing, feed end
H=hydrostatic shoe bearing,
feed end
R=spherical roller trunnion
bearing, discharge end
K=ring gear and pinion drive
CRRK is the common type in wet
grinding. The PRRK-series is often
used for dry grinding in rod mills, and
in certain ball mill applications.
Type CHRK is designed for
primary autogenous grinding, where
the large feed opening requires a
hydrostatic trunnion shoe bearing.
Small and batch grinding mills, with a
diameter of 700 mm and more, are
available. These mills are of a special
design and described on special
request.
. ~
3
...
The different types of grinding
mil ls are based on the different types
of tumbling media that can be used:
steel rods (rod mills), steel balls (ball
mills), and rock material (autogenous
mills, pebble mills).
ROD MILLS
The grinding charge in a rod mill
consists of straight steel rods with an
initial diameter of 50-100 mm. The
length of the rods is equal to the shell
length inside the head linings minus
about 150 mm. The rods are fed
through the discharge trunnion
opening. On bigger mills, which
need heavy rods, the rod charging
is made with a pneumatic or manual
operated rod charging device. The mill
must be stopped every day or every
second day for a few minutes in order
to add new rods and at the same time
pick out broken rod pieces.
As the heavy rod charge trans-
mits a considerable force to each rod,
a rod mill can not be built too big. A
shell length above 6100 mm can not
be recommended. As the length to
diameter ratio of the mill should be in
the range of 1 ,2-1 ,5, the biggest rod
mill will convert maximum 1500 kW.
Rod mills are used for primary
grinding of materials with a top size of
20-30 mm (somewhat higher for soft
materials). The production of fines is
low and consequently a rod mill is the
right machine when a steep particle
size distribution curve is desired. A
product with 80% minus 500 microns
can be obtained in an economical
manner.
The CRRK series of wet grinding
rod mills are tabulated on page 12.
4
Mill types
---
Overflow
End peripheral discharge
BALL MILLS
The grinding charge in a ball mill
consist of cast or forged steel balls.
These balls are fed together with the
feed and consequently ball mills can
be in operation for months without
stopping. The ball size is often in
the diameter range of 20-75 mm.
The biggest size is chosen when the
mill is used as a primary grinding mill.
For fine grinding of e.g. sands, balls
can be replaced by cylpebs, which
are heat treated steel cylinders with
a diameter of 12-40 mm and with the
same length as the diameter.
Ball mills are often used as
secondary grinding mills and for
regrinding of middlings in concen-
trators.
Ball mills can be of the overflow
or of the grate discharge type. Over-
flow discharge mills are used when a
product with high specific surface is
wanted, without any respect to the
particle size distribution curve. Over-
flow discharge mills give a final pro-
duct in an open circuit. Grate dis-
charge mills are used when the
PEBBLE MILLS
No steel grinding media is used
in a fully autogenous mill. When
choosing primary autogenous grind-
ing, run of mine ore up to 200-300
mm in size is fed to the mill. When
using a crushing step before the grind-
ing, the crusher setting should be
150-200 mm. The feed trunnion
opening must be large enough to
avoid plugging. The biggest pieces in
mill are important for the size
reduction of middle size pieces, which
in their turn are important for the finer
grinding. Thus the tendency of the
material to be reduced in size by
pressure, impact, and abrasion is a
very important question when primary
autogenous grinding is proposed.
When autogenous grinding is
used in the second grinding step, the
grinding media is size-controlled and
often in the range of 30-70 mm. This
size is called pebbles and screened
out in the crushing station and fed to
the mill in controlled proportion to the
mill power. The pebble weight is 5-25%
of the total feed to the plant, depending
on the strength of the pebbles. Some-
Overflow
grinding energy shall be concentrated
to the coarse particles without
production of slimes. In order to get a
steep particle size distribution curve,
the mill is used in closed circuit with
some kind of classifier and the coarse
particles- known as classifier under-
flow- are recycled. Furthermore, it
should be observed that a grate
discharge ball mill converts about
20% more energy than an overflow
discharge mill with the same shell
dimensions.
Ball mill shells are often furnish-
ed with two manholes.
Ball mills - with small balls or
cylpebs - can produce the finest
product of all tumbling mills. 80%
minus 74 microns is a normal require-
ment from the concentrators.
The CRRK series of wet grinding
ball mills are tabulated on page 12.
Grate discharge
times waste rock of high strength is
used as pebbles.
Pebble mills should always be of
the grate discharge type. The energy
that can be converted in a mill depends
on the total weight of the grinding
charge. Consequently, pebble mills
convert less power per mill volume
unit than rod and ball mills.
High quality steel rods and balls
are a considerable part of the
operating costs. Autogenous grinding
should, therefore, be considered and
tested when a new plant shall be
designed. As a grinding mill is built to
last for decades, it is more important
to watch the operation costs than the
price of the mill installation.
The CRRK series of wet grind-
ing pebble mills are tabulated on
page 13.
5
Grinding wet or dry
Wet grinding is definitely the
most usual method of grinding miner-
als as it incorporates many advan-
tages compared to dry grinding. A
requirement is, however, that water is
available and that waste water, that
can not be recirculated, can be remov-
ed from the plant without any envi-
ronmental problems. Generally, the
choice depends on whether the
following processing is wet or dry.
When grinding to a certain
specific surface area, wet grinding has
a lower power demand than dry
grinding. On the other hand, the wear
of mill lining and grinding media is
lower in dry grinding. Thus dry
grinding can be less costly.
A closed circuit dry grinding
system is very space consuming be-
cause of the classifier, the transport
devices, the dedusting filter, etc.
The feed to a dry grinding
system must be dried if the moisture
content is high. A ball mill is more
sensitive to clogging than a rod mill.
An air stream through the mill can
reduce the moisture content and
thus make a dry grinding possible in
certain applications.
A rod mill has a reduced capa-
city when used for dry grinding. The
material is hindered by the rods when
passing from the feed end to the
discharge area. Peripheral discharge
is recommended.
Due to the hindering effect that
the ball charge gives to the material
flow in dry grinding, the ball charge is
not more than 28-35% of the mill
volume. This should be compared
with 40-45% in wet grinding. The
expression used for this phenome-
non is that the charge in a dry grind-
ing mill is swollen.
Big dry grinding ball mills are
often two-compartment mills, with
big balls in the first compartment and
small balls or cylpebs in the second
ohe. An extra grate wall is used to
separate the two charges.
The temperature can increase
considerably in dry grinding mills, and
rubber lining should not be considered.
The efficiency of wet grinding is
affected by the percentage of solids.
If the pulp is too thick, the grinding
media becomes covered by too thick
a layer of material, which hinders grind-
ing. The opposite effect may be
obtained if the dilution is too high, and
this may also reduce the grinding
efficiency. A high degree of dilution
may sometimes be desirable in order
to suppress excessive slime forma-
tion.
Data given for tabulated mill
sizes on pages 12-13 are in respect
of wet grinding. Corresponding data
for dry grinding are given upon
request.
The need of grinding power
The specific power required for
a certain grinding operation, usually
expressed in kWh/ ton, is a function of
both the increase in the specific sur-
face of the material (expressed in
cm
2
/ cm
3
or cm
2
/ g) and of the grinding
resistance of the material. This can be
expressed by the formula
E = c (S-So)
where c is a material constant repre-
senting the grinding resistance, and
So and S are the specific surfaces of the
material before and after the grinding
operation respectively. The formula is
an expression of Rittinger' s Law which
is shown by tests to be reasonably
accurate up to a specific surface of
10,000 em / cm
3
.
When the grinding resistance c
has been determined by trial grinding
to laboratory scale, the net power E
required for each grinding stage desired
may be determined by the formula,
at least as long as Rittinger' s Law
is valid. If grinding is to be carried out
not to a certain specific surfaceS but
to a certain particle size k, the corre-
lation between Sand k must be deter-
mined. The particle size is often
6
expressed in terms of "particle size at
e.g. 95, 90 or 80% quantity passing"
and is denoted kgs, kgo or kso.
When the screen analyses for
the raw material and the product
respectively are known, the gross mill
power required may be calculated by
the following formula proposed by
J. Bond:
E = Eo (1 {10o - 1 (106 )
v ~ p v ~
where E = the specific power con-
sumption expressed in
kWh/short ton.
Eo = a proportionality and work
factor called "work index"
ksop = particle size of the product
at 80% passage (micron)
ksor = the corresponding value
for the raw material
(micron)
The value of Eo is a function of
the physical properties of the raw
material, the screen analyses of the
product and raw material respectively,
and the size of the mill. The value for
easily-ground materials is around 7,
while for materials that have a high
grinding resistance the value is
around 17.
Eo is correlated to a certain
reduction ratio, mill diameter etc.
Corrections must be made for each
case.
The simplest method of calculat-
ing the specific power consumption
is test grinding in a laboratory mill,
and comparison of the results with a
known reference material. The sample
is ground in batches for 3, 6, 12 ...
minutes, a screen analysis is carried
out after each period, after which the
specific surface is determined. A good
estimate of the grinding characte-
ristics of the sample can be obtained
by comparison of the specific surfaces
with corresponding values for the
reference material.
When the net power required
has been determined, an allowance is
made for mechanical losses. The
gross power requirement thus arrived
at , should with a satisfactory margin
be utilised by the mill selected.
Mill speed and grinding charge volume
The critical speed of a rotating
mill is the RPM at which a grinding
medium will begin to "centrifuge,
namely will start rotating with the mill
and therefore cease to carry out
useful work. This will occur at an RPM
of ncr, which may be determined by
the formula
42.3
n cr = RPM
y-o-
where Dis the inside diameter in
meters of the mill.
When calculating the weight of
the grinding medium charge weight,
the voids ratio for rods may be taken
to be 30% and for balls 42%.
The weight per volume will thus be
for steel rods approx. 5.5 t/m
3
for steel balls approx. 4.6 t/m
3
For coarse grinding in rod mills, the
rods used have a diameter of 50-1 00
mm and their lengths are approx. 150
mm below the effective inside shell
length. Rods will break when they have
been worn down to about 20 mm and
broken rods must from time to time
be taken out of the mill since otherwise
they will reduce the mill capacity and
may cause blockage through piling up.
The first rod charge should also
contain a number of rods of smaller
diameter.
It may be necessary to charge
the mill with rods of smaller diameter
when fine grinding is to be carried out
in a rod mill. Experience shows that
the size of the grinding media should
bear a definite relationship to the size
of both the raw material and the fini-
shed product in order that optimum
grinding may be achieved. The largest
grinding media must be able to crush
and grind the largest pieces of rock,
while on the other hand the grinding
media should be as small as possible
since the total active surface increas-
es in inverse proportion to the
diameter.
Mills are driven in practice at a
speed.corresponding to 60-80% of
the critical speed, the choice of speed
being influenced by economical
considerations. Within that range the
power is nearly proportional to the
speed.
The charge volume in the case
of rod and ball mills is a measure of
the proportion of the mill body that is
filled by rods or balls. When the mill is
stationary, raw material and liquid
should fill the voids between the
Grinding media
Olewski states that the suitable
largest ball diameter in mm can be
calculated from the formula
D = 6 Yd log d k
where d is the size of the largest
particle in mm in the feed and dk is the
size of the largest particle in microns
in the product.
The initial charge should how-
ever include balls of several smaller
sizes than the maximum. A usual rule
is that the weights of the different ball
diameters should be in proportion to
these diameters.
Example:
A crushed mineral whose largest
particles pass a screen with 25 x 25
mm apertures shall be ground to
approx. 95% passing 0.1 mm in a
2.9x3.2 m ball mill of 35 ton charge
weight. In accordance with
formula
D = 6 h5 log 1 00 = 60
that is, the. largest balls in the first
charge should be 60 mm diameter.
If we assume that the mill will in addi-
tion be charged with 50, 40 and 30 mm
balls, the distribution will be
Ball diameter Diameter Percentages Weight
(mm) ratio (tons)
60 6 33.3 11 .7
50 5 27.8 9.7
40 4 22.2 7.8
30 3 16.7 5.8
Totals 18 100.0 35.5
grinding media, in order that these
should be fully utilized.
Maximum mill efficiency is
reached at a charge volume of
approximately 55%, but for a number
of reasons 45-50% is seldom exceed-
ed. The efficiency curve is in any
case quite flat about the maximum.
In overflow mills the charge volume is
usually 40%, while there is a greater
choice in the case of grate discharge
mills.
Once the grinding operation has
reached a steady condition, only the
largest ball size - as given above - will
normally be charged.
Grinding media wear away
because of the attrition they are sub-
jected to in the course of the grinding
operation, and in addition a continuous
reduction in weight takes place owing
to corrosion. The rate of wear will in
the first place depend on the abrasive
properties of the mineral being ground
and naturally also on the hardness of
the grinding media themselves.
The wear of rods and balls is
usually quoted in grammes per ton of
material processed (dry weight) and
normal values may lie between 100
and 1500 g/ ton. Considerably higher
wear figures may however be experi -
enced in fine wet grinding of e.g. very
hard siliceous sand.
A somewhat more accurate way
of expressing wear is to state the
amount of gross kWh of grinding
power required to consume 1 kg of
grinding media. A normal value in wet
grinding is 15 kWh/ kg.
The wear figures in dry grinding
are only 1 0- 30 %of the above.
7
As may be seen on the figure
opposite, the power required to drive
the mill is, in the equilibrium condition,
N = c W Rg n KW
where c is a constant which, inter alia,
takes into consideration the mean
slope a of the charge,
W is the weight in kp of the charge
n is the RPM
Rg is the distance in metres of the
centre of gravity from the mill
centre
If N is taken to be the gross mill
power, values of the factor c in wet
grinding mills will be
rod mills 1/ 1800
ball mills, grate discharge 1 / 1200
ball mills, overflow type 1/ 1470
pebble mills 1/ 1200
W for rod and ball mills shall be
taken as the weight of the rod or ball
The diagram gives the values of
the quantity Rg/ d as a function of the
charge volume, the assumption being
that the charge has a plane surface
and is homogeneous. d is the inside
diameter of the mill in metres. The
variation of the quantity a/ d, where a
is the distance between the surface
of the charge and the mill centre, is
also shown in the same figure.
8
Mill power
charge, i. e. the weight of the pulp is to
be ignored. For pebble mills therefore
W is to be calculated on the basis of
the bulk weight of the pebbles.
a
d
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,10
~
I"
"'
"'

"'

~
~
"
Values of power consumption
stated in the tables pages 12-13 have
been calculated using the above
formula.
It should be pointed out that
factor "c" in the formula is a function of
both the shape of the inner lining
(lifter height etc.) and the RPM. The
formula is however valid with sufficient
accuracy for normal speeds and
types of lining.
f
~ _ /
..._...,
Tp
d
'""
""' ..........
~
~
~ d
.........
"

"
""
"'
I'(
10 20 30 40 50 %
Morgardshammar mill design
Morgardshammar started to
design and deliver grinding mills in the
beginning of the century. Today the
mills are computer designed and
manufactured in big plants with
modern machinery.
In order to keep manufacturing
costs at a minimum level, Morgards-
hammar has a series of standard mill
diameters up to and including 6.5 m.
Shell length, however, can be varied
and tailor made for each appl ication.
The sizes selected are shown on the
tables on page 12-13 and cover the
power range of 200-5000 kW.
SHELL
Shells with a diameter of up to
about 4 m are made in one piece.
Above this dimension, the shell is
divided into a number of identical
pieces, bolted together at site, in
order to facilitate the transport. The
shell is rolled and welded from steel
plate and is fitted with welded flanges
of the same material. The flanges are
machined in order to provide them
with locating surfaces fitting into the
respective heads. The shells of ball
and pebble mills are provided with
2 manholes with closely fitting covers.
The shells have drilled holes for
different types of linings.
HEADS AND TRUNNIONS
Heads with a diameter of up to
about 4 m are integral cast with the
trunnion in one piece. Above this
diameter the trunnion is made as a
separate part bolted to the head. The
head can then be divided in 2 or 4
pieces for easy transport and the pieces
are bolted together at site. The mate-
rial is cast steel or nodular iron. The
heads and the trunnions have drilled
holes for the lining.
TRUNNION BEARINGS
Spherical roller (antifriction)
bearings are normally used. They
offer the most modern and reliable
technology and have been used for
many years. They are delivered with
housings in a new design with ample
labyrinth seals.
For very large trunnions or
heavy mills, i.e. for primary auto-
genous grinding mills, Morgardsham-

mar uses hydrostatic shoe bearings.
They have many of the same advan-
tages as roller bearings. They work
with circulating oil under pressure.
SHORT TRUNNION
The spherical roller bearing and
the hydrostatic shoe bearing take a
very limited axial space compared to
a conventional sleeve bearing. This
means that the lever of the bearing
load is short. Furthermore, the
bending moment on the head is small
and as a result of this, the stress and
deformation of the head are reduced.
Ask Morgardshammar for
special literature on trunnion bearings.
RING GEAR
Ring gears are often supplied
with spur gears. They are always split
in 2 or 4 pieces in order to facilitate
the assembly. Furthermore, they are
symmetrical and can be turned round
in order to make use of both tooth
flanks. The material is cast steel or
nodular iron. They are designed in
accordance with AGMA.
The ring gear may be mounted
on either the feed or the discharge
head. It is fitted with a welded plate
guard.
PINION
The pinion and the counter
shaft are integral forged and heat
treated of high quality steel. For mill
power exceeding about 2500 kW two
pinions are used, one on each side of
the mill (double-drive) . The pinion is
supported on two spherical roller
bearings.
LUBRICATION SYSTEMS
The trunnion bearings are lubri -
cated by means of a small motor-
driven grease lubricator. The gear ring
is lubricated through a spray lubri-
cating system, connected to the elec-
tric and pneumatic lines. The spray
nozzles are mounted on a panel on
the gear ring guard.
MILL liNING
In order to protect the parts of
the mill that come into contact with
the material being ground, a replace-
able lining of wear-resistant material is
fitted. This may take the form of
unalloyed or alloyed rolled or cast
steel , heat treated if required, or rub-
ber of the appropriate wear resistant
quality. White cast iron, unalloyed or
alloyed with nickel (Ni-hard) , may also
be used.
The shape of the mill lining is
often of Lorain-type, consisting of
plates held in place between lifter bars
(or key bars) of suitable height bolted
on to the shell. This system is used i.a.
of all well-known manufacturers of
rubber linings. Ball mills and auto-
genous mills with metal lining also can
be provided with single or double
waved plates without lifter bars.
In grate discharge mills the grate
and the discharge lifters are a part of
the lining. The grate plates with
tapered slots or holes are of metal or
rubber design. The discharge lifters
are fabricated steel with thick rubber
coating. Rubber layer for metal linings
and heavy corner pieces of rubber
are included in a Morgardshammar
delivery as well as attaching bolts,
washers, seal rings, and self-locking
nuts. A Morgardshammar overflow mill
can be converted into a grate discharge
mill only by changing some liner parts
and without any change of the mill.
Trunnion liners are rubber
coated fabricated steel or cast steel.
In grate discharge mills the center
cone and the trunnion liner form one
piece.
FEED AND DISCHARGE
ARRANGEMENTS
Spout feeders of Ni-hard have
grown popular during the last decade.
Feed boxes of fabricated steel with
spout feeders can be carried on
flanged wheels on rails, thus making
disconnecting very easy.
Drum feeders are often used
when the flow into the mill is limited.
This type of feeder has an inside
coating of wear rubber.
Scoop feeders in combination
with drum feeders are used when
retaining oversize from a spiral or
rake classifier. As hydrocyclons are
used in most closed grinding circuits
the spout feeders are used most
frequently.
Vibrating feeders or screw
feeders are used when charging feed
to dry grinding mills.
Trommel screens are used to
protect slurry pumps and other
transport equipment from tramp iron.
Screens can have perforated rubber
sheets or wire mesh. The trommel
screens are bolted to the discharge
trunnion lining.
9
A pebble mill for silica grinding.
. .
10
A primary autogenous mil/5.9x8.5 min an iron ore concen-
trator.
A primary autogenous mil/6.5x8.0 min a zinc ore concen-
trator .
'
.,
I
r
Erection of grinding mills in an African iron ore concentrator.
A rubber lining in an autogenous mill.
11
Data
ROD MILLS TYPE CRRK FOR WET GRINDING
Size Diameter Shell length 1. Critical Mill speed 2. Mill
CRRK inside shell over flanges ~ p e e d volume
mm mm
2436 2400 3600
2736 2700 3600
2940 2900 4000
3243 3250 4300
3549 3500 4900
3849 3800 4900
4254 4150 5400
4260 4150 6000
4560 4500 6000
1. According to formula
42.3
....a- , where d is equal to internal shell
diameter within new liners.
In this case the thickness used was 60
mm for small mill sizes up to and in-
cluding 2940 and 80 mm for larger mills.
2. Volume of the cylindrical mill
proper within new liners.
%of
RPM critical RPM
mJ
28 64.5 18 14.2
26.3 64.5 17 18.2
25.4 61 15.5 23.5
24.5 60.5 14.8 29
23.1 60.5 14 41 .5
22.2 60 13.3 49.3
21 .2 60 12.7 65
21.2 60 12.7 73
20.3 60 12.2 85
3. Rod length as shown in last
column and a bulk weight of
5.5 kg/ dm
3
.
4. According to the empirical
formula P = WRgn (kW), where
1800
n is mill speed, Rg the radius of the
centre of gravity and W the charge
BALL MILLS TYPE CRRK FOR WET GRINDING
3. Charge 4. Power cal- 5. Rod
weight culated for length
at45 % 45 % charge
ton kW mm
33 180 3300
43 250 3300
55 310 3700
70 400 4000
98 605 4600
118 750 4600
154 1030 5000
174 1160 5600
205 1420 5600
weight (kg) according to the table.
Rg=0.235d at 45 per cent charge
volume.
5. Rod length 150 mm shorter
than available space between head
liners.
Ask Morgardshammar for dry
grinding rod mills and mills for special
applications.
Size Diameter Shell length 1. Critical 2.Mill 3. Mill 4. Mill 5.Charge 5. Charge 6. Power 7. Power
CRRK inside over flanges speed
shell
mm mm RPM
2436 2400 3600 28
2736 2700 3600 26.3
2940 2900 4000 25.4
3243 3250 4300 24.4
3549 3500 4900 23.1
3853 3800 5300 22.1
4260 4150 6000 21 .1
4565 4500 6500 20.3
4960 4900 6000 19.4
5360 5300 6000 18.6
5375 5300 7500 18.6
1. According to formula n =
4
~ ,
where d is equal to internal shell dia-
meter within new liners.
In this case the thickness used was 60
mm for small mill sizes up to and in-
. eluding size 2939 and 75 mm for larger
mills.
2. Approximately 75 per cent of
critical speed.
3. Volume of the cylindrical mill
proper within new liners.
12
speed volume volume grate weight
overflow discharge overflow
RPM
mJ mJ
ton
21 14.2 13.5 26
19.7 18.2 17.2 33.5
19 23.5 22.4 43.2
18.3 29.3 27.5 53.9
17.3 41 .8 39.6 76.9
16.6 53.9 51 .2 99
15.8 73.5 70.3 135.2
15.2 94.3 90.6 173.5
14.5 103.6 99.2 190.6
13.9 121.8 116.6 224.1
13.9 153 147.8 281 .5
4. Same as 3 but with a length
deduction of 300 mm (up to and in-
cluding size 2939) or 400 mm (from
size 3236 and up) for the discharge
chamber.
5. At a bulk weight for balls of
4.6 kg/ dm
3
and a charge volume of 40
per cent for overflow and 45 per cent
for discharge mills.
6. According to the empirical
formula P = WRgn (kW) , where n is
1470
weight grate calculated calculated
discharge overflow grate discharge
ton kW kW
27.6 215 260
35.6 295 355
46 395 475
57 515 615
82 775 930
107 1040 1270
145.5 1480 1800
187.5 1990 2430
205.3 2280 2770
241 .3 2780 3380
305.9 3500 4300
mill speed, Rg the radius of the centre
of gravity and W the charge weight (kg)
according to the table. Rg = 0.255d at
40 per cent charge volume.
7. According to the empirical
formula P = WRgn (kW). where
1200
Rg = 0.235 d at 45 per cent charge
volume. See further note 6.
Ask Morgardshammar for dry
grinding ball mills and mills for special
applications.
PEBBLE MILLS TYPE CRRK (CHRK) FOR WET GRINDING
Size Diameter Shell length 1. Critical 2. Mill 3. Mill Charge
CRRK inside shell over flanges speed speed volume volume
mm mm
3236 3150 3600
3538 3500 3800
3841 3800 4100
4245 4150 4500
4548 4500 4800
4952 4900 5200
5356 5300 5600
5370 5300 7000
5962 5900 6200
5980 5900 8000
6575 6500 7500
6590 6500 9000
1. According to formula n =
4
~ ,
where d is equal to internal shell dia-
meter (m) within new liners. 75 mm was
used as liner thickness.
2. Approximately 75 per cent of
critical speed.
RIGHT-HAND MILL
at45 %
RPM RPM
m3 m3
24.4 18.3 22.6 10.2
23.1 17.3 30 13.5
22.1 16.6 38.7 17.4
21 .1 15.8 51 .5 23.2
20.3 15.2 65.4 29.4
19.4 14.5 85 38.2
18.6 13.9 108 48.6
18.6 13.9 137.4 61 .8
17.6 13.2 150.5 67.7
17.6 13.2 197.2 88.7
16.8 12.6 224.7 101
16.8 12.6 272.2 122.5
3. Volume of the cylindrical mill
proper within new liners with half-worn
liners according to note 1.
4. At a bulk weight of 2.5 kg/ dm
3
for the grinding pebbles.
The sketch shows the meaning of the
terms "/eft-hand mill" and "right-hand
mill".
4. Charge 5. Power
weight calculated
at 45 %
ton kW
25.5 275
33.8 385
43.5 515
58 720
73.5 950
95.5 1290
121.5 1700
154.5 2170
169.2 2520
221 .7 3300
252.5 3960
306.2 4800
5. According to the empirical
formula p = WRgn (kW) , where
1200
n is mill speed, Rg the radius of the
centre of gravity (m) and W the charge
weight (kg) . At 45 per cent charge
volume Rg is equal to 0.235 d, where d
is the internal diameter (m) .
LEFT-HAND MILL
13
Accessories
Morgardshammar has designed
a series of single stage speed
reducers, which makes it possible to
drive the mills by motors with a
synchronous speed of 750-1000 RPM.
Inching units for slow rotation of
the mills are also furnished.
Rods to the rod mills are charg-
ed by means of manual or automatic
rod charges.
Erection cradles on hydraulic
jacks are used when erecting medium
or big size mills at site.
Ask Morgardshammar for
special bulletins on these accessories.
Grease mist lubricator for the gear ring (left) and grease
lubricator for the trunnion bearings (right).
14
L
...
)
Sieve scales
ISO and
Tyler
DIN 4188
mm
mesh inch mm
22,4 - 0,883 22,4
16 - 0,624 15,8
11 ,2 - 0,441 11 ,2
8 2,5 0,312 7,9
5,6 3,5 0,221 5,6
4 5 0,156 3,96
2,8 7 O,Q10 2,54
2 9 0,078 1,98
1,4 12 0,055 1,39
1 16 0,039 0,990
0,710 24 0,0276 0,701
0,500 32 0,0195 0,495
0,355 42 O,Q138 0,350
0,250 60 0,0097 0,246
0,180 80 0,0069 0,175
- 100 0,0058 0,147
0,125 115 0,0049 0,124
- 150 0,0041 0,104
0,90 170 0,0035 0,088
- 200 0,0029 0,073
0,63 250 0,0024 0,060
0,45 325 0,0017 0,043
- 400 0,0015 0,038
Measures
Direct Convert
factor
Length
0.30480 Feet to meters (m)
25.4001 Inches to millimeters (mm)
Mass
0.9072 Short tons to metric tons (t)
0.4536 Pounds to kilograms (kg)
Volume
3.7854 US Gallons to liters (I)
4.5461 Imp. Gallons to liters
0.02832 Cu. feet to cu. meter (m
3
)
Power
0.746 Amer HP to kilowatt (kW)
0.735 Eur. HP to kilowatt
Inertia
Reverse Metric (SI) system
factor
3.2808 1m= 10 dm = 100 em
0.03937 1 em = 10 mm = 10000 micron
1 .1 023 1 t = 1 000 kg
2.2046 1 kg = 1 000 g
0.2642 1 m
3
= 1 000 I
0.2200 1 I = 1 dm
3
= 1 000 cm
3
35.317
1.34
1.36
1 MW = 1000 kW
1 kW = 1000W
0.04214 LbsFt
2
(WR
2
) to kgm
2
(J) 23.73
. GD
2
J = -
4
Spec. Gravity, Bulk Density
0.01604 Lbs/Cu. ft to g/cm
3
62.355
Pressure
0.06892 Psi to bar 14.51
Temperature
F -32 _ C
180 - 100
1 bar = 1.02 kp/cm
2
= 100 kPa
15
Manufacturing programme
Machinery for Comminution
Jaw Crushers
Gyratory Crushers
Cone Crushers
Grinding Mills
Hammer Mills
Vibrating Screens
Feeders .
Material Handling Pumps
Laboratory Equipment
4
\.
Morgardshammar offices in
Smedjebacken, Sweden (head office) .
Krefeld, BRO ..
Rockford, USA.
Representatives throughout the world.
A Beijerinvest company
Morgardshammar AB, Fack, S-777 01 Smedjebacken, Sweden.
-
,..
Telephone: 46-240 711 00. Telegrams: morgardshammar, ludvika. Telex: 73243 morverk s.
B 89 E 78