Human Rights Standards in Arrest and Detention

Definitions:
1. Arrest: The act of depriving the liberty of someone in accordance with the law with charges against him/her Arestarea : actul de a lipsi o persoana de libertate in conformitate cu acuzatiile/invinuirile legale aduse impotriva sa. Purposes of arrest are to: Scopurile arestarii sunt: Prevent a person from committing or continuing to commit unlawful acts De a preveni ca o persoana sa comita sau sa continue sa comita acte ilegale; Enable an investigation in relation to an alleged unlawful act committed by the person; Sa permita desfasurarea unei investigatii in legatura cu un act suspect de a fi ilegal, comis de catre persoana respectiva; Present the person before a court in order to consider the charges against him/her; Pentru prezentarea persoanei in fata unei instante care sa judece acuzatiile care ii sunt aduse. 2. Arrested person: a person who has been apprehended for the alleged commission of an offence or by the action of an authority. Persoana arestata este: o persoana care a fost arestata sub suspiciunea de comitere ilegala a unei infractiuni sau pentru punerea sub acuzare de catre o instanta. 3. Detention: A period of temporary custody prior to a trial or hearing, following the lawful powers of arrest by police or following the decision of a judge or other legal authority. 4. Detainee: A person who is deprived of personal liberty by the state, but has not been convicted of an offence. 5. Prisoner: A person deprived of personal liberty as a result of conviction for an offence.

6. Force: Any verbal command or physical action to gain subject control. 7. Body Search: A body search is conducted after the arrest and is done to identify and secure dangerous items and/or potential evidence. Body searches must be conducted by a person of the same sex as the detainee.

Key Human Rights Relating to Arrest and Detention

Right

to liberty and security of person and to freedom of movement

Prohibition of arbitrary arrest Right to be informed of reasons at time of arrest and of any charges Rights to be brought promptly before a judge Right to trial within reasonable time, or release Right to prompt access to a lawyer Right not to confess or testify against oneself Right to an interpreter when necessary Right to prompt notification of family

1. Right to liberty and security of person and to freedom of movement: Freedom of movement is one of the fundamental rights of individuals. In certain cases, this right can be limited by the State, but only within very strict parameters. Restrictions must be clearly specified in the law, and must be necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others.

2. Prohibition of arbitrary arrest and detention: deprivation of liberty is an extremely serious matter and can be justified only when it is both lawful and necessary. No one can be deprived of his/her liberty without legal reason or process, by an act of Government or with its complicity, tolerance or consent.

What is an arbitrary arrest? Not based on legal grounds Not respecting legal procedures Not reasonable/appropriate in the circumstances Not proportional to the legal objectives Discriminatory Without fair, solid and substantial cause Unduly intrusive visvis other rights

3. Right to be informed of the reason for arrest: Any arrested person shall be informed at the time of his/her arrest the reason for the arrest. This shall be done in non technical language that the arrested person can easily understand. The arresting officer is not required to fulfil this obligation if the arrested person makes it impossible to do so at the time of the arrest. If this occurs, the arresting officer shall inform the person the reason for his arrest at the earliest possible time. 4. Right to be informed of any charges: Promptly after the arrest, the arrested person has the right to be informed of any charges that will be filed against him. This right can, in certain circumstances, include the legal counsel of the accused.

5. Right to be brought before a judicial officer: A person who has been arrested for an offence has the right to be taken promptly before a judicial officer. Right to trial or release: The judge can confirm validity of the arrest and order detention or order the release of the person. 7. Right to prompt access to a lawyer: Any arrested person must be provided with the opportunity to make contact/engage with a lawyer. 8. Right not to confess or testify against oneself: An arrested person cannot be forced to testify against himself or make any comments or confessions regarding the incident there is an implied right to silence. 9. Right to prompt notification of family: The family of the arrested person shall be promptly notified. 10.When necessary, language assistance has to be provided.

Mandatory Arrest Record Information / Date obligatorii de inregistrare privind arestarea:

Personal

data on Arrestee (name, address, age, gender, description, etc.); Datele personale ale arestatului (numele, adresa, varsta,sexul, descrierea, etc); Arresting officer(s); Ofiterii care au realizat arestarea; Reason for Arrest; Motivele arestarii; Date/time of Arrest; Data/ora arestarii; Place of Arrest; Locul de arest; Date/time of transfer to place of custody; Data/ora de transfer in locul de arest;

 Custodial officer receiving Arrestee; Ofiterul de arest/penitenciar care a primit persoana arestata; Precise information on place of custody; Date precise privind locul de arrest; Details of interrogation; Detalii privind interogatoriil; Time of appearance before judge; Data cand a fost prezentat instantei; Details of judicial appearance (who, where); Detalii despre prezentarea la instanta (cine, unde); Information on all other involved officers. Informatii despre toti ceilalti ofiteri implicate.

Post-Arrest Procedures / Proceduri post (dupa) arestare

Time limitations for arrest and detention; limitele de timp pentru retinere si arestare; Every person arrested and detained should be brought before a court as soon as reasonably possible in order to: Orice persoana retinuta si arestata ar trebui adusa in fata unei instante cat de curand este posibil in mod rezonabil, pentru: review the grounds for detention; verificarea motivelor retinerii; consider bail or release. pentru a se discuta/aprecia eliberarea pe cautiune sau eliberarea

The defined time frame does not mean / Perioada de timp cadru/precizata nu inseamna :
automatic bail for the accused / eliberarea automata pe cautiune (the accused may, for example, be ordered a new period of detention and remanded in custody);

 that the investigation must be completed within that time frame; / ca investigatia trebuie finalizata in aceasta perioade de timp; that the police must wait for the time frame to be expired before bringing the person in front of a judge; / ca politia trebuie sa astepte expirarea acestei perioade de timp pentru a adduce persoana in fata unei instante;

It is up to YOU as UN Police to make yourself aware of the judicial requirements in the country of your mission. Depinde de dvs. ca Politist UN sa te informezi despre conditiile de baza ale legii in tara unde va aflati in misiune.

Conditions of Detention / conditiile de detentie:

Adequate facilities for detention; Facilitati/conditii corespunzatoare de detentie; Humane and respectful treatment of detainees; Tratament uman si respectuos al detinutilor; Outside contacts./ Contacte in afara.

1) Adequate facilities for detention / Facilitati/conditii corespunzatoare de detentie:

Officially

recognized places of detention only; Doar locurile de detentie oficial acceptate; Humane; Conditii umane de detentie;

 Healthy; Conditii de asigurare a sanatatii; Adequate food; Hrana corespungatoare; Adequate water (both drinking water and for bathing/showering); Apa in mod corespunzator (atat de baut cat si pentru baie/dus); Adequate shelter (minimum floor space, lighting, heating, ventilation) Adapost corespunzator ( spatiu minim, lumina, incalzire, ventilare/aerisire) ; Adequate clothing; Imbracaminte corespunzatoare; Adequate medical services; Servicii medicale corespunzatoare; Adequate exercise facilities and opportunities; Posibilitati de exercitiu fizic corespunzatoare; Adequate items and facilities for personal hygiene. Articole si facilitati pentru igiena personala. 2) Humane and respectful treatment of detainees / Tratament omenos si respectuos al detinutilor: Presumption of innocence / Prezumtia de nevinovatie; Respect of the inherent dignity / Respectul inalienabil al demnitatii; Absolute prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment / Interzicerea absoluta/totala a torturii sau a tratamentelor sau pedepselor crude, inhumane sau degradante; Prohibition of violence or threats / Interzicerea amenintarilor cu violenta; Protection from torture and violence by other detainees / Protectie impotriva torturii sau violentei din partea altor detinuti;

 Respect for religious and moral beliefs / Respectarea credintelor/convingerilor religioase si morale; Respect for the special status and rights of women / Respectarea statutului special si al drepturilor femeilor; Respect for the special status and rights of children / Respectarea statutului special si al drepturilor copiilor; Prohibition on taking advantage of a detainees situation to force confession or selfincrimination / Interzicerea de incerca sa se profite de situatia de detinuti, pentru a forta marutii sau autoincriminari; Law and regulations set out the measures for discipline and order / Legea si regulamentele sa stabileasca masurile de disciplina si ordine ; Limitations of measures for discipline and order to those only necessary for safe custody / Limitarea masurilor de disciplina si ordine la acelea care sa asigure siguranta arestului .

3) Outside contacts for detainees / Contactele externe pentru detinuti:

Legal

representatives / Reprezentantii legali;

Family / Familia; National prison inspectors and international monitors (national commissions and agencies, UN, ICRC, others) Inspectia nationala a penitenciarelor si monitori internationali (agentii si comisii nationale, UN, Comisia Internationala a Crucii Rosii, altii); Medical personnel / Personalul medical; Judge / Organele judiciare; Religious authorities / Autoritatile religioase.

Principle / Principiul: All people deprived of their liberty are vulnerable to violations of human rights. Some categories of detainees such as women and juveniles are particularly at risk. Furthermore, detainees in police custody usually have not been convicted of any crime. Therefore they are to be presumed innocent. / Toate persoanele lipsite de libertate sunt vulnerabile la violari ale drepturilor omului. Anumite categorii de detinuti ca femeile si copiii prezinta un risc deosebit. Mai mult decat atat, detinutii din aresturile politiei, in mod normal nu au fost inca condamnati pentru nici o infractiune. Din acest motiv trebuie socotiti ca nevinovati.

General principles are set out in Article 10 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which require / Principiile generale sunt precizate in Articolul 10 al Conventiei Internationale privind Drepturile Politice si Civile care precizeaza: All persons deprived of liberty to be treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of human person / Toate persoanele lipsite de libertate trebuie tratate cu umanitate si respect pentru demnitatea umana. Accused person to be segregated from convicted person and given separate treatment appropriate to their status as nonconvicted person. / Persoanele acuzate trebuie sa fie separate de persoanele condamnate si sa li se acorde un tratament corespunzator statutului lor de personae necondamnate. Accused juveniles are to be separated from adult detainees / Acuzatii tineri sa fie separati de detinutii adulti. Working with partners / lucrul cu partenerii: UN police and other mission partners such as UN human rights officers (Ofiterii UN pentru drepturile omului) and UN correction officers (Ofiterii UN pentru penitenciare), as part of their functions, regularly visit detention places and engage with detainees / ca parte a activitatilor pe care le desfasoara, vizitarea regulate a locurilor de detentie si discutiile cu detinutii. UN police can cooperate with these partners to

support local police to notify detainees family members or communities / politia UN poate coopera cu acesti parteneri pentru a ajuta politia locala sa informeze familiile sau comunitatile din care fac parte detinutii.

Definition of Torture / Definia torturii: Any act committed by a public official or person acting in official capacity intentionally causing severe pain and suffering, whether mental or physical, for purposes such as / Orice act comis de catre un oficial public sau de catre o persoana investita cu autoritate oficiala, care in mod intentionat provoaca durere sau suferinta mentala sau fizica urmarind sa : Obtaining information or a confession / Sa obtina informatii sau o recunoastere a faptelor ; Punishing, intimidating or coercing / Sa pedepseasca, intimideze sau sa constranga; Discrimination / Sa discrimineze. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental / Orice act prin care se provoaca intentionat durere sau suferinta fizica sau mentala unei persoane,is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him/her or a third person information or a confession / cu scopul de a obtine de la acesta sau de la o terta persoana informatii sau marturii, punishing him/her for an act he/she or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed / de a o pedepsi pe acesta sau o terta persoana pentru o fapta despre care este suspectata ca a comis-o, or intimidating or coercing him/her or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind / sau de a o intimida sau constrage pe acesta sau o terta persoana sau pentru orice alt motiv bazat pe o discriminare de orice fel, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity / cand durerea sau suferinta este provocata sau instigata de

sau cu consimtamantul sau acceptul unui official public sau o persoana investita cu autoritate oficiala.. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions / Nu include durerea sau suferinta naturala sau accidentala provocata de sanctiunile legale. "

Prohibition of Torture: Torture is prohibited by: Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Art. 7 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which both read: No one shall be subject to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and Article 2 of the UN Convention Against Torture, which reads /

Art.2 al Conventiei UN Impotriva Torturii prevede:

1. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction / Fiecare Stat Parte va lua masuri eficiente legislative, administrative, judiciare sau orice alt fel de masuri pentru a preveni actele de tortura pe intreg teritoriul aflat sub jurisdictia sa. 2. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat or war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture / Nici un fel de circumstante exceptionale cum ar fi starea de razboi, amenintarea cu razboiul, instabilitate politica interna sau orice alta stare de urgenta publica nu pot fi invocate ca justificari pentru acte de tortura. 3. An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture / Un ordin de la un ofiter superior sau de la o autoritate publica nu poate fi invocat ca justificare pentru acte de tortura . The Article 5 of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials indicates the full extent of the prohibition of torture / Art. 5 din Codul de Conduita al Oficialilor care Aplica Legea mentioneaza totala interzicere a torturii: No law enforcement official may inflict, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or

punishment / Nici un Oficial care Alica Legea nu va provoca, instiga sau tolera nici un act de tortura, tratament sau pedeapsa cruda, inumana sau degradanta , nor may any law enforcement official invoke superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as state of war or a threat of war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any other public emergency as a justification of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. si nici un Oficial care Aplica Legea nu va putea sa invoce ordine superioare sau situatii exceptionale cum ar fi starea de razboi, o amenintare la adresa securitatii nationale, instabilitate politica interna sau orice alta urgenta publica ca justificare pentru acte de tortura sau pentru tratamente sau pedepse crude, inhumane sau degradante.

Special Requirements for Female Detainees / Cerinte speciale pentru Femeile Detinuti: Female officer to be present during all contact with female offenders/detainees / Femei politeste sa fie prezente la toate activitatile cu femeile infractori sau detinute. Female detainees must be housed separately from male detainees; / Femeile detinute se tin separate de barbatii detinuti; Female officers to supervise and search female detainees / Femeile politiste supravegheaza si controleaza femeile detinute . Special facilities for pregnant detainees and detained nursing mothers / Trebuie amenajate facilitati corespunzatoare pentru detinutele insarcinate sau pentru cele care alapteaza. Arrested or detained females must not suffer discrimination and must be protected from violence, including sexual harassment, abuse, exploitation and humiliating or degrading treatment. / Femeile arestate sau detinute nu trebuie sa fie discriminate si trebuie protejate de violenta, inclusiv de hartuire sexuala, abuz, exploatare si tratamente degradante sau umilitoare. Rape and other forms of sexual violence are a form of torture. / Violul sau alte forme de violenta sexuala sunt considerate forme de tortura. Special protection for pregnant detainees and nursing mothers (pregnant detainees and nursing mothers should be detained as a

last resort). / Trebuie sa se asigure protectie speciala detinutelor insarcinate sau celor care alapteaza (pentru aceste categorii detentia ar trebui decisa ca ultima posibilitate).

Special Requirements for Child Detainees / Cerinte speciale pentru Copiii Detinuti Children are to benefit from all human rights guarantees. / Copiii beneficieaza de toate garantiile oferite de drepturile omului. In addition, the following rules need to be applied to child detainees./ In plus, regulile urmatoare se aplica Copiilor Detinuti: Detention or imprisonment of children must be an extreme measure of last resort / Detinerea sau inchiderea copiilor trebuie sa fie o masura extrema de ultima posibilitate. Their families or, in absence, their communities must be notified of their detention to arrange for meals and quick release from custody / Familiile sau in absenta acestora, comunitatile trebuie informate de detentia copiilor pentru a aranja hrana si o eliberare rapida din arrest. Children must be separated from adult detainees / Copii trebuie separati de detinutii adulti.

1. Children must benefit from all human rights guarantees. In addition the following rules shall be applied to children: Detention or imprisonment of children shall be an extreme measure of last resort, and detention shall be for the shortest possible time Children shall be separated from adult detainees, unless this is not in their best interests, for example if the family adults are also being held and the child wishes to stay with them (a case by case approach is required) Children must be treated in a manner that promotes their sense of dignity and worth Detained children shall receive visits and correspondence from family members Parents are to be notified of any arrest, detention, transfer, sickness,

injury or death Upon arrest and during detention the age of the person must be immediately recorded. If the police is in doubt about the exact age of the teenager, the arrested/detainee in question has to be treated as a child. 2. Special requirements for other groups: / Cerinte speciale pentru alte grupuri: Groups such as persons with disabilities, elders, refugees and IDPs, migrant workers, minorities and indigenous persons require special protections measures, including upon arrest and during detention. UN Police should become familiar with the specific standards for these groups and apply them accordingly. / Grupuri ca cele ale persoanelor cu invaliditati, batrinii, refugiatii, persoanele stramutate, muncitorii emigranti, minoritatile, indigenii au nevoie de masuri de protectie speciala, inclusiv in ceea ce priveste arestarea sau pe timpul detentiei. Politia UN ar trebui sa se familiarizeze cu standardele specific pentru aceste grupuri si sa le aplice in conformitate. In exercising their functions, UN Police officers must not discriminate against any person on any grounds, such as gender, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, sexual orientation, association with a national community, property, birth or other status. In exercitarea functiilor lor, politistii UN nu trebuie sa discrimineze nici o persoana pe nici un motiv cum ar fi sexul, rasa, culoarea, limba, religia, opinii politice sau de alt fel, nationalitate, etnie sau origine sociala, orientare sexuala, apartenenta la o comunitate nationala, proprietate, nastere sau orice alt statut. UN Responsibilities under a Non Executive Mandate / Responsabilitatile UN sub un mandate non executiv Under a nonexecutive mandate, UN Police have a responsibility to ensure that the host country police carry out the arrest and detention process in full compliance with international human rights standards. / Sub mandat non executiv, Politia UN are responsabilitatea sa asigure ca politia tarii gazda indeplineste procedurile de arest si detentie in deplina concordant cu standardele international ale drepturilor omului.

If a UN Police witnesses, discovers, or in any other way is made aware of a human rights violation, the UN Police officer is to: / Daca un politist UN este martor, descopera sau ia cunostinta prin aorice alt mod de o violare a drepturilor omului, politistul UN trebuie sa: Put an end to the violation and/or prevent further violations / Sa opreasca respective violare a drepturilor omului si/sau sa previna alte violari viitoare. Ensure assistance to the victim as necessary / Sa asigure asistenta victimelor, atat cat este nevoie; Mentor and advise accordingly / Acorda asistenta conform situatiei. Report the human rights violation to his/her immediate supervisor / Raporteaza despre cazul de violare a drepturilor omului, sefului sau imediat. Report the human rights violation to the Human Rights component of the mission and consult on further necessary action / Raporteaza despre cazul de violare a drepturilor omului Departamentului de drepturile omului ale misiunii si (se) consulta in ce priveste viitoarele actiuni necesare. UN Responsibilities under an Executive Mandate / Responsabilitatile UN sub mandate executive. Under an executive mandate UN Police have the responsibility to carry out the arrest and detention processes. / Sub mandate executive Politia UN este responsabila de aplicarea procedurilor de arrest si detentie. Any arrest and subsequent detention have to be carried out in accordance with the law of the host country and full respect for international human rights standards. / Orice arestare si ca o consecinta detentie, trebuie indeplinita in conformitate cu legea tarii gazda si cu deplina respectare a standardelor internationale ale drepturilor omului.