MEDICAL FIRST AID

OBJECTIVE Learning Outcome 16 Perform Basic First Aid Treatment.

Assessment Criteria 16

16.1

Describe the definition, purpose and principle of First Aid.

16.2 Describe types of bone fracture and treatments. 16.3 Describe types of burnt and treatments. 16.4 Describe treatment for electrical shocking. 16.5 Describe CPR. REFERENCES a. Risalah Medical Corpman;and b. IFSTA 109 Fifth Edition.

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MEDICAL FIRST AID

INTRODUCTION The first consideration of all firemen on arrival at the scene of an emergency is the rescue of trapped persons. These people may be casualties from a number of cases and suffering from a variety of injuries. Indiscriminate handling by rescuers may well aggravate possible injuries and even cause death. It is important therefore that fireman learn to recognize the symptoms of juries handle the casualty accordingly and if necessary render first aid pending the arrival of medical officers. DEFINITION OF FIRST AID A help that given to patient before get treatment from experts (doctor) or before ambulan arrival.

FIRST AID PURPOSE Following are among first aid purpose: a. b. c. d. Save lives. Analgesic Laugh at from condition of the patient worsen. Get doctor's assistance or pass on patient to hospital.

FIRST AID PRINCIPLE Among first aid principles is: a. b. c. Determine victim's breathing channel / in-patient good condition. Give breathing aid (Restore Breathing). Restore blood flow (do CPR procedure if cardiac arrest)

Figure 1: Restore breathing is either first aid principle

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BROKE TYPES Broke fall into two kinds namely : a. Broke Closed. Broke that had not hurt skin and tissue,not there is wound in place that broke and unexposed to air and easy recover. b. Broke Opened. Broke that hurt skin, tissue and channel blood. There is wound in section that broke exposed to air and easy infected and recover late.

Figure 1: Broke Close

Figure 2: Broke Opened

HETEROGENEOUS BROKE There are a few heterogeneous broke. Among them was: a. Greenstick (broke juvenile wood). Usually happening to children because their bone soft and easy bending from broke. In a situation half broke. b. Transverse (broke sugar cane). Broke continuous in a situation centre. Broke this type very easy to come out from the home position. Even however it easily heal. c. Spiral (broke flit). Broke this type shaped dishonest and deep state flit. The edge are pointed and it can damage the tissues if in a state of broken.

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d. Oblique (broke dishonest). It shaped dishonest and the edge sharp. It can also damage tissue if the state broken. e. Communited (broke shattered). Bone break to few pieces.Is broke that bad and dangerous because involving canal state blood, tissue and sinew nerve. The healing process rather slow. f. Depressed (broke stressful). Bone part that break stressful enter .

g. Inpacted (broke stab). another. h. Broke form T.

Part of bone that broke including to intra-osseous that

In a situation centre and lengthways.

Figure 3: Heterogeneous Broke

SIGNS AND COMPLAINT Signs and complaint were as follows : a. b. c. d. e. f. Sick. Ached at part that broke. Swelling. In a situation bruise bluish red. Sound. Sound when bone be moved. Soft. In a situation soft between two bones when pressed. Lose Moving. Limited and extraordinary movement. Defect. Injury which found other than broke and wound.

TREATMENT AND RECOVERY Treatment method and recovery were as follows:

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a. b. c. d. e. f.

Lessen movement. Stop bleeding. Determine good respiratory tract. Give pep talk. Give heat that is suitable. Arrange patient to be delivered to immediately hospital.

BURNT AND SCALD a. Burnt. result in dryness. Tissue damage due to dry heat which one many plasma loss and

b. Scald. Tissue damage due to heat and slow (heatwet) that named burnt wet cause plasma destruction.

c.

Agents burnt. (1) Dry Heat. The agents were as follows: (a) Fire. (b) Hot Iron. (c) Electric. (d) Friction. (e) Emission of radiation X that is excess. Wet Heat. Agent for wet heat were as follows: (a) Hot Water. (b) Hot Oil. (c) Hot Steam. (d) Liquid chemical that burnt. Liquid Chemical. Among liquid chemical is: (a) Alkali. (b) Acid.

(2)

(3)

TREATMENT METHOD (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Carry to safe place and give position that is comfortable. Cover part that is injured with cloth that is dry and clean Dont take off cloth that cleave to part that burnt Dont tampered and broken part that is swollen Can give drink deep and give pep talk Can watered with icy waters for reduce heat part which involved, Dont put any lotion that is irrelevant unless there is 'antiseptic'. Arrange patient to be delivered to immediately hospital.

SHOCK Situation where fail important system in bodies conduct the task which lack of oxygen delivery to brain and channel body causing blood pressure went downstairs normal level. Treatment method is as follows:

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a. Bring patient to safe place. b. Give said spirit aim comfort patient's soul. c. Loosen clothes in neck area, chest and waist. d. Clean respiratory tract. e. Give heat that fit with drinks that is refreshing. f. Do not give drinks to patient who unconsciousness, head injury, chest and enough stomach basahkan patient lip. g. Recline patient supinely and heighten fetlock from head but must not do to that is injured in head portion and chest. h. Arrange patient to be delivered to immediately hospital. FIRST AID MANNER OF DOING (CPR) Should occur accident or drowned victims, you can salvage victim's life by doing following thing: 1. Check victim's condition and see the response. If no response orbreathing stop, emergency unit telephone (999) and immediately give attention to victims. 2. Look upward victim's head and lift chin on. 3. See, listen and feeling: Put your ear in victim's mouth. If no breathing,prepared give two respiratory assistance stream. Take out impurity (if there is) from victim's mouth. 4. Open victim's mouth and the nose massage with your finger. Blow breath through your mouth to victim's mouth until you have seen movement in the chest. Give respiratory assistance twice (every puff two seconds). 5. If victim still cannot breathe, cough or move, press the chest with yourboth sides hand. Lapping right hand above your left hand and press victim's chest 15 times. Two puffs and 15 strains calculated a round. Make two rounds. Make sure position that want pressed were right, namely two centimetres from handle heart. Make sure your hand straight and give slow pressure(from your hand only, not from body). Pressure need to be done quickly in value 100 strains / minute; faster from an emphasis per second. 6. Repeat respiratory assistance and as much as chest pressure four times or to help reach. 7. If victim breathe, move body of the victim to escort to enable victim breathes with better.

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CONCLUSION With information above get fireman give beginning treatment to patient when conducting task rescue before victim treated by physician.

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