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abo ut real izat ion of t he subst ant ial cat eg ory . Change is an open and com pat ible sy st em. It is
t he essent ial support ing t heo ry in dialect ical t hinking in t he Chinese philosophy . Chang e is
co mpo sed of t he o nes at t he level of qi, fo rm and mat eria , and at t he level o f idea , reaso ning
and f eelings. Chang e is the m ainstream in life, as w ell as the basic m eans of evo lut ion o f t he
universe and development of t he so ciet y . T hus chang e is t he key not e t o im mort alit y. T her efo re , he w ho is unable t o int erpret t he im mort al t heme of change is not really qualif ied t o
master the Chinese philoso phy .

H um an-Centered T heory and Environm ental Et hics

Yang T ongjin
Human -cent ered t heo ry ho lds t hat it is for man alone t hat human beings have direct and
mor al responsibilit y . M an's dut y t o prot ect t he environment is but an indirect o ne. T his t heory, how ever, is challenged by t he camp t hat holds an o pposit e view . We hav e t o admit t hat as
part of t he theories o f environmental et hics , hum an-cent ered t heor y is necessary , t ho ug h it is
not suf ficient . It of fers an import ant reason , t ho ug h not the only reason , fo r prot ect ion of t he
enviro nm ent . Only w hen man has r ealized t hat prot ect ion of environment is part of t he internalized process of self-per fect ion and ackno w ledged t he et hic stat us of all t hing s of natural
exist ence can the environment be ef fect ively pro tected .

Caution Should Be T aken in T alkingabout Cultural Relativity

Zhang L iangcun
Cult ural relativit y in itsel f has a stro ng real it y -prom pt t endency , and is apt t o shif t fr om
recog nit ion t o ethics , f rom being rel at ive t o absolut e, which t ends t o change an issue o f recognit ion t o an issue o f et hics, a quest ion of kno wl edge t o t hat of rig ht and w rong , and falsehoo d
t o an enem y. T hus, it may lead to handling academ ic issues by means of polit ics. T he nat io nalism it incur s is o f the same f allacy w ith liberalism .

127