-

Russian and Gaelic cognates

This is a short list of etymologically related words

of the Russian and the Gaelic languages. The idea
of making it suggested itself to me when I saw the
list of Faclan cirdeach sa Ghidhlig agus sa
Ruisis. Last time I saw it it contained only three
items. As a Russian proverb runs God loves
trinity (~ all good things come in threes), but this
not definitely the case. In fact this list could be
much longer. I would like to make it more
comprehensive.
On the other hand, I would like to destroy some
myths about Gaelic. Many Russians think that
Gaelic is a strange, exotic and mysterious language.
Perhaps, this enigmatical touch accounts for the
growing interest in this language. In fact, Gaelic is
as mysterious as, for example, German or
French. This truth may be disappointing to some
Celts enthusiasts but it may also stimulate activity
of the others.

.
,
Faclan cirdeach sa Ghidhlig agus
sa Ruisis. ,
.
: , ,
, . ,
.
.
,
.
,
, .
,

.
, , ,
, .
,
,
, , .

.
,

,
. -

,
.

.

,
.

.
,
,
.

SAMPA (Speech Assessment

Methods Phonetic Alphabet) .
- ,
, :
corrdictionary@mail.ru.
@Mitroshin A. V., 2006

Etymological dictionaries usually trace the history

of words changes. They give the earliest forms of
the words, fixed in ancient monuments of dead
languages, analyse their components. It is a general
practice to give the Old Irish form for a word of
some Goidelic language and an Old Slavonic form
for a word of some Slavic language. The modern
forms are often ignored.

This list does not include either detailed

information
on historical changes or
morphological analysis. Its aim is to give the
general idea of cognation of modern Russian and
modern Gaelic.
Besides, sometimes similarity between Russian and
Gaelic words is so striking that it may have even
practical significance.
The Russian words are transcribed in accordance
with SAMPA (Speech Assessment Methods
Phonetic Alphabet) for Russian.
If you find any mistakes inform me of them,
sending an e-mail to corrdictionary@mail.ru.
@ . ., 2006
The first part of the list includes the words the
origin of which can be traced back to some earlier
Indo-European form.
The second part of the list contains international
words, scientific terms and borrowings.

,
-.
.
,
.

Gaelic
word
in1

Russian translation

ainm
aiseal
a-nochd
aon
rd
bs
bean3

English
Translation
heat of the day,
noon
name
axis
tonight
one
high
death
woman; wife

bean
beir

to touch
to bear

be
bi
b4
brthair
brn5
birich
cac
ceithir
ceud
clann

living, alive
to be
cow
brother
grief
roaring,
bellowing
excrement
four
hundred
children, clan

,
(, )

,
,

cli

fame

cig
cridhe
cruach

five
heart
pile, heap

cruimh
d
dil

worm
two
dale

darach
deich
de

oak
ten
breath

Di-

the prefix in
the names of
the days of
the week

Russian
word

SAMPA
transliteration
agon

English
translation
fire

ima
os
not-S
adin
rost2
gasnut
Zina
ZenSina
bit, bju
brat,
biru
Z1voj
b1t
gavadina
brat
gr1zt
bura

name
axis
night
one
height
to become dim
wife
woman
to beat, I beat
to take, I take

,
6

kakat
t-Sit1re
sotna, sto
t-Selat

t-Silavek
slava
slova
pat
sert-se
kr1t
krov
t-Serf
dva
dalina,
dol
derivo
desat
d1Sat
dux
duSa
den

four
hundred
servants, the
menials
a human being
fame
word
five
heart
to cover, to roof
roof, shelter
worm
two
dale

alive
to be
beef
brother
to gnaw
a storm

tree
ten
to breathe
a spirit
a soul
day

(Pokorny) *pe ur-, *pr( fn panno).

2
*orst < *ors-to- < *ord-to-.
3
*g u ena
4
.-. *g uou-.
5
.-. *g ureu-gh- ( , ).
6
() ,
(; tribe), ()
7
.-. *penke (: penkue).

earb
fersaid

roedeer
spindle

f(h)in

self

()

feusag8
for

beard
true

fios

knowledge

flath
gal
geamhradh
geinn
glm

king; prince;
ruler
weeping
winter
wedge
to devour

geug
gobh
iasg

branch
beak
fish

; ;

imlich
ith
ln
lon
maoin
marbh

to lick
to eat
full
flax, lint
wealth
to kill; dead

mthair

mother

meacan

root; bulb

meil

to mill, to
grind
the middle
meal

meadhon
min
mion
mios
mol
muir
mn
naoi
nead
neul
nochd
nuadh
ochd
g
s
8

small
month
to praise; to
propose
sea
urine
nine
nest
cloud
naked
new
eight
young
shoal at the

jarina
viritino
virtet
svoj, svaja

us1
vrn1j

vedat
videt
vladet

Zalet
zima
Zala
golat

wool
spindle
to spin
his, her, my,
your, our, its
moustache
true
to know
to see
to govern, to
control
to feel pity
winter
a sting
hunger

,
9







,

suk
zup
piskar,
piskar
lizat
pitat
poln1j
lon
mena
mortv1j
smert
mat,
matiri

mak

to lick
to feed
full
flax
exchange
dead
death
mother,
mothers (gen.
sg.)
poppy

malot

to grind

between
to crush, I crush

10

, 11
,

meZdu
mat,
mnu
meneje
mesat-s
malit

more
m1t
devat
gnizdo
neba
nagoj
nov1j
vosem
jun1j
ustje;

sea
to wash
nine
nest
sky
naked
new
eight
young
mouth of a

branch, bough
tooth
gudgeon

less
month
to implore

*uondh-s-sos ( uendh , ).
() .
10
, ; *devet- de-
n ( newints ), 10; -t ; neun.
9

ruadh
piuthar12
salann
smhach

mouth of a
river
red
sister
salt
quiet

sth

ones fill

seachd
sealg
searbh
seasg

seven
spleen
bitter
barren, dry

sid

to blow, to
breathe
six
to think

sia
smaoinich

usta

river; mouth

; ()

r1Z1j
sistra
sol
sam; (tot)
sam1j
s1t1j

red
sister
salt
-self; the same

sem
silizonka
xvarat
issaknut

seven
spleen
to be sick
to run dry

svistet

to whistle

Sest
m1slit

m1sl
snek
sidet
tislo
tonkij
tur
tomn1j

six
to think, to
reason
a thought
snow
to sit
adze
thin
an aurochs
dark

smuain
sneachd
suidh
tl
tana
tarbh
teamhall

a thought
snow
to sit
adze
thin
a bull
slight swoon or
stun

teann
teich

tight, tense
to flee

teas
teine
teth
tha13
toll14
tri
trod

uan
uasal

heat
fire
hot
am, is, are
a hole, a pit
three
a quarrel,
scolding
wretched,
pitiful
lamb
noble; proud

ubh15
ubhal
uisge16

egg
apple
water

truagh

11

replete, full

tma
tanut
tet-S,
tiku
tiplo
tiplo
topl1j
stajat
tkat
tri
trudnost

darkness
to pull
to flow, I flow

strugat

jagnonak
v1sokij

to shave, to
scrape
a lamb
high, tall

jajt-so
jablaka
vada

egg
apple
water

heat; warmth
heat; warmth
warm
to stand
to weave
three
difficulty

*ieu-; - *iu-n-os,
-k- (. yaouank ).
12
siur.
13
stare ().
14
*tukslo- ( *tuk- ).
15
*oi-om : *oui-om; wy,
[, , . 27].
16
*udeskio- ( unda ).

Gaelic word
abaid
acair
actair
atam
banc(a)
br
brd
bocsair
botal
briste
caiptean
caractar

English
translation
abbey
anchor
actor
atom
bank
bar
bard
boxer
bottle
brooch
captain
character
(in a play
etc.)

cat
cilemeatair
clann
coimpiutar
crann-togail

cat
kilometre
clan
computer
crane

dannsair
deamhan
diabhal
doca
film
fiosaig
fn
gas
geoimeatraidh
lampa
manach
meatair
motar
ndar

dancer
demon
devil
dock
film
physics
telephone
gas
geometry
lamp
monk
metre
motor
1) nature;
2) character

nidhlean
nisean

nylon
nation

neactar
nearbh
son
pirc
plaide
poileas
ridio
Sbaid
stoirm
tagsaidh
tlann
telebhisean
trop

nectar
nerve
ozone
park
a blanket
police
radio
Saturday
storm
taxi
talant
television
trope,
figure of
speech

Russian
translation

,
;

()

1) ; 2)
,

Russian word

SAMPA
transliteration
abbat-stva
jakar
aktor
atam
bank
bar
bard
baksor
but1lka
broS
kapitan
xarakter

kot, koSka
kilametr
klan
kampjutar
kran

tom cat, tabby

kilometre
clan
computer
crane

tant-sor
deman
djaval
dok
film
fzika
tilifon
gas
giametrija
lampa
manax
metr
mator
natura

dancer
demon
devil
dock
film (cinema)
physics
telephone
gas
geometry
lamp
monk
metre
motor
character

nejon
nat-s1ja

English
translation
abbey
anchor
actor
atom
bank
snack-bar
bard, singer
boxer
bottle
brooch
captain
character,
personality,
nature

nylon
nation (=
people)
nectar
niktar
nerve
nerv
ozone
azon
park
park
plaid
pled
police
palit-s1ja
radio
radio
Saturday
subota
storm
Storm
taxi
taksi
talant
talant
tilividinije television
trope, figure of
trop
speech


., . . ., , 2002.
. . ., , 2002.
. . : . //
. .,
, 2002.
. . ., , 2002.
. . / . . . . . . ., ,
1964-1973. . 1 4.
. . - . ., , 1993. .
1 2.
MacBain A. An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language. Glasgow, Gairm Publications, 1982
(http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/macbain/).
MacFarlane M. The School Gaelic Dictionary. Stirling. 1912 (http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MF2/index.html )
Pokorny, J. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wrterbuch. (http://www.ieed.nl/index2.html)
Watkins C. Roots of the Proto-Indo-European language. (http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/indoeuropean.html
).