Exhibit 1

XXIX.

AGREEMENT OF CONSOLIDATION.*

AN AGREEMENT TO CONSOLIDATE THE TRUSTEES OF THE ASTOR LIBRARY, THE TRUSTEES OF THE LENOX LIBRARY, AND THE TILDEN TRUST, INTO THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS.
DATED, 23 MAY, 1895. FILED AND RECORDED IN THE OFFICES OF THE CLERK OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK AND OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE,

2 4 MAY, 18 95,

g4is agrernt.cnt made this twenty-third day of May, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, by and between the respective Boards of Trustees of the corporations known as " THE TRUSTEES OF THE ASTOR LIBRARY," " THE TRUSTEES OF THE LENOX LIBRARY," AND " THE TILDEN TRUST." * At the time this agreement was entered into the Boards of Trustees of the three constituent bodies were composed of the following members: The Trustees of the Astor Library were: The Mayor of the City of New York (ex officio), Thomas M. Markoe, M.D. (President), Edward King (Treasurer), Henry Drisler, LL.D. (Secretary), John Cadwalader, Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D., Stephen Van Rensselaer Cruger, Robbins Little, Stephen H. Olin, Charles H. Russell, and Philip Schuyler. The Trustees of the Lenox Library were: John S. Kennedy (President), Alex. ander Maitland (Treasurer and Secretary), Daniel Huntington, Frederick Sturges, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, Stephen Baker, William S. Tod, Charles Scribner, John Sloane, William F. Havemeyer, George L. Rives, William Allen Butler, J. Henry Harper, Samuel P. Avery, and Nicholas Murray Butler. The Trustees of The Tilden Trust were: John Bigelow, Andrew H. Green, George W. Smith, Alexander E. Orr, and Lewis Cass Ledyard.
-

118

AGREEMENT OF CONSOLIDATION

119

4331yeteas, The Trustees of the Astor Library are a corporation heretofore organized under an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, entitled " An Act to incorporate The Trustees of the Astor Library," approved January 18th, 1849, and the several amendments thereto, for the purpose (among others) of erecting, maintaining and carrying on a public library in the City of New York ; and
tiberBas The Trustees of the Lenox Library are a corporation heretofore organized under an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, entitled "An Act to incorporate the Trustees of the Lenox Library," approved January loth, 1870, and the several amendments thereto, for the purpose (among others) of erecting, maintaining and carrying on a public library in the City of New York ; and talitrzcts, The Tilden Trust is a corporation heretofore organ- i ized under an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, entitled " An Act to incorporate The Tilden Trust for the establishment and maintenance of a free Library and Reading York," approved March 26th, 1887; and blberzcts, the said three corporations, being all organized as library companies or for the purpose of carrying on libraries in the City and County of New York, are desirous of consolidating With each other into a single corporation; pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 541 of the Laws of 1892, being an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York entitled " An Act to permit the consolidation of library Companies in the City of NeW York," approved May 13th, 1892, and the amendments thereto, and particularly as the same is amended by Chapter 209 of the Laws of 1895, being an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York entitled " An Act to amend Chapter 541 of the Laws of 1892 entitled An Act to permit the consolidation of library companies in the City of New York ;' " and

.R1

-1a3 hEreas, neither of said three corporations is a stock company, and neither of the same has members or stockholders other than its Directors or Trustees;

120
NOM

THE CONSOLIDATION,

Therefore, tt)is

ag reement of Ennsolibratiou Wittte.wzil)

that the respective Boards of Trustees of the said " The Trustees of the Astor Library," "The Trustees of the Lenox Library," and " The Tilden Trust," have agreed, and do hereby agree, with each other and with each of the others as follows :

nrei. The said several corporations shall be consolidated and hereby are consolidated into a single corporation. .6zrcuttr. The terms and conditions of said consolidation are as follows: The said new corporation shall establish and maintain a free public library and reading-room in the City of New York, with such branches as may be deemed advisable, and shall continue and promote the several objects and purposes set forth in the respective acts of incorporation of " The Trustees of the Astor Library," " The Trustees of the Lenox Library," and " The Tilden 'I'i-east. " 4Eijirb. The mode of carrying this agreement into effect is as follows : Immediately upon the execution of this agreement, duplicates or counterparts thereof shall be filed in the office of the Clerk of the City and County of New York and in the office of the Secretary of State. Thereafter, the first meeting of the Trustees of the new corporation shall be called by John L. Cadwalader, George L. Rives and Lewis Cass Ledyard, or any two of them, by giving a notice in person or by mail addressed to each Trustee at his place of residence, of the time and place of such meeting. The said Trustees, or a majority of them, being assembled, shall organize by the election of a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary, and of such other officers, if any, as shall be deemed necessary or proper; and the said Trustees, on behalf of the new corporation, shall thereupon receive, take over, and enter into possession, custody and management of the existing libraries of the said three several corporations and of all property, real or personal, owned by them or either of them of any description whatever. The several treasurers, superintendents, librarians or other persons having charge of any of the funds, books, works of art or other property, real cr personal, of either of the said three cor-

4.

ACREEM.EATT OF CONSOLIDATION.

121

porations, parties hereto, shall on demand deliver all property in their respective custody to the persons appointed by the Trustees of the new corporation to receive the same. - The Board of . Trustees of the said three existing corporations shall take such action as may be necessary for the purpose of transferring to the new corporation the title to all real estate, securities, and all other property of whatever kind, standing in their several names, or owned by them, respectively, and for that purpose, add for the purpose of adjusting and closing the affairs of said corporations 'respectively and the accounts of the respective officers thereof, the Boards of Trustees of the said three corporations, parties hereto, may meet, notwithstanding the merger of said corporations in the new corporation hereby created, and carry out the purposes of this agreement. The Trustees of the said new corporation shall, as soon as may be, adopt suitable by-laws, which, among other things, shall provide for the manner of election of new Trustees after the expiration of the first year, their respective terms of office and the manner of filling vacancies in the Board; shall fix and define the duties of the Trustees, the appointment of Committees and the powers and duties thereof; the number, grad; duties, terms of office and compensation of the several persons employed by the new corporation; and shall provide proper regulations for the investment, safe keeping, management and expenditure of the funds of the corporation; and the said by-laws shall, moreover, provide for the general custody, care, conduct and management of the affairs and property of said new corporation, and a method by which the said by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed. The said new corporation shall by its by-laws or otherwise-make appropriate provisions with reference to the limitations,, .conclitions or restrictions under which any of the funds or property of the said several corporations are now held or are to be used or enjoyed by the said several corporations, or any of them, in order that the same may be fully kept and observed.

Sznrily The name of the new corporation is " The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations."

122

THE CONSOLIDATIOY

fift1). The number of Trustee:, of the new corporation shall be twenty-one.

Sixth. The names of the Trustees who shall manage the concerns of the new corporation for the first year, and until others shall be elected in their places, are: Thomas M. Markoe, Henry Drisler, John L. Cadwalader, Henry C. Potter, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Stephen H. Olin, Edward King, Daniel Huntington, Frederick Sturges, Alexander Maitland, John S. Kennedy, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, William Allen Butler, George L. Rives, John Bigelow, Andrew H. Green, George W. Smith, Alexander E. Orr, Lewis Cass Ledyard, Samuel P. Avery and Philip Schuyler.
jtt Witness here f, The several Boards of Trustees of the three corporations, parties hereto, have caused the corporate seals of the three several corporations to be affixed to these presents, in triplicate, and these presents to be attested. by their respective Presidents and Secretaries, thereunto duly authorized, on the day and year first above written. THE TRUSTEES OF THE ASTOR LIBRARY, By T. M. MARKOE, President.

((CORPORATE SEAL.) Attest : HENRY DRISLER, Secretary.

THE TRUSTEES OF THE LENOX LIBRARY, By JOHN S. KENNEDY, President. (CORPORATE SEAL.) Attest : ALEXANDER MAITLAND, Secretary. THE TILDEN TRUST, A. E. ORR, Vice-_Prest. (CORPORATE SEAL.) Attest : L. V. RANDOLPH, Secretary.

Exhibit 2

XXX VII.
LEASE AND AGREEMENT FOR THE USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE LIBRARY BUILDING TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN BRYANT PARK.

DATED 8 DECEMBER, 1897.

agre.elttetti, made and cdncluded this eighth day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninetyseven, by and between the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of said city, party of the first part, and The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, party of the second party, Inititeuril):

04.eteas, the land now oCcupied by the reservoir upon Fifth avenue, between 4oth and 42d streets, in the City of New York, has been made a portion of a public park, and by an act of the Legislature of the State of New York, passed May 19, 1897, entitled " An' Act to provide for the construction of a public building in Bryant Park, in the City of New York, to be occupied by the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations," the Department of Public Parks was authorized to remove the said reservoir occupying a portion of said Bryant Park, and to erect, construct, maintain, equip and furnish in the said Bryant Park, or some portion thereof, a suitable and appropriate fire-proof building in accordance with plans to be made and 147

rs

148

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYA T BARK.

prepared by the party of the second part, and to be approved by the party of the first part, such building to be used and occupied as a public library and reading-room by the said party of the second part for the purpose of carrying out the objects and purposes of the said corporation and of its consolidation ;
all the said party of the first part, in and by the said act, was authorized at any time after the passage of said act to enter into a contract with the said party of the second part for the use and occupation by the said party of the second part and its successors of the building so to be erected, constructed, equipped rand furnished, for the purpose of maintaining therein a public library and reading-room and carrying out the objects and purposes of the said corporation as provided by its agreement of consolidation, and any amendments to be hereafter authorized to the same, and which contract by the terms of said act was to provide for such use and occupation so long as the said party of the second part shall maintain such public library and reading-room therein and shall use said building so to be erected for the purposes thereof;

anb whereas, the said party of the second part has made and prepared plans for such library building so to be erected, which said plans provide for a building to be erected in said Bryant Park, facing Fifth avenue, at a distance of about 75 feet therefrom, and being about 35o feet in width, front and rear, and about 250 feet in depth;
anb whereas, the said Board of Estimate and Apportionment has duly approved the said plans pursuant to the terms of said Act, and has requested the Department of Public Parks to remove the reservoir now occupying a portion of Bryant Park, and to erect, construct, maintain, equip and furnish in said Park a fire-proof building, in accordance with said plans ; such building to be used and occupied as a public library and reading room by the said The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, and to be constructed either of marble or Indiana limestone, or of such other stone as may hereafter be suggested by the architects and approved by the Trustees of

LEASE AND AGREEMENT.

149

The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, and by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment;

tulpreas, it is the intention of the party of the second part to arrange to dispose of certain real estate and property owned by it, and in other respects to prepare for the occupation of the said building, and the carrying on of the public purposes of said corporation therein ; Nam, Ovulate, it is agreed by and between the parties
hereto as follows :

FBI

first The party of the first part has granted, demised and let, and doth by these presents grant, demise and let, unto the party of the second part and its successors the said library building so to be erected within or upon said Bryant Park upon the site now occupied by said reservoir, together with the appurtenances thereunto belonging, TO 'LAVE AND TO HOLD the same unto the party of the second part and its successors so long as the said party of the second part shall continue to maintain such public library and reading-room therein, and so long as the said party of the second part shall use and occupy such building for the purpose of maintaining therein a public library and readingroom and carrying on the objects poration, as_provided by its said agreement of consolidation and the several acts incorporating , the Trustees of the Astor Library, the Trustees of the Lenox Library and the Tilden -Trust, respectively, and any amendments to be hereafter- authorized to the same, and so long as the party of the second part shall faithfully keep, perform and observe the covenants and conditions herein contained on its part to be kept, performed and observed.
gzontr.--Neither the party of the first part, its successors or successor, nor the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, nor their successors, shall be chargeable or liable for the preservation of said building or the property of the party of the second part therein, against fire, or for any damage or injury to be caused by fire to the said property; but it is agreed that the damages aforesaid excepted, the said party

150

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARK.

of the first part shall, on reasonable demand, at all times maintain and keep the said building in repair. CEOrb,As soon after the completion and equipment of said building as practicable, the said party of the second part shall transfer to, place and arrange in said building, its library and collections, and shall have and enjoy the exclusive use of the whole of said building, subject to the provisions herein contained and the rules and regulations herein prescribed, during the continuance of the term hereinbefore granted. fnuttl).The said library shall be accessible at all reasonable hours and times for general use, free of expense to persons resorting thereto,' subject only to such control and regulation as the party of the second part, its successor or successors, from time to time may exercise and establish for general convenience; provided, however, that one or more reading rooms in said library shall be open and accessible to the public upon every day of the week except Sundays, but including all legal or public holidays, from at least nine o'clock A. hi. until at least nine o'clock P. M. and on Sundays from one o'clock P. M. until nine o'clock P. nit., under such rules and regulations as the said Board of Trustees shall prescribe from time to time and provided that there shall at all times be established and maintained in the said library a free circulating branch, and that the same shall be opened for the use of the public during the day time on Sunday and during the evening of each other day of the week for such time as may be prescribed by the said Board of Trustees in control of said library, the hour for closing said branch of the library, however, on each evening to be not earlier than Do o'clock.

.fifth. The said library collections and all other property of the said party of the second part which shall or may be placed in said building shall continue to be and remain absolutely the property of said party of the second part, and neither the party of the first part, nor said Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, nor their successors, shall by reason of said property being placed in the said building, or continuing therein, have any right, title, property or interest therein, nor

LEASE AND AGREEMENT.

151

shall the party of the second part, by reason of its use and occupation of this building under said agreement, acquire, or be deemed to have acquired, any right, title, property or interest in the said building and the appurtenances, or the land on which the same is erected, except in so far as expressly granted by this agreement. .6iXtf).Tbe said party of the second part shall, on or before the 3ist day of December in each year, during the continuance of this agreement, submit to the Mayor of the City of New York a detailed printed report of the operations and transactions of said party of the second part, and of all its receipts and payments for the year ending with the 3oth day of June next preceding. .e.nrittil.The authorities of the City of New York shall have at all times access to every part of said building for general police visitation and supervision; and also for the purpose of the performance of the duties devolved upon them by the laws of the State of New York or of the City of New York now enacted or hereafter to be enacted; and the police powers of the said party of the first part shall extend in, through and by the said building. The party of the second part, however, shall appoint, direct, control and remove all persons employed within said building, in and about the care of the building, and the library and collections therein contained, excepting the regular policeman on duty within the building or grounds, if any, and the employ6s of the Park Department engaged in gardening or construction. eiglit1).The city shall annually provide funds for the maintenance and repair of the building, and the city authorities, or Department of Public Parks acting under its direction, shall, at all times, provide and care for the roads, walks, fences, grading and general care of the grounds and appurtenances attached thereto. The city, in addition, shall, at all times, furnish a supply of water and adequate police patrol and protection. With the limitations already defined, the party of the second part shall exercise entire direction and management over all the affairs of the library building and the books, collections and appurtenances.

152

_LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYAN7' PARK.

Ninth.--It is further expressly understood and agreed by and between the parties hereto that this agreement may be wholly cancelled and annulled, or from time to time altered or modified, as may be agreed upon in writing between the said parties or their successors, anything herein to the. contrary in anywise notwithstanding.

3n illitmess tWietent the party of the first part has caused this Agreement to be executed by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, pursuant to a resolution of the said Board adopted at a meeting held on the first day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven; and the said party of the second part has caused the same to be executed by its President and its official seal affixed thereto, pursuant to resolution of the Trustees of the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, and adopted at a meeting held on the eighth day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven.
W. L. STRONG,

Mayor.
ASH2EL P. FITCH,

Comptroller.
JOHN jEROLf3TvIAN,

President of the Board of Alderman.

E. P. BARKER,

President of the Department of Taxes and Assessments.

FRANCIS M. SCOTT,

Counsel to the Corporation.

JOHN BIGELoW,

President New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Attest :
G. L.
RIVES,

Secretary.
(CORPORATE SEAL.)

xtt-mwtft**%*

Exhibit 3

477 , :39S
Thi s.s sroiros , s;;", hi: the. :;1,.11.. of .11,
Plozo ,

tilde*

A.,

r,r

June f.hcrAni!:

r p n 78
1.:[.. 1!;tt.e.

.!!!..r-

1 ,

t.
!!:

r
in City Hali, and the ',Tel.;
PoLlnda?

: Fifth Avenue

at 42nd Street, New `fork, NY 10018

hereinAftcr ;low,
11 , -Tvt, .O7-;
1. . n . :7i ir . 're'i CC7r

:; , 1

s'4' -;

:sr!:

tiro

reLn ponsilliility of

an0 AH.r , vin , !

funds under tho :LAtionAl HI!Itoric PL. , p..2rvALion Act of

0

iPublic Law :0-6C- 5) for ;Ji.i1-rie 2. The !;atiohal riptoric

requirc;
the

assurance that the properticp .icnired or ,1(,vuloped under

Act be sati:LfActnrily maintained no that the hintnrical intergitv of features, be nrotecto0 a, 3. The
described as Library, Astol.,
le7zee theri,If

oppcarancc, !4crkmanship anti vircrulent uw of :Le:: vork

ner of cortain property

F,1; , rAry, A71.I T'!ac !;ew York Public

T:Iden e ,.:u.plAton:; are the 1.ortu;Al and

:0Ave x.-.piied to

fnr
4.
-ca

prc..;ervatih of 1;a:,1 prop ,2rty_

tG applDVe

express iY_Irpon(- o: Ito !;uch t ,and:; us r.ay a payment to the New

mad(' w.raiLable

under the ::atiosa/ Histr2c i're:lervatinn Ar7t of l'ifS, the

h PPLICAAT:horehy ariree and ebligae t, assume all costs

of maintenance, repair And administratlon of the ;roperty pnrserve hereinafter doLicrii,cd so a5 to protect and historical ilileyrity of features, mat , appe:Jrance, workmanship and cnvirunnent.

":1+1!Wrk4041411111111,0111RORigiligia

471 E 1, :390
S. Mt: AITI.NVO1'0 , 1c1)y
,

s1;1.1.

c)i

50.1(.1 APPIJ(VOQ,L ,, u.n nCnln

x,pair aired administer such property

shall bind said APPLICand he enforceahlo ei .oinst same for a period of tiri,e to be 4etermincd by the amount of Federal nssi actr to be received according to the CollowaL; schedule: 20 years 49,'J95; 30 yor.rs

Federal, assistance of up to $9,995: Fcderal :,ssistance of S 10,000

LO

Federal_ assistance of $ i0,000 Lo $249,990; 40 years V l

Federal
assistance of 5250,000 and

over:

50 yoars

6. As further consideration for the payment to the iAITLIWiNTsof such funds a:, aiti.iy he avallohlo unior the National Historic Preserati Act of irif;Pa
a

specifically earmarked for

an acquisition ralhcr ChAil

hereby agree to
notify

dc.uclvp.nent pl::)jecu, the APPLICANT

PAI4NS that it has rectivoJ a iaona fide

1 acceptable offer to pui- chn:i, tlw property, an;, in addition, tho

it. purchase price and nther

tot- of ouch a poria42

of 30

shall have the

YIVL,

irrw., ora7 lc

6Lyn

the giving of such notice, to purchase !be premises at th

1 1.
fl

purchase price ant! oh the other uaturial ter:ts set forth in said

1 offer.
Thu AP;'LICANT,therchy agt- cc to maintain ohd
property in accorddace with iitandacds established
use said

by PARKS and

further agrees to voice no changea in the st:uccure or i.aTrovemo, ttts'

of said premises or additions therute without the prior approval

of PART 5.
B. The APPLIUWazhereby agree La hold, maintoin area administer such pcoparty for the benefit of the p.:blie at large

according to the public Leacfit olidelinen that shall be

promulgated by the :;ational Park Service purtnianu to ot.:ors granted it by the National Historic PreservJtica Act of l94J6 and

nhall tin

he published from time to

rime in il!!;ric
A copy of LOU

PuLlc.ion

and r i oC c d Ur eN.
2 -

it

...7.1.4fAollgimpitoinhommaMoir

47-1 400
currently applicable public h,netit wAdolines is attached hereto labeled Appendix I, and threhy incorporated herein. 9. The APPLI(lhereby adl lrr that it shall maintain such prcperty for Llw
forth is the

hcnodt arcordilv to Lhe terms sct

iim , distely precedir); paragraph for a period of

time to be determined by the amount of the grant. Such period

of time shall be dot:ermined in the sane manner and according to

the schedule set forth above in paragraph 4.

10. As

a iurchec consideration for the payment to the may he available under the National

APPLICANTSof such funds as

aistoric Preservation Act of 196 1i, the APPL1CANat;hereby agree to discover tnrongh consultation with whether or not tile

property of the APPLICANIl, for which funds ace requested, lies within on are., do:.iwaatoa by th,: and Urban Developroa all cases w:lere Departrailit of Kouning

a "ryecial flood hil;.!nrti area," and in , , rpperly IL)%1,1d to

:och i. .

"special flio..J haaar nrea" a policy of

further a,;ree -uo purchas,..i

insurance. The a .a:,)us s of suds re nquired

iarAirance shall hu determinad -aceordini, to standords ,.,opted by the federal Cc,vert.m.nt and sh.:11 :.nhject to the approval ef in:.tances whcrL Lue,:h insurnet.

the rational

is deemcd neet.4-1c:. the API'LIL.Ai ,:TShereLy a t,ree Lo include a 10, pa;.u clause jJi ',lie policy hieh
the National Park

Service. me AP:'LiCA:eknuviodi;, ',hat failure :a eumply with

this provision shall render'

federal funds.

the APPIALANLinali6i l.)le to

reucive

'

Y,40~101610r14111";

.
.
elite ) 1.11,(11i providing, howovi , r 1 Pas. L 1 n 11c. w.c.ck to: t

4771. 401
i
o i.fr.,Q to r inLI nl

1,11:AtrE; iv.)
i Cl.

1,, PARK:,
I rom

l'Alt1;:i :911011. I.B.11 I to tilt! A c.or11 instsr.ct ion da. , r I !Alm rict.71

Hugh Illsirrtt i.r , n and pro .) idi_nr, 1 usi !R.I .- that such in!T,ct Lon shall.

hr c ondur cril in
inte-r Cure with t t!
/

:2-1.1C11

a mann , r

ilL)L to unrc.n.synalo Ly disturb or

A /TI.ItAlirr ()pi Rion o

said proper I y PAM.'

-tre not

I I i II Lill'

d satisfactorily onintaininr the prupery !a) ns Lu prtiserve its

I

historical int. ,

Fitv, 1A11.1+11 shall 0.v, notice in writing of ; li ly

such brunch of cnndition nnd wiLhin a ppriod ni 60 days alter

rticci lit iii such n' 1 ;ci - , I In APPLICANTS,ii;yrt.c , to 1..:11'Ji such steps

li
as :Iry 11 .cessn ry I , . it re.quirvd rcnilltr unlr.e .5i Ei nI
jright
1.0 1.71 1 11111111ACt.'

t r,ir no,' Lu unrIc..r cake L ia

ts is ;old Spins (. do ') ,, C" L.1 - 1 ., cttiatc the

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APPLICANTS vi) 4-11.1,nitc go t+

pre m'rvt. t

IL int ,

:1!.S;

Ii 1 hu

and t

Pied f11;i1 1 c-n ,-,t j 1,11u cov411:1:,t..; ra,11; inv with the_ 1.mci. 15- ir. bur 10. :1; ; !-4-ed IL. I i. Iii risHi j n 1 hi 1, tor 11. I !I, I t. CIIis 10 LiiJ t I

Cli.rit I. i:, that monies th ,Jru: ,, r in IL- col- dal ...el.. r 11 the tint

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and amendment s the:A-LE , .

titIRMINNIMmilm

4771,, 4O?
le)
It

i5 Further agreed that 'Pile Hrw York Pohlio Lal,rary,

AStor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations saghn this agre,nenk

in its capacity as Tosco of the property and agl'ees to assume all those obligations consistent with its obligations under its LEASE AND AGREEMIATS FOR THE Uf,E AND OCCUPATION OF
TBE LIURARY BUILDLJC TO DE CON5TEUCTED 1:/ PPYANT PARE, which

is attached herfL.YJ and mode a part hereof.

/N WITNE:;; day of

EREDR, the portion hereto 11.0in this 2MN,

3- UPne

their hands and s9als

and have signed or caused tlusu prelent to he si ,pl.ad hY thuir

duly authorized representative,

DFFECE OF PARgS AND in.:CP ,..:AT101 ,1

TITLE APPLICANTS

uy
TITLE RONAI" !I:N.SCREL THE CITY OF NEW YORK Dl:PUTY MAYOR for INTER6OVIMNMENTAL xELATIONS

A.L.:

By

01,0*- rSfli047/

'

ti
'

; r P ,q7:!...91514,M00%11071,1e WW,7

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477 403
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Exhibit 4

BULLETIN
O} THE

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR LENOX

AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS

VOLUME I NUMBER 1 JA2TV,ABY 1897

CONTENTS
INTRODECTOET 6-T.4.TEXKLiT ADDRESS PERSENTED TO

Tan MAYOR, Mit_ECH 25, 1895

22

Besoxr OF TAE DI-FACTOR FOR

LIST OF PEXSCIPAL

Ma
38

Do

NEW YORK 1897

CONTENTS_
PAGE ALBANY CONGRESS OF 1754 (EmmET COLLECTION), . 76-81 Al4ER:ICA.N GENEA.LOGiES.

See Genealogies, American. AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS, etc., received in 1895-96, AMERICAN STATUTE LAWS, etc., received in 1895-96, ARcNrEoLoolr, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, ASTRONOMY, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, BOSTON TEA PARTY, FRANKLIN AND THE,
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY,

139-140

82-84 .-3I2-2a6 97-100, 121-124 2 44 152-158

34 1-34 2 185 125-136 351-364 137-138 62-63

See Periodicals.

CONFEDERATE STATES ATTORNEys-GENERAL, RECORDS OF CONNECTICUT AND -ritt CONTINENTAL. CONGRESS, CONTINENTAL. CONGRESS OF 774 (EMMET COLLECTION),

See also MEmBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS,

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (EMMET COLLECTION), EDUCATION, 1-11OHER, or WOMEN, DOCUMENTS RELATIVE TO, EMMET LIBRARY, MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS IN, EMMET COLLECTION :-

Albany Congress of 1754,

Stamp Act Congress of 1765, Continental Congress of 1774, 5-1 3 6 Members of the Continental Congress of 1774-89, 159-172,19r-200,227-236,257-267,289-299 Presidents of Congress and of the United States, 3 2 3-33z Declaration of Independence, . 35 1- 364
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, AND THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, GENEALOGIES, AMERICAN:Part 1, A-D, 247-256; Part 2, E-L, 280-288; 244

76-8 Ion-ro8

Part 3, M-R, 316-322; Part 4, S-Z, 343-35 0,

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, LANOVAGE AND PHILOLOGY, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, LAWS AND LEGISLATIVE JOURNALS, AMERICAN, received in r895 and 1896,
LRE, GENERAL CHARLES, TREASON in 1777, LONGFELLOW AND "ARCTURUS," MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS.

300-303 5 1-5 6

82-84
92-96 245-246

See Emmet Library; Eni -iet Collection;

73- 75

Smyth of Nibley Papers .

MATHEMATICS, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS (EMMET COLLECTION):New

Hampshire to Connecticut, 159-t7z; New York and New Jersey, 191-200; Pennsylvania and Delaware, 227-236; Maryland and Virginia, 257-267; Carolinas and Georgia, 289-299.
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY, PERIODICALS RELATING TO, MoMMSEN, THEODOR, TO GEORGE BANCROFT, - NEW HAVEN, PLEA FOR NON-IMPORTATION, 1770, ,

3c,0-303
120

18 4

NEw YORK OATH ROLLS OF 1753-57,44 -5 0 NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT:The Astor

Library, 3-5; The Lenox Library, 5-8; The Tilden Trust, 8-10;

coNTENT$
PAGE

The Consolidation, o-ir ; The Organisation of the Library, /1-4; Additions and Improvements, 14-16; The Future Site of the Library, x6-21; Address to the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty, 22-27; Book purchases and gifts, 85-87, 109-III, 141-143, 173-t75, 20120 3, 237-239; Classed purchases and gifts, 268-27r, 3 0 4-30 7, 333 335, 365 -367; Donors in 1895 and 1896, 38-40; Donors in 1897, 6-1 83, 112, 4- 44, 176, 204, 240, 2777 308, 336, 368; Gifu in 1895 and 1896, 57-6r, 82-84, 139-140. See also Report. . NEWSPAPERS, EARLY AMERICAN, received in 1895-96, NISBET, Da_ CHARLES, VIEWS OF AMERICAN SOCIETY :-No. I 116-t2o; No. 2, 180-183; No. 3, 312-315
. ,

139-140

PAYNE, JOHN HOWARD, TWO LETTERS, PERIODICALS AND SERIALS IN THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY AND COLUI6113IA UNIVERSITY LIRRARV:

151

Arch ae ology,

212 - 226

97-100, 121-124 Astronomy, Chemistry, 152-158 300-303 Geology, Language and Philology, 5 1-51 Mathematics, 73- 75 . 300-303 Mineralogy, 152-158 Physics, . 15.2-r58 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY, PERIOD. ICALS RELATING. TO, PLEA OF NEW HAVEN FOR NON-IMPORTATION, 1770, 154 PRESIDENTS OF CONGRESS, AND OF THE UNITED STATES (EMMET COLLECTION) 323-332

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FOR 1896, WITH SOME STATISTICS FOR 1895:-

Catalogues, 18-29; Classification and Shelf Location, 29; Character of the Collections, 30-3i; Gifts, 31-32; Purchases, 32-33, REPORT for January (open reference shelves, purchases and gifts), 43-44; February, 67; March, 91; April (TreadIvay collection, transfers, Emmet catalogue), 115-116; May (use of periodicals, preliminary competition for plan of building, Hebrew collection), 1 47 - 148 ; June, 179; July. 207; August, 243; September (new index catalogue), 275; October, art; November (site and plans of the new library building, Mr. Cadwalader's gift, new index catalogue at Lenox branch, check list of genealogies), 339-340. SMYTH OF NIBLEY PAPERS, 1613-1674, STAMP-ACT CONGRESS OF 1765 (EMMET COLLECTION), V1RGINLk, GEO. YEARDLEY'S LETTER FROM, 1619, VIRGINIA PAPERS, SMYTH OF NIELEY, 1613-74,
1 794,

186-19.6
10I - I08

YATE'S ACCOUNT OF A VOYAGE TO, IN 1619, .

68-72
72 186-190

WASHINGTON'S COPY-PRESS LETTERS:-Part I, 1792-94, 208-211; Part 2,

2 7 6-2 79. 149-150 137-138 68-72 72

WEARE, MESEIECI, PLAN FOR COLONIAL UNION, 175-4, YATE'S ACCOUNT OF A VOYAGE TO -`4T IRGCNIA IN 1619, YEARDLEY, GEORGE, LETTER FROM VIRGINIA, 1619 7

WOMEN, HIGHER EDUCATION OF, DOCUMENTS RELATIVE TO,

BULLETIN
OF ITIZ

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR _LENOX AND TILDEN YOUNDATIONS

JANuAR1r, M97.

No, 1_

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENL As introductory to the first number of the Library Bulletin, the following historical outline of the foundation of THE NEW YORK PUOLIC LIBRARY, ASTOR, LENOX AND TUA)EN FOUNDATIONS, and of the origin of its three constituent corporations,together with a brief account of the present condition and future prospects of the Library, has been prepared under the authority of the Board of Trustees. It is hoped that this statement may serve to make clear to the citizens of New York, and to all lovers of literature, the great possibilities of usefulness which are open to the Library, and_tliat it may also explain the limitations which have been imposed upon the action of the Trustees.
THE ASTOR LIBRARY.

The Trustees of the Astor Library were incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of the State of York, passed January 18, 1849. The original endow-ra,:nt came from a legacy under the will of JOHN JAcoB ASTOR, who died in New York early in the year 1848. His desire, as expressed in his will, was " to render a public benefit to the City of New York and to contribute to the advancement of useful knowledge and the general good of society," and he accordingly left the sum of four hundred thousand dollars for the "establishment of a Public Librag to be accessible at all reasonable hours and times, for gener al free ofexpense top er thereto." Following the detailed instructions of the testator, his Trustees applied to the Legislature of the State for such a charter as should "fully secure, establish and perpetuate this Institution and render its
3

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

management easy, convenient and safe, both to themselves and the public " ; and having obtained it they next proceeded to acquire from Mr. Astor's Executors a plot of land on Lafayette Place in the City of New York, to erect thereon a suitable building, and to purchase books sufficient to constitute a respectable nucleus for what should ultimately prove a great collection. WILLIAM B. AsToR, the son of the founder, was one of the first trustees of the Library, under his father's will, and was himself a liberal benefactor, During his lifetime he gave to the corporation a plot of land as an addition to its site, doubled the Library building-, advanced money for the purchase of books, and added to the endowment. His donations during his life amounted to $201,0oo, and by his will he left to the Library an additional sum of $249,00o, bringing his gifts up to a total of $450,o00. In the third generation. of the Astor family, JOHN JACOB ASTOR, JR., a son of William B. Astor, was for many years a diligent Trustee, serving as Treasurer of the corporation from 1868 until his death in 1890. During his lifetime he also presented to the Library an addition to its site, erected a wing to the building corresponding to that which his father had built, and gave largely for the purchase of books and for the preparation of the printed catalogue ; and by his will he bequeathed to the corporation the sum of $450,000. Another son of William B. Astor, WILLIAM ASTOR, who died in 1892, bequeathed to the corporation the sum of $50,0o0. These and other benefactions of lesser amounts were so carefully and wisely invested by the Trustees that on December 31, 1894, the total endowment fund of the corporation, consisting of securities and cash on hand, amounted to $94t,266,99. This was, of course, in addition to its site and buildings, and its books. The income of the Astor Library for the year 1S94 was $47,054.05, The number of bound volumes was 26o,61 The daily average of persons using the Library was 287. The Trustees of the Astor Library, at a very early period in its history, expressed their conviction " that not only the convenience_ of the public, but the preservation and safety of the library absolutely demanded, that the books should not be lent out or taken from the librar building under an circumstances. Ina library of reference, intended for studen ts, nical of time, and often coming from a distance for consultation, the necessity for every book required being always ready for examination without delay, must be -apparefi-t."

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

And in a report made to the Legislature of the State of Nev York in 1858, the Trustees reiterated their convictions, and further stated that they had "deemed it proper and necessary to prevent any further agitation of the subject by entesing on their records a stipulation expressing those views in such a form as to furnish a led e, not onl to the ublic, but to every friend of learning, who may hereafter feel disp2sed to aid the library bydonations or endowments." A reference to the minutes of the Trustees shows that this pledge was adopted at their meeting on the 29th of July, 1857, in the following tel pus
"Mr. [William B.] Astor stated, that the donations by him made, and some intended to be hereafter made, were on the understanding that it was the settled and unchangeable basis of administering the Library. that its contents should remain in the Library rooms, for use by readers there, and should not be lent out or allowed to be taken from the roams- and he requested that the views of the Board be freely and fully expressed. It was thereupon "Resolved, That the settled and unchangeable plan of administering the Library is the one a n ove express an un ers no. r. Astor; and the donations in money iand and at erwise, received from r. Astor, ancriT h7 hereafter received from him, and from other fries s vt learning, are received and will be administered according ta such plaEn, and dot otherwise."

Upon these terms, therefore, the larger part of the endowments of the Astor Library were expressly received, and its property was in consequence regarded by its Trustees as being held by them solely for the maintenance of a library of reference for students. To that purpose alone could their funds be rightfully devoted.
THE LENOX LIBRARY.

The Trustees of the Lenox Library were incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, passed January 20, 187o, which closely followed the language of the charter of the Astor Library, in empowering the Trustees to maintain a public library which should be " accessible at all reasonable hours during the day, for general use, free of expense to persons resorting thereto, subject only to such control and regulations as the said Trustees, from time to time, may exercise and establish for general convenience." The original endowment of the Library came from the gift made by JAMES LENOX of New York, in his lifetime, of a valuable site on Fifth Avenue,comprising the entire front upon Fifth Avenue of the block between 70th and 71st Streets and running back 125 feet ; of the great collection of manuscripts, Bibles, earl reprinted books, engravin gs, s, statuary, paintings, drawings and other works of art which he had gathered during a long life ;

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

and of a fund of three hundred thousand dollars. Mr, Lenox subsequently added largely to the fund he had first given, and lived to see the Library building completed_ His sister, Miss HENRIETTA A. LENOX, who died in 1886, bequeathed to the Library the sum of $1`00,000, " to be applied to the purchase of books only," and it was out of this bequest that the library of the late George Bancroft was purchased at acost of over $8o,000. Miss Lenox also devised to the Trustees of the Library the remainder of the block of land on which the building stands; so that the Trustees came into possession of the entire parcel bounded by 70th and 71st Streets and Fifth and Madison Avenues; a part of it, however, being subject (under Miss Lenox's will) to certain conditions as to its use more fully mentioned below. MARGARET WOLFE DUYCKINCK (widow of Evert A. Duyckinck), by her will, proved in 189o, enriched the Lenox Library by a legacy of all the valuable printed books, manuscripts and engravings she possessed, most of which had been collected by her late husband, and she left to the Library in addition all the rest of her property of every kind, subject to a still- existing life estate. The value of this residuary devise is known to be large, but as the property has not yet come into the possession of the Trustees no valuation has been put upon it, It is possible to speak in more definite terms of the pecuniary bequest made by MARY STUART (widow of Robert L. Stuart), who died in 1891, and not only left to the Trustees of the Lenox Library all her costly books, manuscripts, works of art and an extensive collection of minerals and shells, but also a share of her large residuary estate. The books, works of art and collections of natural history, under the express requirements of the will, are placed in a separate room of the Lenox building, and are held on condition that they "shall never be exhibited on the Lord's day." The share of Mrs. Stuart's residuary estate received from her executors amounts to $303,693.06. The collections of the Library were also largely increased by the valuable bequest by JOSEPH DREXEL of so much of his library as consisted of " works relating to the science of music, also all musical compositions and treatises, or other works on musical subjects." The additions made by these specific legacies, or by purchases, to Some extent changed the character of the Library, which was at first composed solely of the books and manuscripts of Mr. Lenox, many of which were quite unsuited to the general public ; the collection comprising numerous rare and costly editions of the Bible, the scarcer

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

Americana and specimens of early printing, besides many priceless manuscripts, of which the draft of Washington's Farewell Address is perhaps the finest. The Trustees, in their report made to the State Legislature, dated January 12, 1882, discussed at some length the peculiar characteristics of this Library. It was not, in their view, a great general library, intended for the use of readers in all or most of the departments of human knowledge, but was rather a group of special collections of books to which the generous taste and liberal scholarship of Mr. Lenox had been devoted; and they considered that the permanent security and preservation of these collections was their first duty, as it had been the primary purpose of the founder. They regarded the Library as having been established "for the public exhibition and scholarly use of some of the most rare and precious of such monuments and memorials of the typographic art and the historic oast" as had escaped the wreck of time; and such volumes were not to be subjected to the constant service of circulation or use in which they may be worn out or deitroyed." In other words, they treated their books as constituting a museum rather than a library, and to a certain extent this must always be the olic of those who are entrusted with the dut of reserving the collections of Mr. Lenox. With the growth of the Library a larger proportion of books became available for general use, and in November, 1887, the requirement of tickets of admission- which had theretofore prevailed was dispensed with and the Library was thrown open freely to all visitors. On December 31, t894, the securities and cash on hand, belongingto the Lenox Library, amounted in all to $5o5,o80.99 ; besides which the Corporation had a vested remainder in fee, subject to an outstanding life estate, in all the property of Margaret Wolfe Duyckinck. The receipts for the year 1894 (exclusive of payments on account of legacies) were $20,4.97.78. The number of bound volumes was about 86,000 The daily average of readers was 22, and in addition many thousands came to inspect the works of art and the exhibition of early books and manuscripts, bringing the daily average of visitors in 1894. up to 84. The books of the Lenox Library were not held upon any express trust limiting their use; but the collection was so largely composed of rare and costly works that it was manifestly unfitted for a lending library, or even for general popular use, and thus by its nature it was

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

carried out under the law as it then stood in the State of New York, and a suit was begun to test the validity of the testamentary provisions above mentioned. This suit was memorable, not only for the unusually large amounts involved, but also for the great diversity of legal and judicial opinion which the controversy elicited, Of eleven judges in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, five held that the residuary clauses were valid and six held that they were invalid. It was not until October 2.7, t89I, that the case was finally determined by the decision of the Court of Appeals, holding by a bare majority that the attempted disposition of the residue was void, This unfavorable result of the litigation would have stripped The Tilden Trust of all its property, but for the fact that before the determination of the Court of Appeals, an agreement of compromise was arrived at between Mr. Tilden's executors and The Tilden Trust On the one hand and Mrs, Hazarda niece of Mr. Tilden'son the other. Mrs. Hazard, as the only surviving child of Mr. Tilden's sister, was entitled to one-half of the residuary estate in case the Court of Appeals should declare against the validity of the residuary clauses, whereas if the Court should uphold those clauses, she would not be entitled to any part of it, The compromise agreement, which bears date May 29, r891, provided that the executors should pay Mrs. Hazard the sum of $975,00o, in consideration of which she released to The Tilden Trust all the interest she would have in the estate in the event of the residuary clauses being held invalid. The result of this arrangement was that upon the final determination by the Courts The Tilden Trust remained possessed of one-half of Mr,. Tilden's residuary estate, less the $975,000 paid to Mrs. Hazard, while the other half of the residuary estate was vested in certain other relatives of the testator. In March, 1892, an agreement was entered into for an amicable partition of the estate. Under this agreement certain securities, estimated to be worth $5oo,000, were set apart to provide for the payment of possible debts and liabilities, and for carrying out certain doubtful provisions of the will in the event of those provisions being sustained by the Courts. The remainder of the money and securities was accounted for and distributed. The real estate remaining in the hands of the executors was left undivided to await a favorable opportunity for disposing of it. And finally the household and personal effects of the testator were so divided that The Tilden Trust acquired Mr. Tilden's entire library, books, manuscripts, prints, engravings, pictures and

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT'

statuary, with the exception of one portrait which was set apart for the heirs. The Tilden Trust, therefore, on December 3 I- , 1894, was in possession of Mr. Tilden's fine private library, containing about 20,000 volumes. As an endowment fund, it held first, a large amount of personal property, the value of which could not be accurately stated owing to the fact that many of the securities of which it was composed were of a kind not generally dealt in upon the market ; second, a half-interest in so much of the contingent fund of $5oo,000 as might turn out not to be needed for debts, liabilities and doubtful trusts ; third, a halfinterest in the testator's real estate, including Mr. Tilden's residences in the City of New York, and at Yonkers, It was the opinion of the executors that the entire endowment might fairly be estimated to be worth $2,000,000 ; the residuary estate having turned out to be more valuable than they had at first ventured to anticipate. THE CONSOLIDATION_ As a result of an exchange of views during the year 1894, between certain members of the respective Boards of Trustees, negotiations were begun early in 1895 between the three corporations whose history has been briefly sketched above, looking to a consolidation in such form that the benefits of the three institutions rni ht be more wiZely disseminated among the people. The Astor and Lenox Libraries, occupying somewhat the same field, wereto a certain extentduplicating each other's work ; and their endowments, great as they were, produced revenues which were plainly insufficient to enable them to maintain reference libraries on a proper scale. It was for example, impossible for either Library to incur the increased expenses incident to the lighting of their buildings and of 'keeping- them open to the public except during the hours of daylight ; and it was equally impossible to fill up the numerous important gaps existing in their collections, or even to keep fairly abreast of current publications. The Tilden Trust, on the other hand, while possessing an important endowment, had only the bare nucleus of a collection of books, and having no suitable building, it was apparent that any effort by its Trustees to create an independent library would simply result in leaving The Tilden Trust in a position not suite so favorable as that of either the Astor or the Lenox Libraries_ Under these circumstances., the advantages of a consolidation were abundantly manifest. The difficulties in the way, however, were serious.

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

TI

The diversity of the trusts under which the properties of the three corporations were held, and the legal perplexities arising therefrom., as well as from the then existing legislation of the State of New York, not to speak of what may be termed the moral obligations tacitly assumed by the Trustees of one or other of the several bodies towards the founders and their families, were such as to make it necessary to proceed with extreme caution. But by February 22, t895, a provisional understanding was arrived at by the representatives of the three corporations. The legal difficulties arising from the condition of the statute law were removed by the passage of an Act of the Legislature on April 2, 1895, amending the previous act relative to the Consolidation of Library Corporations, Immediately thereafter negotiations were resumed and carried to a favorable conclusion by the separate action of the three corporations. On May 23, i895, a formal agreement was executed, pursuant to the terms of the enabling acts, whereby a consolidated corporation was formed under the name of Tut NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS, The terms of the agreement were as simple as possible. The new corporation was to establish and maintain a free public library and reading room in the Cit r of New York, with such branches as mi ht be deemed advisable, p_ip_oses set and was to " continue and promote the several objects andi. forth in the several acts of incorporation of The Trustees Of the Astor Library, The Trustees of the Lenox Library and The Tilden Trust." it was distinctly provided that the new_ corporation should make appropriate provision for faithfully keeping and observino - all the limitations, conditions or restrictions under which any of the funds or property of the several constituent corporations were to be used or en'oyed. The agreement of consolidation was duly filed in the proper offices on May 24, 1895, as required by the Act, and the first meeting of the TruLees of The New York Public Library was held on Monday, May 27th, 1895. At this meeting officers were elected, who are still in discharge of their duties, and standing committees were chosen. At a subsequent meeting By-Laws were adopted whereby the Trustees are to hold office continuously and not for a stated term, and vacancies are to be filled by a vote of the remaining Trustees, No vacancies have as yet occurred.
THE ORGANIZATION OF TEE- -LIBRARY.

The problems involved in the administration of so large an estate as that created by the union of the three original corporations, and the

NTRODUCTOR STATEMENT

i9

and the gathering together of their libraries and collections in the main building, and the furnishing to them of facilities for meetings ; and arrangements for the giving of lectures on scientific, literary and popular subjects_ In attempting to carry out these aims, it seemed to the Trustees to be not only just, but absolutely essential that public aid should be extended to such forms of instruction, designed solely for the benefit of the public. It was their belief that the time had come when at least an opportunity should be offered to the City for doing its appropriate part in the great work of extending the very best library facilities to all our citizens, although it was not then and never has been the intention of the Trustees to ask the City to do the whole or the greater part. By far the larger share has already been done by private munificence. The Trustees were of opinion that if they representing the great gifts of the founders of the Astor, Lenox and Tilden Libraries, should appeal to the authorities of the City for such aid as might be necessary to render those benefactions of the greatest benefit and usefulness to the people, their appeal would be met by the public authorities in a liberal spirit, in which they would be cordially sustained by public opinion. They accordingly resolved to apply to the City authorities for approval of such legislation as would enable the City to grant to the. Corporation, by some permanent tenure, a proper site for its library building, and such funds as might be necessary to enable the Corporation to construct and equip a suitable building thereon. It was, of course, apparent that no land belonging to the City was so favorably situated for the purpose suggested as the site of the present reservoir on Fifth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-second Streets. The Trustees, therefore, on March 25th, 1896, presented to the Mayor of the City a fol alai address, a copy of which is appended. The views of. the Trustees were further explained upon the same occasion in addresses by the President and First Vice-President of the Corporation. The Mayor expressed hig approval of these views so far as they related to the establishment of the Library upon the reservoir site, and, in accordance with his wishes, the Trustees proposed to apply in the first place only for such legislation as should enable the City to grant a site upon that ground, stating, however, that they reserved the right to apply at a future time for the grant of such funds as might be necessary to construct and equip a building. Upon examination of the Statutes relating to the subject it was found that authority had already been lodged in the Board of Alder-

20

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

men and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment by concurrent action to place the site of the reservoir under the control and management of the Department of Public Parks, and to remove the reservoir. And by an act passed in 1893 the Department of Public Parks was empowered to contract with The Tilden Trust for the use and occupation of any building that might thereafter be erected upon the site of the reservoir. All that was needed, therefore, was such an amendment of the last mentioned act as should fit the altered circumstances of the case. Early in May, 1896, the Legislature passed a law which authorized the Department of Public Parks, upon the removal of the reservoir, to enter into a contract with this Corporation for the use and occupation of said land, or of any part thereof, by the said corporation and its successors for establishing and maintaining a free public library and reading room and carrying out the objects and purposes said corporation * * * and said contract may provide that such use and occupation may continue so long as the said The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, or its successors, shall maintain such free librar and readin' room. u on said land." This Act, under the provisions of the State Constitution, was submitted to the Mayor for approval, and a public hearing was had before him on May t2th, 1896, Some opposition was made by various citizens at this hearing. The Board of Fire Underwriters objected on the ground of the supposed necessity of the reservoir as a part of the City's system of water supply_ Certain residents of the vicinity objected on the ground that if the reservoir were removed, the whole of the land which it occupied should become an open park_ The Mayor, nevertheless, approved the act, and it became law on May 19th, t896, by the signature of the Governor, The Trustees then applied to the Board of Aldermen for the passage of a resolution by which the land occupied by the reservoir should be placed under the control and management of the Department of Public Parks, that being under the existing statutes the first step towards procuring a removal of the reservoir. Public hearings were again had before a Committee of the Board of Aldermen and a large amount of testimony was offered upon the subject of the value of the reservoir as a means for storing and distributing water. It was, on the whole, the unanimous judgment of those most competent to form an opinion, that when the large water mains, now being laid in Fifth Avenue, should have been completed south of the reservoir, its usefulness would unquestionably be at an end.

INTRODUCTORY STATE ENT

2I

On June Sot h, 1896, the Committee of the Board of Aldermen reported in favor of passing a resolution placing the reservoir site under the control and management of the Department of Public Parks, but with a proviso that the reservoir should not be removed until the new mains had been laid and were ready for use as far south as Thirtyeighth Street. The Aldermen, however, took no action on this report until December 22d, 1896, when the resolution recommended by the Committee was unanimously adopted. It was approved by the Mayo( two days later. It still remains for the Trustees to secure from the Board of Estimate and Apportionment the proper authority for the removal of the reservoir ; and then to enter into negotiations with the Department of Public Parks for a contract allowing the use of the reservoir site for the establishment of a library building. The Trustees feel confident that the enlightened views of the public authorities will lead to a favorable consideration of both applications. The question of the source from which the means are to be provided for erecting and equipping a building on the reservoir site is still open. The Trustees are of the opinion that the City authorities would be amply justified in approving an expenditure of the City's funds for that purpose. Precedents for such an outlay on the most generous scale may be found in the recent action of the Cities of Boston and Chicago. But if the City authorities are unable to see their way to incurring the necessary addition- to the public debt, it is hoped by the Trustees that private liberality may make good the needs of the library. Certainly no man could erect for himself more splendid memorial than such a building freely given to his fellow-citizens.

Exhibit 5

XXX.
ADDRESS TO THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND COMMONALTY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

PRESENTED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO THE HON. WILLIAM L. STRONG, MAYOR, AT THE CITY HALL, MARCH 25, 1S95.

gip Dim Park. 113ablir fibrarp, formed by the consolidation of the Astor and Lenox Libraries, and the Tilden Trust, having perfected its legal organization, the Trustees must now decide as to the scope of the work to be undertaken by the consolidated body, and as to the site and character of its building. The charters of the individual cor orations and the trusts assumed towards the founders of the libraries and other benefactors render it necessary in an _event that the Astor and Lenox collections shall always remain in the library for use by readers there, and shall not be lent out or allowed to be taken by individuals from the building. This necessarily involves the erection of a building adequate for convenient access by the public, and with sufficient accommodation for the large additions which are necessary to make these collections such a library of reference as is required in this City. While the present collections are of great value as a foundation, they are, nevertheless, small and incomplete in comparison with the great libraries of other countries, and the present buildings are in many respects unsuitable and wholly inadequate to the future needs of the Corporation. The annual income of the. Corporation at the present time is about Sr6o,coo, This amount will eventually be somewhat increased by the sale of property now unproductive, including one
,

125

126 14

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARK.

or both of the present library buildings. On the other I income will be reduced, if the Corporation is compell its own funds, to erect a suitable building. The expenses of such a reference library as must tained will be necessarily very large. In order to cam' maintain the present collections, an outlay of not less that a year is necessary. In addition, large sums must be e; as opportunity offers, to fill up the numerous existi: The Astor and Lenox Libraries are now kept open di. hours of daylight only; but the cost of maintenance any istration, including repairs, heating, lighting, cleanir loguing, &c., will amount to $75,ocio a yearand this increase with the increase of the collections. If the are to be kept open during the evening, there will be increase In the cost of administration. The Trustees are, therefore, satisfied that although solidated Corporation will probably have means stiff enable it to maintain a free reference library with ample rooms and accommodation for students ; nevertheles Corporation shall provide its own site, whether from owned or to be acquired, and erect thereon a building 5 the future needs of such a library alone, its income will ficient to do more than to maintain the same in full effic To accomplish this result will, indeed, be no small ment, because in considering the subject, no one cari f impressed with the meagre and unsatisfactory provisio ing in the City of New York, either for scholars and sti a reference library, or for home reading through a li circulation. The following table shows the number of books in th pal Libraries of the World :
LIBRARY. CITY.

Bibliotheque Nationale British Museum Imperial Library Royal Library Royal Public Strasburg University Library of Congress

Paris London St. Petersburg. Munich Berlin Strasburg Washington

ADDRESS TO THE MA YOR.

LIBRARY. Public Library Imperial Library Bodleian Library Leipsic University Royal Library Stuttgard University Buda-Pesth Library Cambridge University. Biblioteca Nacional Gottingen University National Central Vienna University St. Mark's National ........... Public Library Royal Library Royal Library National Library Heidelberg University Harvard University Chicago University New York Public Library.. CITY. Boston Vienna Oxford Leipsic Copenhagen Stuttgard Buda-Pesth . Cambridge, England Madrid Gottingen Florence Vienna . Venice Hamburg Brussels Dresden The Hague Heidelberg Cambridge, Mass Chicago New York

127
VOLUMES. 60o, oco 570,000 530,000 504,000 500,000 500,000

463,000
450,000 450,000 450, 000 437,000 418,000 415,000 410,000 405,000 400,000 400, 000 400,000 400.000 380.000 350,000

In other countries, and in other portions of our own country, it has been considered an essential duty of the State to provide adequate support for a great Public Library. In our City no real obligation in that respect has been assumed on the part of the public authorities; and the entire subject has been practically left to private enterprise or private benefaction. While millions have been spent upon Parks, Armories and Public Improvements, public contributions to libraries have been insignificant. But private benefactions, however generous, cannot be expected to supply, unaided, the means that are essential to the establishment and maintenance of a library of the first rank. Thus the Parliamentary appropriations for the current year for the British Museum amount to . 157,784, or about $75o,000; to which must be added the income from six funded bequests, and the value of all the books, pictures, charts and other publications of the British press, which it receives without cost under the operation of the copyright laws. The following table exhibits the amount expended by the public authorities of the City of New York for library work, as

128

LIBRARY' BUILDING IN BRYANT PARA'.

compared with the expenditures of some other cities in this country :

CITY.

POPULATION IN 1890,

PUBLIC LIBRARY INCOME.

INCOME PER I, 000 OF POPULATION.

Springfield, Mass Boston, Mass.* Peoria, Minneapolis, Minn Worcester, Mass Hartford, Conn Newark, N. Lowell, Mass Toledo, 0 Omaha, Neb. Providence, R. Detroit, Mich Cincinnati, 0 San Francisco, Cal Milwaukee, Wis Chicago, St. Louis, Mb, . Baltimore, Md Cleveland, 0 New York.

44, 1 79 44 5 ,477 41,024 164,73 8 84, 6 55 53,22o 181,830 77, 696 81,434 140,452 132,146
205,876 296,908 2 9 8 ,997 204,468 37,099 , 8 5 0

$25,000 170,000 15,000 55,000 28,36o 15,000 41,00o 1 4, 639 15,00o 24,000
22,000 34,000 41,000 40,000 25,000 I25,000

$565.88 379. 06 36 5. 63 333.86 335.00 281.84 225.48 188.41 184.19 170,87

166.43 165.14 138.08 1 33-7 8 122.21 113.65

45 1;77 0 434,439 2 6 1,353 1,515,301

54, 000 50,000 28,000 40, 000

11 9 . 53 115.09 107.13 26.39

Past experience seems to have demonstrated that no reference library-no matter how complete or how freely thrown open to the public-can really and thoroughly either interest the public or provide for its wants. To accomplish this result an adequate and satisfactory Free Public Library System must aim at the circulation of books for home reading, both for cultivation and recreation, in addition to supplying the needs of scholars. In no other way can the benefits of education and training of the public school system be preserved and made effective. Moreover, the providing of a single library from which the public may draw books is not sufficient in a large city, and the system is only successful where its benefits are brought by means of many stations within reasonable reach of all. In other words,
* Land and building provided by City. Cost of building about $2,361,000, f Land and building provided by City. Cost of building about 1,325,800.

ADDRESS TO THE MA YOR.

129

what is necessary for real public interest and lasting public benefit, is a great central library of reference and exhibit, and in addition, the public must be provided with the means of procuring books for home reading within some reasonable distance of their residences. The beginning of a movement for free circulation of books has been made by the New York Free Circulating Library, and on a smaller scale by other associations; but their means and facilities are entirely inadequate to the demands and needs of the public. The Trustees are satisfied that that organization will gladly co-operate in the establishment of a satisfactory Public Library System. As early as 1847 the State of Massachusetts authorized a tax to establish a free library in Boston, and in 185 1 such law was made general throughout the State of Massachusetts. As the result of this legislation, over two hundred towns in that State now have public libraries, containing an aggregate considerably in excess of two million volumes. Many other States have nearly kept up to the Massachusetts standard, ,9, lad in New Hampshire it was proposed, in 1893, for the first time to make it obligatory on towns to have and maintain public libraries in the same manner in which public schools are maintained. An act to this effect was passed in 1895. The promoters of this legislation proceeded on the theory that it was unpardonable to make large yearly expenditures for common schools, and then deny to the public the means of further education. Indeed, a popular public library, bringing sound literature within the reach of every man's home, is in a very real sense a part of the educational system of the State. Education. ought not to stop with the public school, nor even with the high school. It is necessary also to provide the higher school which a well-equipped popular library can alone afford. Moreo ,,er the State has a profound interest in aiding .the circulation of ideas that are not ephemeral. The best influence of a popular press must largely depend upon its having within reach a complete storehouse of scientific, economic and historical facts, with which to correct the crudeness of hasty judgments of great social and national movements.

130

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARK.

The State of New York, although under early laws some provision was made for district school libraries, was one of the most backward of all the States of the Union, having until very lately no free library law; but public libraries are now a. part of the educational system of the State, and good results should be expected from the present law in the smaller towns and cities. Nevertheless no Public Library System has been adopted for the City of New York, and the modest contributions made by it to the general object of libraries, bear a sad comparison with the amounts contributed for other laudable objects. It is plain that the City of New York should have a broad and comprehensive Library System, adequate to furnish recreation and instruction to all. It is equally plain that while the means at the command of this Corporation are entirely inadequate to undertake the whole work, nevertheless its existing organization and the resources at its command offer to the public an opportunity to secure at a minimum cost such a Public Library System as shall be in keeping with the importance, dignity and magnitude of the City. If the present opportunity be lost, long delay will ensue in establishing any such system ; the expense must be enormously increased; and as this Corporation will have entered on its work, within the limits possible to it with its present resources, a new library will, to a considerable extent, again create the very evils from which the several organizations, by their consolidation, have sought to escape. In this condition of affairs, the Trustees of The New York Public Library have deemed it their duty to make a frank presentation of these facts, and to tender to the public their aid and all the resources at their command toward the foundation of a Great Public Library, able to supply the needs of all classes, and which shall do honor to the City. If the City of New York will furnish a proper site, and provide the means to erect thereon a suitable building for the purposes of the New York .Public Library, excluding for the present the req ,Arernents of branch libraries or delivery stations other than those now controlled by the Free Circulating Library, then the New York Public Library can, through the sale of its present sites, obtain such an addition to its funds as will justify it

ADDRESS TO THE MA YOR.

131

in providing for the circulation of books from its main building. If further funds can be supplied from private benefaction or otherwise, sufficient to establish and maintain an adequate number of branches for circulation, it is certain that the City of New York can and will have a free Public Library on the broadest and most comprehensive plan. It must be borne in mind that in suggesting that the City should thus do something towards securing the amplest resultS from the endowments which we owe to the munificence and wise forethought of three successive generations of the Astor family, of James and Henrietta Lenox, and of Samuel J. Tilden, the Trustees are asking no favors for themselves or the Corporation they represent. They are seeking only to supply the best service possible for all the people of the City. Every dollar diverted into buildings will simply diminish the means that would otherwise be available for the supply and distribution of books. Nor will any aid that the City may give prove an unproductive outlay. On the contrary, it is believed to be susceptible of demonstration that the erection by the City of such a building as this Corporation requires, in a fitting locality, will add to the City's revenue; for it will largely increase the taxable value of all neighboring property. Should the suggestions of the Trustees be favorably received, no site within the control of the City could accomplish the ends in view as well as that of the Reservoir upon Fifth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-second Streets. The site is an ideal one for such a building. It is to-day the most central and easily accessible spot on the Island, and will be rendered even more so by new means of communication. Within a single block are two lines of surface cars and two elevated railroads, running north and south. The Forty-second Street surface road intersects all the chief thoroughfares that connect the upper with the lower part of the City. Less than three hundred yards away is the common terminus of the three principal railroads running into the City. And not only does this site command these incomparable advantages at the present time, but it is impossible to foresee a time when it cannot

132

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARA-.

retain a like superiority. At no point further north can any similar convergence of public modes of travel ever be anticipated. On this site it will be possible to erect a library building, dignified, ample in size, visible from all sides, with uninterrupted light, free from all danger of fire, in no respect encroaching upon the existing Bryant Park, and which will be an ornament to the City. The Park area would indeed be increased by substituting a library building for the Reservoir_ The Reservoir measures 455 feet by 42o. A library building 35o feet by 300 would offer all the accommodations which the most sanguine would probably think it wise at present to provide; and even this would leave a margin of more than too feet on the avenue and more than 5o feet on each side street, to be Iaid out with grass and shrubbery. The City would then have no quarter more inviting. The library would in effect bring the Park to Fifth Avenue; while reciprocally the Park would add enormously to the attractiveness, security and usefulness of the library. In order to afford the City and the public the opportunity of determining whether they will now have such a great, wellequipped, and really popular library, for the benefit of all the peoplethe Board of Trustees of The New York Public Library hereby respectfully apply to the City authorities for their approval of such legislation as will enable the City to grant to this Corporation, by some permanent tenure, a proper site for its Library Building and such funds as may be necessary to enable this Corporation to construct and equip its building thereon; and that the site of the present reservoir on Fifth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-second Streets, be granted for that purpose, if compatible with the public interest. When we consider the extent to which an institution of the character proposed may fairly be expected to strengthen the police, diminish crime, raise public standards of morality, attract to our city men from every department of industry and every walk of Life, add to the operative power of our people, and extend the influence of our Commonwealth, it can hardly

ADDRESS TO THE MA YOR.

183

be regarded otherwise than a privilege for the City to share in the work. TEE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS.
JOHN BIGELOW,

President.
GEORGE L. RIVES,

Secretary.

Exhibit 6

XXXII. PROVISION OF THE GREATER NEW YORK CHARTER, AUTHORIZING AND DIRECTING THE COMMISSIONER OF PARKS TO MAKE . A CONTRACT WITH THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS, FOR THE USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE LAND OCCUPIED BY THE RESERVOIR AT FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTIETH AND FORTY-SECOND STREETS, FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF A FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY AND READING ROOM.* CHAPTER XII.
_Department of Parks. TITLE I. The Parks.

523. Whenever, pursuant to lawful authority, the land at present occupied by the reservoir at Fifth avenue and Fortieth
* Chapter 516 of the Laws of 1893 amended Section 696 of the Consolidation Act (Laws of 1882, Chapter 410), which related to the occupation by the American Museum of Natural History of buildings in Manhattan Square, by the addition of the foliowin provision: " The department of public parks is hereby authorized, in their discretion, to make and enter into a contract with the Tilden trust, a corporation duly organized under the laws of this state, for the use and occupation by such corporation of any building that may be hereafter erected in pursuance of law upon lands belonging to the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of the city of New York, between Fortieth and Forty-second streets and Fifth and Sixth avenues in said city and establishing and maintaining therein a free library and reading room and carrying out the objects and purposes of said corporation. This provision was amended (Laws of r896, Chapter 714) by the substitution therefor of a. provision substantially identical with the above-quoted Section 623 of the Greater New York Charter (Laws of 1897, Chapter 378, as amended Laws of 1901, Chapter 466).

136

SECTION 623 OF GREA TER NE W YORK CHARTER.

137

and Forty-second streets shall be made a public park, and the removal of said reservoir shall have been duly authorized and directed, the commissioner for the boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond is hereby authorized and direct..7fti to make and enter into a contract with the New York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations, a corporation duly organized under the laws of this state, for the use and occupation of said land, or of any part thereof, by the said corporation and its successors, for establishing and maintaining thereon a free "E. Lbliclibrary and reacliELI-oom, and for carrying out the objects and purposes of said corporation in accordance with the provisions of the agreement of consolidation between.the trustees of the Astor library, of the Lenox library and of the Tilden trust, and the several acts incorporating the said several corporations; and said contract may provide that such use and occupation shall continue so long as the said the New York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations, or its successors, shall maintain such free public library and reading room upon said land.

Exhibit 7

XXXV.
ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSTRUCTION BY T CITY OF NEW YORK OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARK.

AN ACT

to provide for the construction of a pul building in Bryant park in the city of New Yc to be occupied by the New York public libr2 Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations.*
PASSED xg MAY, 18g7,
LAWS LAWS

or

1897, CHAPTER CHAPTER

AMENDED 23 APRIL, 1900.

of rgoo,

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate Assembly, do enact as follows :

_Election 1. The land now occupied by the reservoir u Fifth avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-second streets. the city of New York, having been made, pursuant to lam authority, a portion of a public park, known as Bryant pz the department of public parks in the city of New York is her , authorized to remove the reservoir, now occupying a portiot such Bryant park, and to erect, construct, maintain, equip furnish in said Bryant park, or in or upon any portion then a suitable and appropriate fire-proof building, in accorda with plans to be made and prepared by the trustees of the ? York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundatic and to be approved by the board of estimate and apporti
4-

Amendments of 1900 are printed in italics. 140

ACT OF 1897.

141

ment in the city of New York; such building to be used and occupied as a public library and reading room by the said the New York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations, a consolidated corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of New York, and for the purpose of carryingout theb:ects and purposes of said corporation, in accordance with the agreement of consolidation whereby said corporations was constituted, and the several acts incorporating the trustees of the Astor library, the trustees of the Lenox library and the Tilden trust.

Oettion 2. The said department of public parks shall prepare and submit to the board of estimate and apportionment forms of contracts, specifications and bonds for the faithful performance of the work and the furnishing of materials required, from time to time, to be approved by the corporation counsel of the city of New York as to form. When such contracts and -specifications, and the form of bond, shall have been approved by the board of estimate and apportionment, the commissioners of public parks shall advertise for sealed bids or proposals for doing the work and furnishing the materials, as called for by the contract; which advertisement shall be published in the City Record and in two daily newspapers to be designated by the said commissioners at least fifteen days consecutively before the time fixed for the closing of the bids. All bids or proposals shall be enclosed in sealed envelopes addressed to the said commissioners of public parks, and shall be accompanied by a deposit of such amount, if any, as said commissioners shall decide. The contracts may be several, and cover such portion or portions of the work respectively as the said board of estimate and apportionment shall decide. The bids shall be opened by said commissioners, and shall be submitted to the board of estimate and apportionment. Said board may select such bid or bids, proposal or proposals, the accept. ance of which will, in their judgment, best secure the efficient performance of the work, or they may reject any or all of said bids and direct a readvertisement, as herein above provided, The said department of parks, is hereby authorized to use and

142

LIBRARY BUILDING IN BRYANT PARA'.

employ in and abOut such erection and construction the materials composing said reservoir or any part thereof, or wholly to remove the same, or to sell and dispose of the same, or any part thereof, provided, .however, that the actual removal of such reservoir shall not be made until that portion of the mains for an additional supply of water, authorized by chapter 669 of the Laws of 1896, shall have been laid and made ready for use, as far south as Thirty-eighth street, and until the department of public works of said city of New York, shall have made such connections and readjustments of the water pipes for distribution of the water supply as may be necessary; and shall certify to the board of estimate and apportionment that such connections and readjustments have been made.

ger-firm a. The said board of estimate and apportionment in said city is further authorized, at any time.after the passage of this act, to enter into a contract with the said the New York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations, for the use and occupation by such corporation and its successors of the building so to be erected, constructed, equipped and furnished for the purpose of maintaining therein a public library and reading-room and carrying on the objects and purposes of the said corporation as provided by the said 'agreement of consolidation and the several acts incorporating the said several corporations respectively, and any amendments to be hereafter authorized to the same, which contract shall provide for such use and occupation so long as the said the New York public library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations shall maintain such public library and reading-room therein and shall use said building so to be erected for the purpose thereof. The said contract shall provide for the establishment and maintenance of a free circulating branch in said library and that the same shall be open for the use of the public during the day time on Sunday and during the evening of each other day of the week for such term as may be prescribed by the proper authorities in control of said library when the same is opened, the hour for the closing of said branch of the library on each evening to be not earlier than ten o'clock.
,

gation 4. For the purpose of providing means for carrying into effect the provisions of this act, including the cost of the removal of the reservoir and the erection, construction, equipment and furnishing, of the building hereinbefore authorized,
and the grading and terracing of the land about said building, and the construction of suitable sidewalks, terraces, steps and other approaches, it shall be the duty of the comptroller of the city of New York,
upon being thereunto authorized by the board of estimate and apportionment, to issue and sell consolidated stock of said city

in such amounts as said board shall from time to time in its discretion determine to be needed, and at such a rate of interest as may be
fixed by said comptroller, not exceeding four per centurn per annum. Said stock shall provide for the payment of the principal and interest in gold coin of the United States of America, and shall be free from taxation and shall be redeemable within a period of time not exceeding forty-five years from the date of their issue. It shall not be sold for less than the par value thereof. The proceeds of the same shall be paid out and expended for the purposes for which the same are issued upon vouchers certified by the department of public parks. The aggregate amount of said stock, to be issued under the provisions

of this act, shall be fixed by the board of estimate and apportionment gn its discretion.*
aertian 5. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed.

&akin 6.

This act shall take effect immediately.

* The act of 1897 provided as follows : " The aggregate amount of said stock, to be issaed under provision of this act, not exceed two millions, five hundred thousand dollars."

Exhibit 8

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mirth Marx, and with other library alficiels, and after further discussions with Mr. Foster. I'm not buying it,
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Even after all these years, more lime is needed to figure this thing out. The plan entails closing two troubled branches: the dilapidated Mid-Ma h ut. :1 a across the street, which serves r..5 million visitors a year, and the Science. Industry and Business library, a profligate investment from 20 years ago that remains a cautionary tale. This time the bright idea involves demolishing the deteriorating seven floors of the structurally integral book stacks in the vault space under the Rose Main Readirw Room at 42nd Street, and in its place installing a brandnew circulating library, designed by Mr. Foster: major transplant surgery, with the great building designed by Carrere and Hastings as guinea pig.

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Closing these two branches and consolidating operations will save money, library officials insist. Selling the two buildings that house the 'branch libraries should raise a fortune. The books now in the 42nd Street stacks (a space whose decades-long decline, through various renovation campaigns, suggests to me a kind of demolition by neglect) would be sent to state-of-the-art storage below Bryant Park and in New Jersey,
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the same time, rooms now unused in the 42nd Street building would be thrown open to writers and children. And so the research library would be joined under one roof with a circulating one.

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The motivation is money, and there's no denying that the library needs it Combined with private donations and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's commitment of $150 million from taxpayers, the plan is. supposed to accumulate an endowment that would yield perhaps $7 million to 515 million a year, partly by eliminating the expense of operating the branches. That mon ey would go toward buying more books, rehiring laid-off staff members and other things the public needs. So library officials see it. The parties in charge are earnest in their conversations. While remaining hard to pin down on the dollar amounts, they are eager to demonstrate that every conceivable alternative strategy has been explored, weighed, re-examined and rejected. Proceeding in any other way than by investing in this potential Alamo of engineering, architecture and finance would be irresponsible, they've concluded. I have found this to be a notuncommon ncommon phenomenon among cultural boards, a form of architectural Stockholm syndrome. There is, in the abstract, something catchy about the Chinese puzzle ingenuity of the plan, about the consolidation and reinvention of the century-old stack space. I can see how the idea caught on. The problem with it is not, as many , writers and scholars have complained, its excessive populism or the inconveniencing of researchers who might have to wait an extra day for books to arrive at 42nd Street from New Jersey, These snobbish-sounding objections have only fueled the library's public relations offensive, which has advertised the plan as democratizing a building that many New Yorkers find intimidating. But the library, free and open, is already an exemplar of democracy at its healthiest and best, of society making its finest things available to all. Climbing the library steps, passing the lions, rising up to the reading room where anyone can ask for hooks, enshrines, wawnytitnes.oarn2013/01/30/artsidesigninorman-tosters-public-iihrary-MI-need-structural-magic.html?pag ewanted=a1l& ra0 2/5

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architecturally, the pursuit of enlightenment. Inspiring more people to reach those heights is the library's loftiest mission. Peddling "democracy" as if it were a popularity contest is what "American Idol" does. The library makes a hollow case about how much square footage of the building is now closed to the public and will be opened. The Metropolitan Museum is 2.4 million square feet; less than one million of that is public space. The American Museum of Natural History is i.8 million square feet; 700,000 is public. The value of an institution isn't measured in public square feet. But its value can be devalued by bad architecture. And here we get to the schematics Mr. Foster finally unveiled last month. They aren't worthy of him. After more than four years, this hardly seems the best he can do. The designs have all the elegance and distinction of a suburban mall. I was reminded that Mr. Foster is also responsible for the canopied enclosure of the inner court at the British Museum, a pompous waste of public space that inserts a shopping gallery into the heart of a sublime cultural institution. At the least, the 42nd Street library will require Mr. Foster's full attention, or the attention of another architect, one with a genius for devising a pleasing and functional place deserving of this building in a vault never intended for the public. Carrere and Hastings devised the stacks with a long wall of narrow, deeply recessed windows slotted between wide piers to keep daylight off the books, not to give library patrons views of the outside. You can see these windows from Bryant Park, below the arched windows of the Rose Reading Room. They look penitentiary. To make a virtue of their oppressiveness, Mr. Foster has pulled the various floors of the circulating branch back from the wall, creating balconies that officials hall as an architectural boon because visitors will be able to take in the full height of the slot windows. To me, what results is an awkward, cramped, banal pastiche of tiers facing claustrophobia-inducing windows, built around a space-wasting atrium with a curved staircase more suited to a Las Vegas hotel. Equivalent in size to the Rose Reading Room, but chopped into floors, this former bookstack vault provides about the same amount of public space now in the two branches that the library wants to close. Leaving aside renovations and additional rooms elsewhere in the building (rooms that could be opened now, independent of the rest of the plan), we're talking about a straight-up trade, in terms of space, that costs $3oo million. And that's if you believe the budget. Library officials point out that the numbers aren't official yet. Mr. Marx acknowledged to me that the cost might well rise to $340 or $350 million. But the library won't permit it to go higher, he vowed. I can't recall a single major building project at a cultural institution whose original budget hasn't ballooned, too often catastrophically. Every one of those projects began with a pledge of vigilance. And the more calamitous of them (museums in Milwaukee, Denver, Rome, Amsterdam, Ottawa, the list goes on) involved engineering feats and celebrated architects. In this case the engineering hurdle is that the book stacks are a forest of 1,300 steel columns that support the Reading Room. Removing those columns now to make way for Mr. Foster's library will be like "cutting the legs off a table while dinner is being served," as 11a, the principal pal in charge of the project at R.obert Silman Associates, the Jose h Torthre engineering firm enlisted by the library, recently put it to The Wall Street Journal. Today's engineers have all manner of high-tech tools at their disposal, and Silman is a topnotch outfit. But homeowners know what happens when contractors talk about performing magic tricks. Even if Sihnan's pros ensure that the reading room doesn't collapse, the whole rationale for the plan the annual millions promised for acquisitions, librarians and so on comes crashing to earth if the finances don't work out. So let's step back. Put the plan aside for a moment and ask the big question: What do New Yorkers actually want from the library system today? Circumstances have evolved over the last few years. Technology is changing, and so are reading habits and urban www.nytimes.corni2013101/301artsidesig n/norman-fosters-public-library-wi 11-need-structural-rnag ic.hlml?pag ewanted= al I & r=0
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I-i - UtJUL;

demographics. The public thirst for neighborhood branches has become unquenchable. Financial honchos who cough up big bucks to carve their names on 42nd Street for the . sake of posterity might recall that An arew Carnecie made himself immortal by supporting and building the small local branches that now more than ever are anchors of their neighborhoods all across the city. They're the ones that really need the money. The library should make a case for them, vigorously. Officials make a decent argument for concentrating on a new central circulating library instead. But at a time of flux and before any contracts are signed, the library owes New Yorkers a clear and open accounting of both its plan and some alternatives. It should make public a detailed cost analysis by at least one independent party not one of the firms the library has already hired. I gather that Mr. Foster is back at the drawing board, pursuing revisions that might be less expensive and incorporate more of the historical elements of the stacks. We'll see if they're any better. Or maybe the library might even wish to open up the project to other architects. As for those alternatives, the Mid-Manhattan site at present has the potential to be redeveloped as a 20-story building. The library could also sell some too,000 square feet of unused space at the site, or seek city permission to transfer air rights (there may be more than a million square feet) from 42nd Street. A new Mid-Manhattan branch should cost a fraction of gutting the stacks and could produce much better architecture. Library officials recapitulate that they've run the numbers for redeveloping MidManhattan and that they don't work: They'd lose much or all of the taxpayer money Mayor Bloomberg has committed, lose the benefits of consolidation and would still have to repair the stacks at 42nd Street. That said, the last thing they'd want to be remembered for is trashing their landmark building and digging a money pit. They might check out the names of the lions on the front steps, for prudence's sake. Patience and fortitude.
A

yersbn of this article appeared in print on January; 0, 2013, on page Al of the New York edition with the headline: In Renderings for a Library Landmark, Stacks of Questions, Still.
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I am baffled why the board of the NY Public Library didn't choose an

architect who specializes in restorations and renovations of Beaux Art buildings. They should have taken a short walk to Grand Central, a lovely example of what can be done by someone who understands and respects tradition, but also recognizes the need for adaptive reuse of public spaces to respond to modern needs. It's tricky, but there are architectural firms which know how to accomplish this difficult undertaking with the elegance and grace changes this magnificent building deserve. I was especially amazed by the comment from the engineer that this hideous and expensive design is not structurally sound. That in and of itself should be enough to kill the project and start over with another architect.
Jan. 31, 2013 at 9'05 a.m. RECOMMENDED 16

Medical Physics Guy New York, NY

Total agreement with the critical comments of Norman Foster and his destruction of the great court at the British Museum. www.nytimes.corn/2013/01/301artaidesign/norman-fosters-public-library-wilkneeci-structural-magic.hirrOpagewanted=a11& r=0 4/5

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By ADA LOUISE HUMS LE

New York
There is no more important landmark building in New York than the New York Public Library, known to New Yorkers simply as the 42nd Street Library, one of the world's greatest research institutions. Completed in 1911 by CarrOre and Hastings in a lavish classical Beaux Arts style, it is an architectural masterpiece. Yet it is about to undertake its own destruction. The library Is on a fast track to demolish the seven floors of stacks just below the magnificent, two-block-long Rose Reading Room for a $300 million restructuring referred to as the Central Library Plan. The plan would consolidate three librariesmoving the popular MdManhattan circulating library (just across Fifth Avenue at 40th Street) and the underused Science, Industry and Business branch (in a 34th Street building that runs from Fifth to Madison Avenues) back into the main building to eliminate substantiai operating costs. Two million to three million of the five million volumes in the stacksincluding the more specialized material many of us depend on, and referred to by the library as the least used' bookswould be moved to Siberia. (Excuse me, to New Jersey, where the offs ite storage is located.) Books would be returned in an optimistically estimated but unreliable 24
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hours, by truck, on the traffic-jammed New Jersey Turnpike. The vacated stacks would house a

illustation of the stacks built below the Now York Public Libraqs reading room,

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state-of-the-art, socially interactive, computer-centered Mid-Manhattan branch designed by the library's chosen architect, the British firm of Foster+Partners. This "repurposed" spacea common real-estate termwould also make room for writers, scholars, seminars, adult education and children's activities. We are being assured that, with savings estimated at $7 million to $15 million, closed collections could be

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oti1ine.wsbcorriarticle/SB10001424127887323751104578151653883688578.htro1

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L, I Li I,

reopened, dismissed librarians rehired, and book-collecting resumed, reversing cutbacks that have downgraded a noble institution. Demolishing the stacks, with the elaborate engineering involved, providing additional offsite storage for the books, and reconstructing the space, would be paid for by the sale of the two vacated Fifth Avenue buildings, a promised $150 million city (read: taxpayers') contribution, and a fund-raising campaign. The rationale for the plan is a 41% decrease in the use of the collections in the past 15 years, and the increase of online accessibility of the most popular material, with only 6% of print sources consulted in a given year. A 78% drop in the use of the Science, Industry and Business library, with most of the material already online, makes that branch expendable. The Md-Manhattan circulating library is heavily used, while its quarters have deteriorated badly. Corrective action was inevitable. The library's embrace of the future is commendable; it has been on the frontiers of change in technology and practice for some time. But some of these numbers are misleading. A research library is devoted to the acquisition, maintenance and availability of collections of amazing range, rarity and depth, much of which will not be consulted for decades, have not been digitized and probably never will be. If we could estimate how many ways in which the world has been changed by that 6%, the number would be far more meaningful than the traffic through its lion-guarded doors. The library's own releases, while short on details, consistently offer a rosy picture of a lively and popular "People's Palace." But a research library is a timeless repository of treasures, not a popularity contest measured by head counts, the current arbiter of success. This is already the most democratic of institutions, free and open to all. Democracy and populism seem to have become hopelessly confused. Not surprisingly (except to the library), the plan is highly controversial. For most critics it's about devaluing the primary purpose of a research library by reducing the accessibility of its resources. A letter of protest has been signed by more than a thousand famous writers and distinguished scholars, with a particular outcry about the removal of the books. Indeed, the loss of so many books got so much flak that Abby and Howard rdistein generously donated $8 million in September to complete a second storage level, underneath Bryant Park just behind the library, to keep about 1.5 million of the banished volumes on site, a proposal previously dismissed by the library as unfeasible because of dampness and water seepage. This is clearly meant to mollify critics. But it is also a red herring. The stacks will still be demolished. Other dissenters fear that an august institution is being turned Into "a vast Internet caf," an accusation the library considers a grossly unfair misinterpretation of the plan. But such skepticism was inevitable. The library lost credibility in 2005 after it sold Asher B. Durand's painting "Kindred Spirits" (1849), a depiction of the poet William Cullen Bryant and the painter Thomas Cole in a Catskills landscape, in a closed auctionsomething New Yorkers considered a betrayal of their artistic and literary patrimony. if the library feels that the plan has been vastly misunderstood, it is its own fault; its communications are deplorable. Three calls made this past August requesting information and an interview with President Anthony Marx or another qualified spokesman were not returned until the head of the Landmarks Preservation Commission intervened. That produced a contact who has been extremely helpful. Asked for corrections of misunderstandings and for a statement on the rationale for the plan, she supplied them. But when repeated requests were made to see schematic studies of how the vacated space would be usedFoster had been authorized to start them in Februarythey were never available. In August I was told schematics would be ready in September. in September I was told they would be available in October. In October I was told it would happen in November. In November was promised a presentation in December. Any experienced architect would know that studies are well under way. The library has been less than forthcoming, and sensitivity to criticism has obviously reached a fever pitch. oniinamj.comiarticle/SB10001424127887323751104578151653883688578.html

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1 have been patient and cooperative, but I believe I have waled long enough. I am certain Foster will come up with impeccable, creative solutions. However, I no longer feel i must see these drawings no matter how skillfully they address the plan. They will undoubtedly be functional and handsome in Fosters trademark high-tech manner, However, after extensive study of the library's conception and construction I have become convinced that irreversible changes of this magnitude should not be made in this landmark building. I am not going to rehearse the intellectual, literary and sentimental arguments already on the record. This is all about the building, a subject that has not been adequately addressed. No wonder the stacks seem like fair prey; they occupy 38% of the library's gross area. The buzzwords are "outmoded" and "obsolete." The fact is that they require substantial upgrading of climate control systems for proper preservation. But what no one seems to have noticed, or mentioned, is that the stacks are the structural support of the reading room. They literally hold it up. An end section through the building shows the stacks and reading room as a structurally inseparable unit. A longitudinal section reveals their full extent, from end to end and side to side, under the 297 foot long, 78 foot wide and 51 foot high reading room. They are a supporting steel cage, with infills of iron shelving, end pieces and dividers detailed by CarrOre and Hastings. There is a different structural system for the rest of the building. Each of the seven stack levels is 7 feet 6 inches high, an extremely compact use of the space. The stacks are an engineering landmark, but they cannot be designated because they are not open to the public. Incredibly, the Rose Reading Room has not been designated either, although It Is eligible. Landmark protection covers the building's exterior and entrance and exhibition hall. Bernard Green, who devised the system for the Library of Congress that was built a few years earlier than the New York Public Library, was hired as the engineering consultant for the New York stacks. A contact at the engineering firm that upgraded the Massachusetts State House Library believes that the space freed by moving some books under Bryant Park, along with the existing subbasement below the stacks, could accommodate the necessary mechanical equipment. Restoration and retrofitting would be easier and cheaper than supporting the reading room with the enormously complex and expensive engineering needed during demolition and reconstruction. The location of the stacks under the reading room was the concept of the first librarian, John Shaw Billings. His rough sketch for the building was developed with the help of William R. Ware, the founder of the Columbia School of Architecture, and incorporated into the competition to design the library. No one was allowed to deviate from it. When the distinguished firm of McKim. Mead & White had the hubris to go its own way, it lost to CarrOre and Hastingsarchitects who realized Billings's scheme for an enormous, daylft top-floor reading room, directly over the stacks for the most efficient delivery of books to readers. They made brilliant use of a favorite Beaux Arts themea processional path from the Fifth Avenue entrance to the climactic experience of the grand reading room at the top. But all of Carrtre and Hastings' elegant classicism is not just window dressing. Their wonderful spatial relationships and rich detail are intimately tied to the building's remarkable functional rationale. The current Central Library Plan was conceived internally, using commercial consultants known for doing the numbers and moving the pieces around for organizational change and the best bottom line. It has the approval of Mr. Marx and his predecessor, Paul LeClerc, under whom it took shape, and a 60-member board of successful business leaders with a few writers and scholars for literary embellishment. Commercial consultants are generally clueless about nonquantlfable architectural and cultural values. And so, apparently, are most of the 60 trustees. There is an obvious paucity of architectural historians and structural experts among them. online.wsj.corriarticleaB10001424127887323751104578151653883688578.111m1 316

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This is a plan devised out of a profound ignorance of or willful disregard for not only

the library's original concept and design, but also the folly of altering its meaning and

mission and compromising its historical and architectural integrity. You don't "update"
a masterpiece. "Modernization" may be the most dangerously misused word in the

English language. Buildings change; they adapt to needs, times and tastes. Old buildings are restored, upgraded and converted to new uses. For architecturally or historically significant buildings with landmark protection, the process is more complex; subtle, subjective and difficult decisions are often required. Nothing, not even buildings, stands still. But there are better options than turning the library into a hollowed-out hybrid of new and old. The radically different 21st-century model deserves a radically different style of its own, dramatically contemporary and flexible enough to accommodate rapid technological change, Sell the surplus Fifth Avenue property at 34th Street. Keep the Md-Manhattan building; the location is perfect. Let Foster+Partners loose on the MdManhattan building; the results will be spectacular, and probably no more costly than the extravagant and destructive plan the library has chosen. Perhaps someone could follow the 1Viiisteins' lead with a gift to retrofit the stacks. A public campaign helped the Central Park Conservancy restore a beloved landscape. Do New Yorkers love their library any less?
Ms. Huxtable is the Journal's architecture critic.
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A $300 million renovation of the New York Pubiic Library's ornate marble palace in midtown Manhattan will start by evicting 1.2 million books, The plan, unveiled today and overseen by the London firm of Foster & Partners, keeps more books onsite than had been suggested in earlier proposals, Books will be stored in space under Bryant Park and in a Princeton, New Jersey. facility. Many of the ousted books are now available digitally or rarely requested, which may mollify some of the proposal's prominent critic s. The books' absence makes room for the most dramatic aspect of the Central Library Plan: curving balconies of bookshelves and reading tables that will lookout over Bryant Park. The project, announced by the library's president, Anthony Marx, will bring the circulating collections from two branch libraries into the building. Poster's plan is expected to both make and save money. How? The dilapidated Mid - Manhattan Library, across the street, will be sold once the new facility has been built ditto the Science, Industry and Business Library on 34th Street. The proceeds will underwrite much of this epic reorganization, though a one-shot real-estate deal won't fix the library's longterm financial needs.
And moving out millions of books to bring in the circulating

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In an interview in his wood-paneled library office, Marx said: We need to provide a better experience for our users and have

more money to do it."

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From h[s point of view, everybody wins: The books in the stacks will be better protected, the Ilk-Manhattan Library will get a sparkling new facility without having to close, and the library will receive more money to spend on operations. His argument is persuasive as far as it goes, Right now, the 1911 library, whose grand marble entry on Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street is flanked by beloved stone lions, is the busiest research library open to the public in the U.S. In the future, patrons wishing to take out a book will proceed in a straight line from the vaulted Fifth Avenue entrance through the soaring columns of the renovated Gottesman exhibition hall. They'll enter the former book-storage space on a balcony that looks out to Bryant Park through an atrium that unites four floors of books, computer stations and reading tables. Pairs of gracefully curving stairs also link the collections. Imagine everything bathed in slanting bands of sunlight. The Foster layout would make more of the building's splendors publicly accessible.

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A grim hallway and surrounding office space centrally located on the second floor will be renovated to augment space for writers working on projects. A vastly expanded children and teen area will open up underused space on the ground floor. The plan can't succeed if the sale of the branch libraries doesn't spin off lots of cash. Augmenting a promised $150 million from the city, the library hopes to raise $200 million by selling the two branches. With gifts and operational savings, the library expects to realize $15 million annually to hire more librarians and purchase more materials. But real-estate deals always pose risks for a cultural institution.

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And the renovation is complex. That's because the bookshelves' dense mesh of solid-steel panels supports the building's third floor. A contractor will have to hack through the thicket to install new columns and beams before the rest of the stacks can be removed. Moving out the research collection pits Marx against hundreds of vocal academics and writers who include Mario Vargas Llosa, Selman Rushdie and Jonathan Lethem. They want the three million books that would be displaced to stay right where they are. vwwv.bloomberg.corninews/2012-12-19/n-y-pubic-library-norman-foster-evict-a-million-books.html
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- L.4camna
Erns', &Yong -Nevi N -V"

The nose Main Reading Room with its elaborately carved wood ceiling and massive chandeliers, has nurtured generations of writers, who have been able to call up any of the books in the library's vast underground trove.

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Far Away
While the reading room's splendor and function will not be altered, sending books 60 miles away makes them only nominally accessible, though the library promises a 24-hour turnaround on requests. It seems obvious to me that the New York Public Library should avoid downgrading books at a time when most people are happy with whatever they can find on Wikipedia. Unfortunately, the Foster design, perhaps to avoid further enflaming opponents, proffers graceless skinny columns rising through the atrium to a flimsy looking parasol-shaped ceiling. In a brief telephone conversation, Foster said he was still studying the ceiling and walls. I hope so. This thin architectural gruel defers to the spare-no-expense grandeur underwritten by a clutch of early 20th-century financial titans. The library is one of the greatest works of the architecture firm Carrere & Hastings, and won't be defaced. But Foster's work should energize not enervate. (James S. Russell writes on architecture for Muse, the arts and culture section of Bloomberg
News. He is the author of "The Agile City." The opinions expressed are his own.)
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To contact the writer of this column: James S. Russell in New York at jamesrussell@earthlink.net , To contact the editor responsible for this column: Manuela Hoelterhoff at mhoeiterhoffObloornberg.net .
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Showing 3 of 7 comments on N.Y. Public Library, Norman Foster Evict a Million Books
not fair, ije isn't abat.ii you er I. NO life a: ,-Ilst_s on their own;
are all connected_ 13e smart, being less th,

This beautiful, once in a life time building is not a LANDMARK?! Seriously[ Get it protected as a National Historic Landmark! Get In touch with the Landmarks Preservation Commission ASAP! This is another on of those simple overlooked-reason-to-solution remedy. Don't touch that historic beauty!I, [Ike millions of others, love that building; spent many wonderful moments in the reading room. When sitting in the main reading mom the height of the ceiling inspires one to think without boundsYour brain can't help it, the room will naturally levitate your state of mind to new levels of awareness. Your brain feels like soaring. I go in, sit down, throw my head back with eyes wide open and absorb the atmosphere before I begin my work. For those who never been to the main reading room, you need to go, and I guarantee, you join the fight to preserve it. Please make It a LANDMARKsubmit the applicationgive notice, this will put a stay on any construction plans and hopefully hold off its destruction!!!
Like Reply

DWLindeman

6 months ago

This entire project for the future of NYPL's main research branch building has been wrongheaded from the start. it is the result of board members and administrators buying-in to the recommendations of a consulting firm (presumably wealthy donors shall have the opportunity to put their names on parts of this planned renovation). think this policy-review should instead have reached the conclusion of "if it's not broke, don't fix it". This includes the fate of the Mid-Manhattan Library. That is, this branch is convenient, accessible, and welcoming to Its many users. I predict that expecting this constituency to march through the grand, yet Intimidating facade of the Schwarzman building is truly bad marketing end public relations policy, Left out of the conversation is what alternatives may have been available to preserve and remodel both the Mid-Manhattan Library, and the Sciences Library at the B. Altman site. Wealthy board members could certainly have had the opportunity to put their names on these libraries too. And, as James Russell has pointed out, the presumed savings anticipated from real estate deals divesting two library branches cannot be assured. I, like many who do research, have spent many happy hours in the diverse and splendid reading rooms of the Schwarzman building. A part of what we all appreciate and gain from this superlative facility, is especial ease of access to the books crucial to the next stages of our research (often discovered in the footnotes and bibliographies of the book we already have in front of us on the [library tables). To deliberately cripple one of the world's great research Institutions for the sake of a dubious and obviously gratuitous rearrangement of the already functional pieces on the playing-field, is a primary example of how administrators confuse change with progress. The NYPL has a recent history of egregious planning mistakes to Its name. A few years back, for the sake of raising funds for book acquisition, they sold off a huge chunk of New York's patrimony, with the result that Asher B, Durand's painting "Kindred Spirits" (and other Important paintings, including a Copley) was deaccessloned.This famous work of art intimately connected with the history of New York State and the makers of our local culture is now in the Walmart collection in Arkansasa venue where very few Americans, let alone deserving New Yorkers shall ever be likely to see it. The latest plans for the Schwarzman building appears to fall into the same blinkered tunnel-vision approach of the Library's administration and board that led to that debacle. We as New Yorkers, at the center of our nation's cultural life, deserve far more thought and consideration from the civic leaders and responsible officers of the NYPL than we have gotten recently, at this very moment, and in the foreseeable future.
Like Reply

anonymot

6 months ago

If they want a new library, tine, let them build a new library on a vacant lot somewhere. There are some extraordinary built-from-scratch libraries in the world. However, destroying the old one merely demonstrates that their aesthetics and understanding of how a library works on the mind Is nil. Their taste is close to their seating arrangement, Since achieving fame, Foster, like many currently "famous" architects, only sees Foster, What one can see of this project Is pitiful when compared to what exists. When Mitterand wanted a library with his name on It to www.bloomberg .cominews/2012- 12- 19/n-y-pubic-library-norman-foster-evict-a-mi I lion-books.htrni 4/5

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replace the intellectual marvel that the old Bibliothequa Nationale was, his advteors at least had the sense to make the new mess elsewhere.

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515

Exhibit 13

ur r

The New York Public Library

About The New York Public Library

The New York Public Library has been an essential provider of free books, information, ideas, and education for all New Yorkers for more than 100 years. Founded in 1895, NYPL is the nation's largest public library system, featuring a unique combination of 87 neighborhood branches and four scholarly research centers, bringing together an extraordinary richness of resources and opportunities available to all.

Serving_more than 18 mitlion patrons a mar, and millions more online, the Library holds more than 51 million items, from books, e-books, and DVDs to renowned research collections used by scholars from around the world. Housed in the iconic 42nd Street library and three other research centers, NYPL's historical collections hold such treasures as Columbus's 1493 letter announcing his discovery of the New World, George Washington's original Farewell Address, and John Coltrane's handwritten score of "Lover Man."
NYPL's neighborhood libraries in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Islandmany of which date to Andrew Carnegie's visionary philanthropy at the turn of the 20th centuryare being transformed into true centers of educational innovation and service, vital community hubs that provide far more than just free books and materials. Our local libraries play a key role in closing the digital divide, especially for the one in three New Yorkers who don't have Internet access at home. New York City public school students rely on their local branches for homework help. The city's immigrant communities count on NYPL's English language and literacy classes. Job seekers depend on our comprehensive job search resources. Altogether, the Library offers 55,000 free programs annually, serving everyone from toddlers to teens to seniors. In the always expanding digital realm, The New York Public Library provides patrons worldwide with powerful online tools to help them discover its extensive resources and services. On nyplorg visitors can browse the Library's immense collections, download e-books, and view more than 800,000 items from our award-winning Digital Gallery, Through Ask NYPL our librarians are
www.nypl.org/help/about-nypl 1/2

i Fie

available to answer patron questions on any topic at any time. Supported by both public funds and private donations, The New York Public Library embarks on its next 100 years passionately committed to meeting the ever-changing needs of our patrons. For the millions who depend onus in this, the world's most vibrant and diverse city, NYPL is more important than ever.

Top photos by Beowulf Sheehan, bottom photo by Jonathan Blanc

www.nypl.org/help/about-nypl

212

Exhibit 14

gov
Buildings
NYC Department of Buildings

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Job Overview
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FILE DATE JOB # DOC # JOB TYPE 09/05/2008 110334656 01 A3

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LIC # APPLICANT IN AUDIT ZONING APPROVAL BUETTNER NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF HEAVY DUTY SIDEWALK SHED 447' LONG DURING FACADE REPAIRS. Work on Floor(s): 001 10/2312008 100903587 05 PA PAPPROVED 01/27/2009 0019586 RA KATZ NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): BAS 10/23/2008 100903578 02 PA P APPROVED 01/27/2009 0019586 RA KATZ NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): 2FL 12/02/2008 110393164 01 Al PAPPROVED 10/30/2009 0419586 RA KATZ NOT APPLICABLE

FILING HEREWITH FOR ALTERATION TYPE 1 TO ESTABLISH AN OCCUPAT LOAD OF 10 P Work on Floor(s): SBC 12/09/2008 110410154 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 12/09/2010 0060597 PE SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

ERECT A TEMP SIDEWALK BRIDGE. THIS APPLICATION INVOLVES rrj CHANGE IN OCCUP Work on Floor(s): GRD,OD1 12/26/2008 110425898 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 01/13/2009 0060597 PE SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

TO ERECT TEMPORARY SCAFFOLDING. THIS APPLICATION INVOLVES NO CHANGE IN OCC Work on Floor(s): 001,ROF 01/02/2009 110425059 01 A2 J PIE DISAPPROVED 01/30/2009 0069582 PE STIVAROS NOT APPLICABLE

ERECTION OF TEMPORARY TENT STRUCTURE ON THE ROOF AS PER PLANS FILED HEREVVI Work on Floor(s): ROF

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NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALL PLYWOOD FENCE Work on Floor(s): 001 03/04/2009 110458308 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 03/04/2009 0071719 PE UDDIN NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF 6 LINEAR FEET X 70 FEET HIGH PIPE SCAFFOLD AS PER DRAWINGS Work on Floor(s): OSP 03/31/2009 104883814 02 A2 P APPROVED 04/15/2009 Collado NOT APPLICABLE

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CLEANING AND REPAIR OF PAVEMENT,MASONRY AND BRONZE ELEMENTS ON THE NYPL'S Work on Floor(s): 1ST 05/19/2009 110393164 02 Al P APPROVED 10/30/2009 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

FILING HEREWITH MODIFICATION TO EXISTING HVAC SYSTEM AND PLUMBING FIXTURES Work on Floor(s): CEL 06/09/2009 120064624 01 A2 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 06/17/2009 0068484 PE TORRE NOT APPLICABLE

MODIFICATION TO EXISTING FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AS PER PLANS FILED HEREWITH. NO Work on Floor(s): SUB 06/09/2009 120064615 01 A2 P APPROVED 12/13/2010 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

MODIFICATION TO EXISTING SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Work on Floor(s): SUB 06/09/2009 120064615 02 A2 P APPROVED 12/13/2010 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

FILING HEREWITH, MODIFICATION OF STANDPIPE SYSTEM AS PER PLANS. Work on Floor(s): SUB 06/15/2009 120071581 01 A2 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 02/18/2010 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF NEW PRE-ACT10N FIRE ALARM SYSTEM (#1 OF 3), ON THE ^IORTH S Work on Floor(s): SUB 08/03/2009 110431051 02 AS P APPROVED 09/04/2009 SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): 001 08/03/2009 110425898 02 AS P APPROVED 08/17/2009 SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): 001,ROF

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A3

P APPROVED

09/17/2009

SHAPIRO

NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): 001,ROF 11/02/2009 120196126 01 A2 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 02/18)2010 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF NEW PRE-ACTION FIRE ALARM SYSTEM (#3 OF 3), ON THE SOUTH-W Work on Floor(s): SUB 11/02/2009 120196171 01 A2 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 02/18/2010 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF NEW PRE-ACTION FIRE ALARM SYSTEM (#2 OF 3), ON THE SOUTH-E Work on Floor(s): SUB 01/25/2010 120249212 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 03/04/2010 0060597 PE SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY SIDEWALK SHED ALONG 5TH AVE., 40TH ST. AND 42ND Work on Floor(s); GRD 01/27/2010 120254526 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 02/24/2010 0060597 PE SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY EXTERIOR SCAFFOLDING ALONG 5TH AVE, 40TH ST 8.42 Work on Floor(s): 001 thru 002 04/16/2010 120254526 02 A3 P APPROVED 04/23/2010 SHAPIRO NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work. on Floor(s): 001 thru 002 05/28/2010 104883636 03 A2 P APPROVED 06/28/2010 DeAngeli NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 PROPOSED TO CONSTRUCT PERMANENT SERVICE LAD Work on Floor(s): CEL,BAS,MEZ,ATT 001 thru 003 08/25/2010 120454481 01 A2 X SIGNED OFF 12/15/2011 0067018 PE TORTOREL NOT APPLICABLE

STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS AS PER PLANS FILED HEREWITH. NO CHANGE IN USE, EG Work on Floor(s): 001 11/10/2010 120523503 01 A3 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 11/10/2010 0071719 PE UDDIN NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF SCAFFOLD AS PER DRAWINGS. SCAFFOLD SHALL COMPLY WITH CHAPT Work on Floor(s): OSP 03/02/2012 101020823 03 Al P APPROVED 03/04/2013 GUTTERMA NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): GND 03/14/2012 121010618 01 A2 R PERMIT-ENTIRE 03/21/2012 0077456 PE NEUBURGE NOT APPLICABLE

HEREWITH FILING FOR THE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF CHILLERS AND AIR HANDLE Work on Floor(s): CEL,SUB

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04/17/2012 100658548

06

NB

P APPROVED

02/15/2013

GUTTERMA

NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): CEL,1, MEZ,ROF 05/01/2012 110393164 03 Al G PM FEE DUE 05/01/2012 KATZ NOT APPLICABLE

POST APPROVAL AMENDMENT FOR 01 Work on Floor(s): SBC 05131/2013 121331718 01 A2 H P/E IN PROCESS 06/04/2013 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

MODIFICATIONS TO THE EXISTING SPRINKLER SYSTEM DURING EARLY WORK PHASE 1A Work on Floor(s): 001 thru 006 05/31/2013 121331718 02 A2 F ASSIGNED TO PIE 05/31/2013 0067018 PE TORTOREL NOT APPLICABLE

DOC WITHDRAWN 06042013 STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS, INTERVENTION AND SHORING Work on Floor(s): D01 thru 006 05/31/2013 121331718 03 A2 F ASSIGNED TO P/E 05/31/2013 0068811 PE FRANK NOT APPLICABLE

DOC WITHDRAWN 06042013 MODIFICATION TO EXISTING HVAC SYSTEM AND PLUMBING Work on Floor(s): 001 thru 006 05/31/2013 121234789 01

A2 P APPROVED

06/20/2013 0030487 RA ESPIRITU

NOT APPLICABLE

EARLY WORK PHASE lA REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF INTERIOR NON LOAD BEARING Work on FJoor(s): 001 thru 006 05/31/2013 121234798 01 A2 P APPROVED 06/04/2013 0030487 RA ESPIRITU NOT APPLICABLE

EARLY WORK PHASE 1B REMOVAL. AND INSTALLATION OF INTERIOR NON LOAD BEARING Work on Floor(s): 001 thru 006 05/31/2013 121234798 02 P APPROVED 06/04/2013 0067018 PE TORTOREL NOT APPLICABLE

STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS INCLUDING STEEL LINTELED OPENINGS AS SHOWN ON PLA Work on Floor(s) 001 thru 006 05/31/2013 121234798 03

A2

P APPROVED

06/04/2013 0068811 PE FRANK

NOT APPLICABLE

MODIFICATION TO EXISTING HVAC SYSTEM AND PLUMBING WORK AS PER PLANS FILED Work on Floor(s): 001 thru 006 06/04/2013 121639824 01 A2 P APPROVED 06/04/2013 0066664 PE DECONZO NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF NEW PLUMBING FIXTURES AS ILLUSTRATED ON PROPOSED PLANS. TH Work on Floor(s).: OSP 06/04/2013 121639833 01 A2 P APPROVED 06/04/2013 0066664 PE DECONZO NOT APPLICABLE

INSTALLATION OF NEW PLUMBING FIXTURES AND NON-RESIDENTIAL GAS COOKING EQUI Work on Floor(s): CEL,001,ROF
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APPLICATION FILED TO RE-FILE INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER vVATER SERVICE (PL) Work on Floor(s): CEL,001,ROF

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