Analysis of Cascaded Frequency Selective Surfaces with Dual Band Response

Libimol V.A
(1)
, C.K.Aanandan
(1)
(1) Cochin University of Science And Technology, Kerala, India, , Email: libi.riyaz@gmail.com
(2) Next Address with Email id



Abstract: Numerical and experimental evaluation is done for the
cascaded frequency selective surfaces with dual band
response. For this two single band frequency selective
surfaces having different resonant frequencies are analyzed
using modal transmission line approach. Then these surfaces
are cascaded and separated by air gap to obtain dual band
response. The analysis of this combined structure is done by
cascaded techniques. These numerical measures are in good
agreement with simulated and experimental values.


Introduction:

Frequency-selective surface to space waves are the counterparts of filters in
transmission lines. Once exposed to the electromagnetic radiation, a frequency selective
surface (FSS) acts like a spatial filter; some frequency bands are transmitted and some are
reflected. In a way, an FSS can be a cover for hiding communication facilities. This is
probably the first potential application of FSS structures .An increasing demand on the multi
functional antennas for communication leads to the requirement of FSS with multiband
characteristics. So several researchers are working on the studies of dual band and multiband
FSS.

Wu [2] designed two layers double square loop patch elements separated by honey
comb to obtain four band FSS. The multiband FSS on a single layer based on the concept of
fractal (fractal Y aperture) was introduced by Wang Shanshan [5].

This paper shows the analysis of dual band response obtained by cascading of two
single band FSS screens with simple elements, such as rhombus shaped patch elements. First
two single banded FSS screens were fabricated and their characteristics were analyzed using
modal transmission line approach. Then this are cascaded with an air gap in between the
structures to obtain dual band characteristics and is then analyzed by numerical cascading
technique.

Single band fss analysis:

The single band FSS structure considered in this study is shown in Fig 1. The
structure consist of an array of rhombus shaped patch elements on an isotropic dielectric
substrate. The patches are arranged in a skew lattice defined by basis vectors d
1
and d
2.
L is
the dimension of the rhombus and unit vectors u andv are the symmetry axes of the patch ,
which can be given by

) cos( ) sin(
) sin( ) cos(
o o
o o
y x v
y x u
+ =
+ =
(1)

Fig1.Single Band FSS Structure
The analysis of scattering from FSS involves the solution of induced surface on the
conducting patches by an incident wave.The transverse electric field of incident plane wave
) . exp( ) (
0
r k j E r E
i
t
i
t
= , where ) . exp( ) (
0
r k j E r E
i
t
i
t
= , has an arbitrary polarization. The
corresponding vector voltage can be given by ) ( . . 2 ) (
0 t
i
t
i
k E V [ = o o o ,where
t
k is the
transverse wave vector with z k k k
z t
+ = and
2
2
0 t z
k k k = .In the case of uniform plane
wave
t
k can be related to incident direction defined by spherical angle
i
u and
i
| as
) sin (cos sin
^ ^
0
y x k k
i i i
t
| | u + = .

The reciprocal lattice points in the presence of an incident plane wave can be defined
as
2 1
o o o q p k
t m
+ + = ,where the couple of the integers ) , ( q p denotes the m
th
point of the
reciprocal lattice. The basis vectors
1
o ,
2
o are related to direct lattice basis vectors
1
d ,
2
d via
z d d
z d
.

2
2 1
2
1

[ = o and
z d d
z d
.

2
2 1
1
2

[ = o
,where carots denotes unit vectors.

To find the scattering matrix, the current distribution on the patch has to be find out.
For this number of expansion function is limited to
f
N and the number of points on the
reciprocal lattice is truncated to
l
N .In order to derive the Generalized Scattering Matrix
f l
N N matrix
) ( p
Q with elements
) ( p
mn
Q , which is the nth vector basis function evaluated in
the m
th
(p,q) point of reciprocal lattice. Two
l l
N N abstract diagonal matrix ) (o Z ,
) (o
v
T

are introduced. ) (o
v
T

is the transmission operator linking the incident ) (o
i
V

and
total voltage ) (o V at 0 = z in the absence of current generator(patches are removed).Then
the
f f
N N coefficient matrix Aand 1
f
N column matrix B can be written
as
) (
'
) (
. .
p p
Q Z Q A = and
i v
p
V T Q B

. .
'
) (
= ,where the symbol denotes Hermitian conjugate and
the symbols .

and . ~ represents the left and right hand side of the patch element array. A , B
are scalars and the vector
i
V

represents the Fourier transform of the transverse electric field at

l
z z = .The current generators at various points of reciprocal lattice can be written in matrix
form as i=
i v
p
V T W

. .
) (
,where
) ( p
W { }
'
) (
1
) (
'
) ( ) (
. . .
p p p p
Q Q Z Q Q

= represents the
l l
N N Greens
matrix, and it depends only on the structure and not on excitation.The scattered voltage from
the structure can be written as

| |
| |
i v
p
i v
p
V T W Z T S V
V T W Z T S V
~
. . .
~ ~
. . .
) (
21
) (
11

=
=
(2)
The matrix
)
S represents the interface between free space and dielectric

and their expression
can be written as



(3)

Cascaded FSS Analysis

The interaction between N cascaded structures can be accounted by using the
scattering matrix of individual structure. In this analysis one-mode interaction is assumed.
It means that only the main beam is used in calculating the interaction.The cascaded structure
is shown in Fig 2.d1 and d2 represents the air gap spacing between the structures. The air gap
spacing can be used to control the separation between the cascaded FSS bands.


Fig 2.Cascading of FSS Structures

For each structure the 22 scattering matrix can be written as

(
(
(
(

n
l k j
n
n
l k j
n
n
n
n
n
n
T
e
T
R
e
T
R
T
R
T
S
n
n
1
) (
) ( ) 1 (
. . 2
. . 2
2
2
(4)


The coefficients T
n
and R
n
are transmitted and reflected coefficients obtained for n
th

structure and l
n
=d
1
+d
2
+d
n-1.
The air gap spacing can be used to control the separation
between the cascaded FSS bands. Using the one-mode interaction, the final results of
reflection and transmission coefficient for the overall cascaded structure can be obtained as

) (
) (
D
C
R
D
BC
A T
=
=
(5)

The coefficients (A,B,C,D) are calculated as . . . ...... .

1 2 3 1
S S S S S
D C
B A
n n
=
(

Results

The two structure considered consists of an array of conducting patches on dielectric
substrate with thickness of 2mm and 4mm and dielectric constant of the material is 2.56 (poly
metha methyl acrylate).The lattice geometry is rectangular with d
1
=29mm and d
2
=20.56mm.The
conducting patches are square with a rotation angle of =45
0
.The length and width of the metallic
structure is 14mm. And the basis function used to represent the unknown current in the patch is an
exponential one and is given by
) 1 ( ) ( 1 ) 1 ( ) (
21
) 1 ( ) ( 1 ) 1 ( ) (
11
. . ) . 1 ).( exp( . 2
) 1 . .( ) . 1 (

+ =
+ =
i i i i
i z
i i i i
Y Z Y Z l jk S
Y Z Y Z S

+
+
=
) exp( ). . ). 2 / ((
) exp( ). . ). 2 / ((
) (
0 0
0 0
y x r
y x v
k
y x v w J
y x u w J
o o o
o o o
o
(6)

Where J
v
and J
r
represents Bessel function of first kind.

Table 1-Comparison of Results for single band FSS structures












Then these structures are cascaded with an air gap of 2mm and it is observed that dual band
characteristics are obtained by the merging of these single bands.

Fig .Dual band characteristic of the cascaded structure

Conclusion
It is found that the cascading of two single band FSS with air gap results in dual band
characteristics. Numerical, experimental and simulation results were compared.

Reference:
[1] Antonio.L.P.S.Campos, Analysis of Simple FSS Cascading with Dual Band
Response,IEEE Tran.Magnetics,vol.46,no. 8,pp 3345-3348,August 2010.
[2] J.C Vardaxoglou, Frequency Selective Surfaces :Analysis and Design,Chapter 6 and
7(Research Studies Press 1997)
[3] T. K. Wu, Four-band frequency selective surface with double square loop patch
elements, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag., vol. 42, no. 12,pp. 16591663, Dec.
1994.
[4] Wang Shanshan, Transmission Properties of Multiband FSS based on Fractal Elements,
pp. 925-927, 2010.
[5] C.K Aanandan, Problem-Matched Basis function for Moment method Analysis-An
Application to Reflection Gratings, IEEE Trans on Antennas and propagation, Vol.48,
No-1, pp.35-39,Jan 2000.

Dielectric Thickness=2mm Dielectric Thickness=4mm
Method Frequency(GHz) S
11
(dB) Frequency(GHZ) S
11
(dB)
HFSS 11.34 -14.198 10.81 -30.44
MTL 11.87 -14.38 10.97 -10.9
EXPNT 12.151 -10.11 10.87 -9.78