Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9/12/2008
Back Ground
1940s Lo w speed 1 80 rpm, f irst generation of reciprocating compressors dev eloped In last 10 y ears, predictions were made that Recip wi ll be tapere d down. Howev er, Recip compressors hav e ov ercome the past concerns of certain we aknesses through technol ogical adv ancements. It is a f av ored selection by all industries Genera l purpose, Po wer, Oil, Gas, Petrochemical and Ai r separatio n etc. It can handle v irtually all gases and do compression f rom v acuum to 3500 bar (Hy per compressor f or LDPE ethy lene) with power rating up to 30 MW of single compressor.
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m) Use of jacket & intercooler / aftercooler heat f or building heatin g as low gr ade he at n) Compact design (Lo w weight to capacity ratios energy packed machines ) o) Env ironmentally f riendly materials f or construction i.e. Asbestos f ree p) q) r) s) t) Use of recy clable materials High pressure e ngine ered comp ressors Conf ormance to the international standards such as API618, API 11P etc. Electricals & Instrumentation: Suitable f or specif ied area classif ication / Gas group / Temper ature Class Integrated Engi ne Compressor.
Important components a) Valv e seats b) Valv e guard c) Mov ing / sealing element Valv e plate , channel etc. d) Springs / cushion plates
The n atural f requencies of torsional v ibration of the idealized complete driv es train system comprising of motor, coupling, and compressor calculated using Torsion al Critical Spee d computer prog ram. The e quiv alent mass elastic diagram f or the complete driv es train will be used in determinati on of torsional (mechanical) natura l f requencies / critical speeds wh ere a potentia l f or resonant behav ior exists. Interf erence / Campbell Diagram dev elope d to identify & av oid harmf ul resonant beh av ior f or the operating speed ra nge. Determination of v ibratory torque & stresses on the components of the driv e train to ensure such torque & stresses v ariations are within the saf e limits of the components with ade quate sepa ration marg in as per API Standar d 618.
KIR LOSKAR PN EUMATIC CO. LTD.
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Utilization of standards, serv ice prov en designs components and with indiv idual compressor design ed to cater to precise needs Lube oil sy stem, Pulsation dampen ers, Saf eties, Instrumentation and Controls as per API-618 with minor dev iations Gas Cooler desig ns gener ally per TE MA R / B and also as per API-660 & API-661 Pressure Vessel desig n as per AS ME section- VIII 15 Y ears of serv ice lif e and 2 Y ears without a major ov erhaul. AR M Th eme Av ailability , Reliability & Maintain ability
KIR LOSKAR PN EUMATIC CO. LTD.
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Compressor Packages
A wid e range of auxiliary equipment on Process gas compressor packages includes: Forced lubrication systems a nd wat er consoles comply ing with API -618 standards. Capacity control systems inclu ding suction v alv e unloaders, v olume clearance pockets (manually or pneumatically operated), automatic by -pass sy stems and step less capacity control sy stems. Pulsation dampeners designed to attenuate pressur e pulsations in process pipe work. Digital and Analog ue computer an aly sis of the acoustic and mechanical interaction of the v essels and associated piping sy stems. Gas intercoolers and aftercoolers of shell and tube, air blast, plate ty pe or other design.
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e) Enhanci ng compressor v alv e lif e. Design appro aches 1, 2 or 3 as per API 618 used as per ap plications The ra pid adv ancements of digital computer aided Design Sy stems enabl es to analy ze the f luid dy namics to predict attenuation characteristics, pass bands, pulsation lev els, acoustic simulation etc. Simple solutions giv e substantial power consumption sav ing.
KIR LOSKAR PN EUMATIC CO. LTD.
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CNG Packages
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Natural gas engine-driv en air compressors offer many potential benefits, inc luding:
Lower co st of producing compressed air Lower co st for pro viding steam and hot water for heating or cooling needs Lower life-cycle cost Attractive return on investment Lower co st of emergency bac kup power equipment Secured capability for supplying compressed air during power disruptions
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Effective visualization
(Compre sso r Hou se )
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The n on-e nergy benef its of higher eff iciency sy stems are better process control, reduced disru ption and impr ov ed product quality . Energy -eff icient motors should be considere d f or all new installations, replaceme nt of f ailed motors, or as spares.
KIR LOSKAR PN EUMATIC CO. LTD.
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VFD
VFD- VARI ABL E SPEED DR IVE The s ync hronous s peed of an inducti on motor is determi ned by the foll owing equati on. N s = 120 f / p ( rpm) The onl y way to c hang e the s peed, for a gi ven pole number is to var y the frequenc y VFD B ASIC PR INCIPL E The proc ess of transfor mi ng the stable power line fr equenc y i nto a vari abl e frequenc y i s basi call y done in two s teps : 1. The si nusoi dal voltag e is rec tifi ed into an DC volt age. 2. The DC vol tag e is chopped up to an DC vol tag e of the desir ed fr equenc y VFD- VARI ABL E SPEED DR IVE By Pr ovidi ng VFD i n c ompressor c ontrol we can var y the C ompr ess or R PM depending on req uirement. This c ompl etel y avoi ds unloadi ng and saves unl oad power consumption whic h is nor mall y 25- 35% of the full l oad cons umpti on. Major advantage of variable speed drive is that i f 4 to 5 c ompr ess or are c onnected to a common header, then by i nstalling VFD in one c ompres sor, the energ y s avi ng due to pr ess ure reducti on is ac hieved i n all the c ompres sor .
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