The Pirabhakaran Phenomenon Part 17 http://www.sangam.org/PIRABAKARAN/Part17.

htm

The Pirabhakaran Phenomenon

Part 17

Sachi Sri Kantha

[06 October 2001]

Emerging Truth in the ‘Terrorist’ Label

One of my favorite scientist-cum-authors is Harvard University’s Stephen Jay

Gould. One of his book reviews was given the caption ‘The quack detector’.
In it, he wrote,

“Beleaguered rationalism needs its skilled debaters – writers who can

combine wit, penetrating analysis, sharp prose, and sweet reason into
an expansive view that expunges nonsense without stifling innovation,
and that presents the excitement and humanity of science in a positive
way.” [in An Urchin in the Storm, 1987, pp.240-246]

I have taken this message as my motto, and sharpened my skills whenever an

opportunity arises to present the Tamil point of view. My recent comparison
of the editorial musing of the Island newspaper editor [see, The
Pirabhakaran Phenomenon – Part 16] to that of beggar’s stinking farts was
an example along this line. Sometime back, I was engaged in a similar
exercise with the editorial of the Asiaweek magazine, which also dealt with
Pirabhakaran and terrorism.

Terrorism and Truth

In an unsigned editorial, the Asiaweek magazine of November 30, 1994,
[‘Keeping the Lid On: In the war against terrorists, Truth is the Best
Weapon’] included Pirabhakaran’s name and Tamil Tigers were cited. It
appeared a month following Gamini Dissanayake’s assassination. The
opening paragraph of this editorial stated:

“Which of the following have engaged in terrorism – (a) Tamil Tigers,

(b) Sri Lanka, (c) Irish Republican Army, (d) Britain, (e) Palestine
Liberation Organization, (f) Israel? Many would probably finger the
groups or governments they don’t like or those espousing causes they
don’t agree with. Some people, horrified at the awarding of a Nobel
Peace Prize to Mr.Yassir Arafat, the PLO leader, would have no
qualms about embracing Mr.Gerry Adams, the president of the IRA’s

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political arm Sinn Fein. ‘Terrorism’, Mr.Binyamin Netanyahu, leader

of Israel’s rightist Likud Party, once explained, ‘is the deliberate and
systematic murder, maiming and menacing of the innocent to inspire
fear for political ends.’ That definition would cover a spectrum of
brutality, from totalitarian arrests, torture and executions to airline
hijackings and mid-metropolis bombings. Too often, however,
governments and opinion shapers pick and choose the carnage to
condemn, allowing some but not others to justify the ruthlessness of
their means with the righteousness of their ends.”

In the concluding two paragraphs of the editorial, the editorialist observed

the role of media in combating terrorism, as follows:

“The media have been criticized for playing into terrorists’ hands by
giving them prime-time coverage and, many times, seeming to side with
them, at least in their aspirations. Yet news and commentary can also
provide an effective weapon against terrorism: truth. Central to the
environment that spawns and sustains terrorism is the web of deceit
spun by propaganda, politicking and popular misconception. Keen to
have their people rallying behind them, many governments perpetuate
the myth that their opponents are madmen bent on senseless violence.
Terrorist groups draw moral and material succor from the fiction that
their acts will eventually bring victory. Many like the suicide bombers
of Tiger supreme Velupillai Prabhakaran see heroism, not bestiality, in
the explosive havoc they wreak on innocent bystanders.
Ordinary citizens are often ignorant of the underlying animosity and
injustice giving rise to conflict. So are the leaders and constituents of
powerful countries that can positively influence a fractious situation.
By clarifying the issues and reporting the facts, the media take the
crucial peace-making role which only an impartial observer can play.
That requires, of course, a staunchly objective eye disabused of
partisan misinformation, much of it from the media themselves. While
the news may not always tell the truth about terrorists, it is the only
line of defense against the lies that keep their guns loaded and their
ranks growing.”

While these last two paragraphs contained little vignettes of truth, still I felt
that they mixed a load of self-serving applause for the media and subtle
condemnation on Pirabhakaran’s adopted strategy in his war against the Sri
Lankan state. Thus, I engaged the editor of Asiaweek by sending a response
to the above-mentioned editorial.

Unlike my recent experience with the Island newspaper’s editor, a mangled

version of my correspondence was published in the Asiaweek subsequently.
I place both the mangled version and the original version of my response, to

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prove that the ‘staunchly objective impartiality’ preached by the Asiaweek

editorialist was a mirage.

Mangled version of my response:

“In my opinion your sermon, ‘In the War Against Terrorists, Truth is
the Best Weapon’, belongs to the world of fairies and angels (‘Keeping
the Lid On, Editorials, Nov.30). I live in a real world where the truth is
always hidden or restrained from revealing its naked beauty.
Truth is massaged and masked by the media in many countries. Truth is
also decorated by almost every practicing politician on this globe
according to his or her fancy.
It is an open secret that the intelligence services of many countries
manufacture or clone truths according to their whims. So you have the
alphabet soup of CIA, (formerly the) KGB, MI6, Mossad, RAW and
ISI working overtime to manipulate the political, ethnic and religious
frictions prevailing in many countries. I find it perplexing that in your
sermon, you have not bothered to mention these creators of ‘cloned
truths’.” [Asiaweek, January 6, 1996]

In the original version of my response, I had specifically mentioned about

Pirabhakaran, since the editorial itself had mentioned his activities by name.
But this had been clipped by editorial scissors. Thus, I reproduce the
original version of my letter, dated December 3, 1994, which I entitled as,
‘Truth and its many incarnations’.

Truth and its many incarnations (original version)

“In my opinion, your sermon that ‘In the War against terrorists, truth is
the best weapon’, belongs to the world of fairies and angels. I live in
real world where the truth is always hidden or restrained from
revealing its naked beauty.
Truth is massaged and masked by the media in many countries, of
which Singapore is an extreme example. To sell a thousand copies in
Singapore, many competing international journals would compromise
real truth for ‘massaged truth’. Have you forgotten that recently your
sister paper, Time, received a reprimand and apologized for shading the
truth in its depiction of football great O.J.Simpson in its cover? Even
Asiaweek sometimes twists the truth to suit its stand. For example, in a
foot-note to my [previously] published letter, you have stated that you
did not include the name of JVP leader Rohana Wijeweera in the list of
Sri Lanka’s prominent assassination victims, because that list was
‘confined to political, civic and military leaders’. The massaged truth in
your explanation is easily recognizable to all Sri Lankans, since
Rohana Wijeweera was a politician and he even contested the 1982

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presidential election.
Truth is also decorated by almost every practising politician in this
globe according to his or her fancy. Show me a politician who trumpets
the truth in its naked beauty and I will show you a saint. Even the
reputation of a living saint like Mother Teresa has come under attack
recently due to her past cozying with politicians who have had a
penchant for truths of dubious variety.
More seriously, it is an open secret that the Intelligence services of
many countries ‘manufacture or clone’ truths according to their whims.
So you have the alphabet soup of CIA, (formerly) KGB, MI6,
MOSSAD, RAW and ISI working overtime to manipulate the political,
ethnic and religious frictions prevailing in many countries. I find it
perplexing that in your sermon, you have not bothered to mention the
questionable roles played by these Intelligence agencies as creators of
‘cloned truths’. But, you have identified Yassir Arafat, Gerry Adams
and Velupillai Prabhakaran as representatives of ‘terrorists’.
I wonder why have you not written a word about the types of truths the
CIA and MOSSAD had spread in the past about Mr.Arafat, or how the
truth manufacturing department of MI6 works round the clock to
slander the IRA or how RAW released a truth about the violent death
of Prabhakaran in the jungles of Vanni five years ago. If you have a
sincere campaign to abolish all the Intelligence agencies in the world to
save the real truths from their ‘cloned creations of truths’, you can
count on me to raise my hand.”

In my above-listing of Intelligence agencies, I did not include the FBI, since

by turf designation, its area of influence lies within the borders of USA. This
letter was written in December 1994, and Pirabhakaran’s LTTE did not
appear in FBI’s scanning radar then. This brings me to the discussion on
LTTE’s designation as a terrorist organization in the USA in 1997.

Emerging Truth in LTTE’s 1997 designation as a terrorist organization

in the USA

“There are no whole truths; all truths are half-truths. It is trying to treat
them as whole truths that plays the devil.”

- Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)

LTTE’s designation as a terrorist organization in the USA, came to be

applied first in October 1997. Representatives of Chandrika Kumaratunga’s
government, Sri Lanka’s muffled press, Chennai hacks, New Delhi’s
Intelligence wallahs, and Sinhalese bureaucrats and expatriates have their
own truths on why LTTE received the ‘terrorist organization’ designation.

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But my take is that the LTTE’s designation as a ‘terrorist organization’ in

the USA resulted due to the turf battle between FBI, and Clinton
administration, with the US State Department playing the role of an
intermediary and also sanctioning the interests of American private military
companies.

Unlike other journalists, ‘experts’ and ‘analysts’ (especially the self-styled

LTTE expert Rohan Gunaratna), I do not rely on confidential and secretive
sources. Even I do not have access to these confidential sources. As an
academic, I scrounge the news media for open and published sources of facts
and analyses and then try to fit the pieces like a jigsaw puzzle. This is my
finding.

(1) Karl Inderfurth’s testimony

At the Clinton Administration’s Policy toward South Asia Hearing before
the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International
Relations (House of Representatives, 105th Congress of USA, October 22,
1997), the newly appointed Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of
South Asian Affairs, Mr.Karl Inderfurth made the following observations:

“…In Sri Lanka last year, we had a $3 million aid program and a
two-way trade with over $1.5 billion. Trade, not aid, is the wave of the
future… In Sri Lanka, where heavy fighting between government and
LTTE forces continues, the United States supports a negotiated
political settlement to the conflict. Last week’s massive bomb attack in
Colombo only underlines the importance of ending the fighting. We
believe the Sri Lankan Government’s wide-ranging proposals for
constitutional reform are a solid basis for a peaceful solution to this
tragic conflict. Earlier this month we designated the LTTE as a terrorist
organization for the purposes of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death
Penalty Act. We call upon the LTTE to stop its indiscriminate attacks
and support a negotiated settlement of the conflict in Sri Lanka.”

Mr.Doug Bereuter, one of the committee members, raised the issue of LTTE
to Mr.Inderfurth for additional clarification, as follows:

Mr.Doug Bereuter: Just a few minutes ago, you mentioned the designation of
the LTTE as a terrorist organization. I think all of us in Congress were
pleased to see the Administration release that list of terrorist organizations.
Our expectation would be that this will place a cramp on their fund raising
opportunities in this country…How do we now plan to react to past Sri
Lankan Government’s request for assistance, and how specifically will our
domestic law enforcement agencies attempt to implement the requirements
of the act, of the list that has been promulgated under the act which lists the
LTTE as a terrorist organization?”

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Mr.Inderfurth’s response was,

“Mr.Chairman, with respect to the terrorist designation, this is a

domestic matter. This relates to what we will do within our country
with respect to fundraising by LTTE organizations or sympathizers. It
will relate to visas. It will relate to assets that can be dealt with here.
The FBI and other law enforcement agencies will be pursuing this –
indeed, already are. So the terrorist designation does not speak to any
further cooperation we may have with the Government of Sri Lanka. It
very much relates to what we will do in this country.
Now with respect to the Sri Lankan Government, we do have a normal,
strong, bilateral relationship with them. We have made it clear to them
that we do not have any view that we should become engaged directly
in their insurgency and in terms of any provision of military assistance.
On the other hand, we have a normal bilateral relationship where we
do have training programs with their military. We do have supply
relationships, and we will continue those. But in terms of their
insurgency and their war in the North dealing with the LTTE, this is
something that is very much a Sri Lankan matter, but we will do what
we can within the confines of our law to assist.”

The points to be reiterated in Mr.Inderfurth’s testimony are as follows:

(1) “with respect to the terrorist designation, this is a domestic matter.

This relates to what we will do within our country with respect to
fund raising by LTTE organizations or sympathizers.”

(2) “The FBI and other law enforcement agencies will be pursuing this –
indeed, already are.”

(3) “So the terrorist designation does not speak to any further
cooperation we may have with the Government of Sri Lanka. It very
much relates to what we will do in this country [USA]”.

(4) “in terms of their insurgency and their war in the North dealing with
the LTTE, this is something that is very much a Sri Lankan matter.”

To these, should be added the following facts.

Fact 1: No record exists in documentation or hearsay of a single American

individual dying due to LTTE’s violent activities in Sri Lanka or elsewhere
since 1983. But, Rev.Eugene J.Hebert (an American Jesuit missionary,
originally from Jennings, Lousiana) had lost his life in Batticaloa in 1990,
due to the repressive terror of the Sri Lankan state’s army personnel. Later
when I analyse the LTTE’s operation in the Eastern Eelam, I will present

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the ‘last letter’ written by this missionary.

Fact 2: No record exists in documentation or hearsay about Pirabhakaran

preaching anti-American sentiments to his cadres.

Fact 3: FBI’s annual budget in 1993 was 2.0 billion US dollars. By 1998, it
reached 3.0 billion US dollars. Currently the FBI budgest stands at 3.6
billion US dollars. [cover story in the U.S.News & World Report, June 18,
2001, p.17].

Fact 4: ‘Terrorism’ was the theme song FBI played to the decision makers
in the Capitol Hill to receive funding. The cover story on FBI which
appeared in the U.S.News & World Report of June 18, 2001 stated, “The
engine driving the budget increases, of course, is terrorism. Since 1993, the
FBI’s counter-terrorism budget has exploded, from $77 million to $376
million. The biggest increases came after the carnage wrought by McVeigh
in Oklahoma City. Just recently, Freeh [the ex-Director of FBI, who was a
President Clinton appointee] asked for an additional $26 million to expand
a joint terrorism strike force. Not surprisingly, the terrorism pitch is a
winning one on Capitol Hill.”

Fact 5: When LTTE was first designated as a ‘foreign terrorist organization’

by the US State Department in October 1997, LTTE was not even banned in
Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan ban on LTTE came in February 1998, following
the damage to Dalada Maligawa compounds.

(2) FBI’s role

Almost a month before the US News & World Report cover story on the
current status of FBI, the New Yorker magazine of May 14,2001 carried a
profile of the recently retired FBI’s boss Louis Freeh in its ‘Annals of
Politics’ column. It was authored by Elsa Walsh. Some factual information
presented in this profile of Freeh reinforced in me the consequences of the
political tug of war between Freeh’s FBI and the Clinton administration,
which came to affect the LTTE. Though Freeh was appointed to the position
by President Clinton, their relationship lost cordiality soon after and they
were not in talking terms, not for weeks or months – but for years! Some
excerpts:

“Freeh noted in his retirement statement that during his tenure [i.e.,
between 1993 and mid 2001] the Bureau [FBI] has more than doubled
its overseas presence… By the time he leaves, at the end of June,
Freeh, …has overseen the largest expansion of the FBI in the agency’s
history, and assured its central role in national-security issues, very
possibly becoming more powerful than J.Edgar Hoover…
Relations between Freeh and the Clinton White House soon

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deteriorated, beginning with Freeh’s criticism of White House efforts to

involve the FBI in the Administration’s decision, in 1993, to fire
members of the travel staff, and his public objection to the
Administration’s proposed cuts in the FBI’s 1995 budget.”

Taken together, the above facts [i.e, Karl Inderfurth’s testimony, the retired
FBI director’s penchant for expanding his area of control beyond the
borders of USA, and Clinton administration’s numerous scandals – sexual
and political – and diversionary bullying tactics] led me to infer that for the
FBI to receive additional annual funding from federal budget, it had to show
‘targets’ which it was intending to pursue. And LTTE became one of the 30
‘nominally acceptable targets’ to be included in the US State Department’s
list of ‘Foreign Terrorist Organizations’. This situation may persist until the
Eelam Tamils generate a vigorous political lobby in the USA. One should
note that the power players of American politics hesitate to label the Irish
Republican Army as a ‘foreign terrorist organization’ since the Irish vote
lobby is powerful.

(3) Role of US State Department

The US State Department’s role in sanctioning (in a limited range, so as not
to embarrass the American presidency) was also revealed in an Australian
Broadcasting Corporation’s Radio National program, which aired on June
15, 1997. The focus of this weekly investigative documentary program,
produced by Stan Correy, on that day was private military companies. Full
transcript has appeared in the internet.

Relevant sections on the consultancy for the Sri Lankan army by the
Military Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI), which is an American ‘gun for
hire’ soldier company and the comments of Stan Correy (the producer),
David Isenberg (of the Center for Defence Information in Washington DC),
Paul Harris (a British correspondent), and General Ed Soyster (MPRI’s
spokesman) are provided below.

“Stan Correy: The other big company is MPRI – Military Professional

Resources Inc. They began business in 1988, when a group of
ex-Pentagon Generals decided to put their expertise out for hire.

David Isenberg: They are a completely private sector organization, albeit

with extensive contacts with the public sector, the US military,
government and defence establishment… they’re squeaky clean, they
don’t do anything which isn’t fully vetted and scrutinized and approved
by the relevant US government agencies, and the US State Department…

Stan Correy: MPRI’s success as a corporate army role model comes about
because of its work in Croatia in 1995.

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Paul Harris: The Croats launched an offensive simultaneously on seven or

eight fronts and this is not from the old Warsaw Pact textbook, this
offensive was straight from the NATO textbook. And I believe that the
Croats were quite up to reading military strategy and doing this on their
own. Now by coincidence, MPRI had for a couple of years been training
the Croatian army. MPRI of course would stoutly deny to you that they
were in any way involved in this offensive, but equally I think it’s naïve to
take that at face value, and to me the offensive bore all the hallmarks of a
western-style planned military strategy.

Stan Correy: MPRI do deny that they led the campaign in Krajina.
General Ed Soyster is MPRI’s spokesman. He is also a former head of
defence intelligence for the US military… However the ‘guns for hire’
label does still [hangs] around MPRI. The phrase ‘US military advisor’
has a rather nasty echo in recent US history. After all, it was US military
advisors who began the protracted US involvement in Vietnam. So when
it leaked out last year [1996] that private American advisors, identified as
MPRI, were said to be taking a contract to train soldiers in one of modern
Asia’s civil wars, media alarm bells began to ring.

Paul Harris explains how it all started at a going-away party in Sri Lanka’s
capital, Colombo.

Paul Harris: MPRI were involved in drawing up I understand, a long-term

training strategy for the Sri Lankan army, a program which would vastly
improve its capability. Well the news of this started to leak out after a
drinks party at which the retiring commander of the Sri Lankan army,
possibly had one over the odds. He revealed that America was coming to
the assistance of the Sri Lankans, and he rather let the cat out of the bag.
It was very embarrassing to the American Embassy in Colombo, and for
those of us who knew how many beans made five, it’s quite clear that
MPRI was involved, that the US government was involved at a more
official level, and the bottom line was that the Americans withdrew from
Sri Lanka, announced that withdrawal at the end of August [1996],
beginning of September last year in a run-up of course, to Presidential
elections [of 1996]. And the White House was extremely concerned
about publicity which the actions were getting in Washington, and they
felt obliged to publicly say that ‘We’re not getting involved in another
Asian adventure’. They might have added, ‘in the run-up to an election’.
People in the US State Department told me, ‘Nothing to do with us, it
must be those MPRI people’. And of course MPRI said, ‘Oh well, we’re
not involved’. And so everybody was using the presence of the other, as
you might say, to dodge the column.

Stanley Correy: Paul Harris. Well, General Ed Soyster doesn’t want to

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dodge the column’. Yes, MPRI did go to Sri Lanka, but the contract to
train the Sri Lankan army was never signed.

Ed Soyster: We were contacted by the Sri Lankan government. In fact I

personally went to Sri Lanka with another officer in the company, and
discussed the possibility for training there. That contract, like any other
business arrangement, was not signed. We did have a license from our
State Department because of the nature of the training that we were going
to provide, to conduct a training. But like any business, I don’t know any
business contractor that goes out on every opportunity and comes back
with a contract. So we’ve done no work there. Two of us were there for
about a week with discussions, and that’s our total involvement in Sri
Lanka.

Stan Correy: I suppose what people are saying is because you are a US
company and have the military background, and do work by the State
Department, your presence could be seen as American involvement.

Ed Soyster: It certainly could be, because we are Americans. But again I

would emphasise that MPRI’s a private company; we’re not a proxy for
the government; we do work directly for our own army. They’ve have
crossed the bridge and recognized that this is a very good way to receive
training. But we are not supported by the government in any way, not one
nickel of US money has every gone to any effort of MPRI overseas.

David Isenberg: A company like MPRI stands at the pinnacle of this new
hierarchy of private sector military firms. There’s intense interest, because
on the one hand they are private, and independent, but on the other hand
they are very close to the US government military elite. In fact all their
overseas contracts are vetted by the State Department. Couldn’t they very
easily become another arm of the US government, doing what the State
doesn’t want to do directly with its own military?…”

After reading this transcript, especially the comments of General Ed Soyster,

one can infer that the Gen.Soyster has not denied the link his MPRI
company had with the US State Department. First he had asserted that “We
did have a license from our [US] State Department because of the nature of
the training that we were going to provide, to conduct a training.”
Subsequently he also informed that “We’re not a proxy for the government;
we do work directly for our own army.” Mr.David Isenberg had also
corroborated this fact with the statement, “they [MPRI] don’t do anything
which isn’t fully vetted and scrutinized and approved by the relevant US
government agencies, and the US State Department.”

My inference is that during the 1996-97 period, the then US State

Department officials played a double role; it had to cover the derriere of the

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scandal-ridden Clinton administration so that Clinton-Gore ticket’s chances

of re-election for the second term against Dole-Kemp ticket was not
fumbled, and it also had to provide ‘business opportunities’ for the
‘gun-for-hire’ companies like MPRI. The outcome was adding the LTTE to
its ‘foreign terrorist organization’ list in 1997.

The oft-suggested reasons for this 1997 American action against the LTTE,
such as the ‘long record of LTTE’s atrocities’, Lakshman Kadirgamar’s
active international campaigning for strictures against LTTE and the
Sinhalese expatriate community’s powerful backing of some US
Congressional leaders are merely half-truths.

How did Pirabhakaran cope with this setback? Since four years have
passed, one can see that he did not take any rash and impulse-oriented
decisions to confront the American policy. In this, he had shown
maturity in leadership. He knew who his adversaries were (and are),
and Americans are not in his list of adversaries. I wonder whether he
could have thought that the 1997 labeling as ‘foreign terrorist
organization’ by the US State Department was nothing but a painful
thorn in his flesh. A guerrilla warrior who has survived in jungles also
would have learnt something about how to extricate the thorn without
compounding the pain. (Continued)

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