Concrete mix design ( according to NE 012- 1999)

The concrete mix it is performed for the concrete used in the foundation beam.

C20/25-P810-T3/T4-I32.5-16-III C20/25 the concrete class P810- the impermeability degree T3/T4- the workability (depends on the type of the element) I32.5- the cement type (depends on the concrete class, execution conditions and exposure class) max = 16mm - the aggregates maximum diameter III- the granularity zone The concrete mix proportions are determined using NE 012-1999. The performance requirements are defined by the shape of the element, finishing, strength, durability, shrinkage and creep. To achieve these requirements the fresh concrete must be suitable in terms of quality and quantity of its constituents and the following requirements must be respected: -the mix should produce homogeneous concrete in a short time, this property gives the mix-ability of the concrete; -the mix should be stable;it should not segregate during transportation; -the mix shoul be cohesive and mobile enough to be placed in the form around the reinforcement, the property is called mobility; -the mix should be amenable to proper and through compaction into a dense and compact state, with minimum voids; the property is called compact-ability; -the mix should give a satisfactory surface finish without honeycombing or blowing holes through the formwork and on free surface; this property is called finish-ability; These requirements of mix-ability, stability, transportability, place-ability, mobility, compact-ability and finish-ability of the fresh concrete mentioned above are collectively referred to workability. The workability depends primarily on the materials, mix proportions and environmental conditions. The workability of fresh concrete should be such that it can be placed in formwork and compacted with minimum effort, without segregation or bleeding. The choice of workability depends upon the type of compacting equipment available, the size of the section and concentration of reinforcement.

Preliminary mix design Is obtained by tacking into consideration theoretical information given by standards and the materials characteristics (cement type). The assumption is that the aggregates are dry. -establish the water quantity (W), by taking into account the concrete strength (C20/25) , the required workability (T3/T4) and the nature of the aggregates (max = 16mm): Concrete grade (class) < C8/10 C8/10 C20/25 C25/30 W= 220 l; W*= 1.10 * 200= 220 l; -the water/cement ratio (W/C) can be evaluated by using the standards, taking into consideration the concrete class (C20/25) and also the cement type (I32.5): P810 => W/C= 0.5 (tab I.4.2)
Concrete grade (class) C8/10 C12/15 C16/20 C18/22.5 C20/25 C25/30 C28/35 C30/37 C32/40 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 32.5 0.75 0.65 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.45 0.40 Cement type 42.5 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.40 52.5 0.60 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.40

T2 160 170 185

The water quantity W (l/m3) T3 T3/T4 170 185 200 200 215

T4 220 230

-determine the cement quantity:

W * 220 = C= W 0.50 = 440 C

kg m3

-determine the overall aggregates quantity, for a cubic meter is:

1000dm3 =

G ag ag

C +W +a c

-the air volume for max = 16mm is a= 10s= 10*2.5= 25 dm3/m3; ag = 2.7 kg/dm3; c = 3.1 kg/dm3; a = 1.0 kg/ dm3.

It results: Gag = 2.7 * (1000 440/3.1 220 25) = 1656 kg/m3 -evaluate the proportion of each size fraction by selecting an appropriate grading curve for the available aggregate and nominating the values for the cumulative percentage passing: For C=440 [kg/m3] and T3/T4 it results the granularity zone III.(tab I.4.5) The recommended granularity zones (NE 012 1999) The workability type T2 T3, T3/T4 T4, T4/T5, T5 <200 I I The cement quantity C (kg/m3) 200 300 300 400 I (II)* II (III)* I (II)* II (III)* I I (II)* >400 III III II (III)*

The granularity zone limits 020 mm (NE 012 1999) Zone I II III Limit min max min max min max 0.2 10 3 7 2 5 1 % passing through sieve 1 3 (5) 7 40 55 75 30 46 66 30 45 65 20 36 56 20 35 55 10 25 45 20 100 95 100 95 100 95

Gij =

p j pi 100

Gag

Gij- the quantity of aggregate for size di-dj; pi /pj- passing percentage through the dj/di size sieve.

So, it results: S0.2-3 = kg p3 35 Gag = 1655 = 579.6 3 100 100 m

kg p p3 55 35 Gag = 1655 = 331.2 3 S3-7 = 7 100 100 m kg p p7 100 55 Gag = 1655 = 745.2 3 G7-16 = 16 100 100 m kg m3

As a checking Gag has to be equal to Gij : 579.6+331.2+745.2= 1656

(OK!)

The concrete apparent specific weight becomes: m3 So, if we synthesize, for the first approximation (standard mix) the following results were found: Water quantity W = 220 l/m3 Cement quantity C = 440 kg/m3 W/C = 0.50 Apparent specific weight b = 2316 kg/m3 Aggregate quantity Gag = 1656 kg/m3 Sand 0.2 3 mm S0.2-3 = 579.6 kg/m3 Sand 3 7 mm S3-7 = 331.2 kg/m3 Gravel 7 16 mm G7-16 = 745.2 kg/m3 b = W* + C + Gag = 220 + 440 + 1656 = 2316 kg

Laboratory mix design

This means checking of concrete for workability, cohesion and surface finish and testing cubes for determine the compressive strength. After the mix proportions are determined by the designs a trial mix is made. In order to obtain the specific workability (T3/T4) from the laboratory testing, it is necessary another quantity of water (W=230 l/m3) and another specific weight (b=2398 [kg/m3]), meaning an another cement quantity:
Cnew = Wnew 230 kg = W 0.50 = 460 3 m C

The new aggregate quantity is obtained:

Gag , new =

b ,eff + b W C = (2398+2316)/2 230-460= 1667 [kg/m3] 2

For C=460 [kg/m3] and T3/T4 the granularity zone is III (assume that the aggregates are in dry state):
G gi = p j pi 100 Gag

So, it results:

S 0 .2 3 = S 3 7

p3 35 35 kg Gag = Gag = 1667 = 583.45 3 100 100 100 m p p3 55 35 55 35 kg = 7 Gag = Gag = 1667 = 333.4 3 100 100 100 m

G716 =

p16 p7 100 55 100 55 Gag = Gag = 1667 100 100 100 kg = 750.15 3 m

As a checking Gag has to be equal to Agi (Gag = Agi):583.45+333.4+750.15=1667[kg/m3] In this case the results are: Water quantity Wnew = 230 l/m3 Cement quantity C = 460 kg/m3 W/C = 0.50 Apparent specific weight b = 2398 kg/m3 Working mix design Aggregate quantity Gag = 1667 kg/m3 Sand 0.2 3 mm S0.2-3 = 583.45 kg/m3 Sand 3 7 mm S3-7 = 333.4 kg/m3 Gravel 7 16 mm G7-16 = 750.15 kg/m3

Is given by the real existing humidity of the aggregates (uis = 2% and uig = 1%). This humidity represents in other words a quantity of water that has to be subtracting from the total quantity of water. The aggregates humidity is evaluated with the following formula: uij Gij Gij = 100 So, for each type results: S 0.23 = S 37 u is S 0.23 = 11.669l / m 3 ; 100 u S = is 37 = 6.668l / m 3 ; 100
u ig G7 16 100 = 7.501l / m 3 .

G7 16 =

It results that the total amount of water that is already found in aggregates is: G =Gij = 11.669 + 6.668 + 7.501 = 25.838 The real quantity of aggregates becomes: kg Gag = 1667 + 25.838= 1692.838 3 , m and for each sort: S0.2-3 = S0.2-3 + S0.2-3 = 583.45+11.669=595.119 S3-7 = S3-7 + S3-7 = 333.4+6.668=340.068 kg m3 ; kg m3 . kg m3 ; l m3

G7-16 = G7-16 + G7-16 = 750.15+7.501=757.651

The mixing water is: W = W - Wg = 230 25.838 = 204.162

l m3

and the apparent

specific weight is: b = W + C + Gag =204.162+460+1692.838= 2357

kg m3

For this mix results:

Water quantity W = 204.162 l/m3 Cement quantity C = 460 kg/m3 W/C = 0.50 Apparent specific weight b = 2357 kg/m3

Aggregate quantity Gag = 1700.34 kg/m3 Sand 0.2 3 mm S0.2-3 = 595.119 kg/m3 Sand 3 7 mm S3-7 = 340.068 kg/m3 Gravel 7 16 mm G7-16 = 757.651 kg/m3

Technological sheet for concrete mix

T. S. 1

C20/25 P810 T3/T4 I32.5 16 III

Composition Component Preliminary Mix design 220 440 579.6 331.2 745.2 1656 2316 Working mix Laboratory mix design 230 0.50 460 583.45 333.4 750.15 1667 2398 Working mix design 204.162 460 595.119 340.068 757.651 1700.34 2357

Water (l) A/C Cement (kg) Aggregate (kg) Total agg. (kg) Specific weight (kg/m3) S0.2-3 S3-7 G7-16