PROBLEM ON ENGINE CYCLES

Thermal Engineering by RK Rajput - ref page no. 1032

7)An engine 200mm bore and 300mm stroke works on Otto cycle. The clearance
volume is 0.0016m. The initial temperature and pressure are 1bar and 60C.If the
maximum pressure is limited to 24bar, find :
i) The air standard efficiency of the cycle
ii) The mean effective pressure of the cycle . Assume ideal conditions.
Given :
bore diameter d = 0.2m stroke length l = 0.3m clearance volume Vc =0.0016m
T=60+273=333K

P= bar Cv =0.718 kJ/kg K

Cp=1.005kJ/kg K

P=24 bar
To find: (i)

(ii) mep

Solution:
Vs = dl/4 = *0.2*0.3/4 =0.0094248m
V = Vc+Vs = 0.0016+0.0094248 = 0.011025 m
rk = V/V = V/Vc = 0.011025/0.0016 = 6.89
t = 1- (1/rk-1) = 1-(1/6.891.4-1) = 0.5379 = 53.79%
T/T = (v/v)-1
T = T* rk-1 = 333 * 6.891.4-1 = 720.66 K
P/P = (v/v)
P = P* rk = 1* 6.891.4= 14.91 bar
Pv = RT

=> v=RT/P =0.287*333/ 00 = 0.9557 m/kg

v=v/6.89 =0.9557/6.89 = 0. 387 m/kg

Swept volume vs = v-v = 0.9557-0.1387 = 0.817 m/kg

P/T = P/T =>

T=PT/P = 24*720.66/ 4.9 =

Heat supplied Qs = Cv (T-T)=0.7 8(

60 K

60-720.66) = 315.45 kJ/kg

Work done Wnet = Qs * t = 315.45*0.5379=169.68 kJ/kg

Mean effective pressure = Work done Wnet / Swept volume vs
= 169.68/0.817 = 2.076 bar

Thermal Engineering by RK Rajput - ref page no. 1032

2 )In an ideal Diesel cycle, the temperatures at the beginning of compression,
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at the end of compression and at the end of heat addition are 97C,789C and
1839C. Find the efficiency of the cycle.
Given :
T=97+273 =370K

T=789+273 = 062K

T= 839+273 =2

To find :
Solution :
T/T = (v/v)-1 = rk-1
rk-1 = 1062/370 => rk = 13.95
T/T = v/v =rc
rc = 2112/1062 = 1.989
T = T(rc/rk)-1 = 2112*(1.989/13.95)1.4-1 = 968.99 K
= - *(T-T)/(T-T)+
= 1- {(968.99-370)/1.4(2112-1062)} = 0.5925 =59.25%

2K

Thermal Engineering by RK Rajput - ref page no. 1033

3

) 1 kg of air is taken through a Diesel cycle. Initially the air is at 15C and

1 ata. The compression ratio is 15 and the heat added is 1850 kJ.Calculate:
i) The ideal cycle efficiency

ii) Mean effective pressure

Given:
m =1kg

T= 5+273=288 K

To find: (i)

P= .0 3 bar

Qs = 1850kJ/kg rk =15

(ii) mep

Solution :
T/T = (v/v)-1
T = T* rk-1 = 288 * 151.4-1 = 850.8K
P/P = (v/v)
P = P* rk = 1.013* 151.4= 44.89 bar
Heat supplied Qs = Cp (T-T)
850= .005(T-850.8)
T/T =v/v = rc

=> T =269 .6K

=> rc =2691.6/850.8 =3.164

= - [ {rc- +/* rk-1 (rc-1)} ]

=1-[{3.1641.4-1}/{1.4*151.4-1*(3.164-1)}] = 0.5513 = 55.13 %
Work done Wnet = Qs * t = 1850*0.5513=1019.91 kJ/kg
Pv = RT

=> v=RT/P =0.287*850.5/ 0 .3 = 0.8 6 m/kg

v=v/ 5 =0.8 6/ 5 = 0.0544 m/kg

Swept volume vs = v-v = 0.8 6-0.0544 = 0.7616 m/kg

Mean effective pressure = Work done Wnet / Swept volume vs

= 1019.91/0.7616= 13.39bar
Thermal Engineering by RK Rajput - ref page no. 1033
4 ) A compression ignition engine has a stroke 270mm, and a cylinder
4
diameter of 165mm.The clearance volume is 0.000434 m3 and the fuel
ignition takes place at constant pressure for 4.5 percent of the stroke. Find the
efficiency of the engine assuming it works on the diesel cycle.
Given :
bore diameter d = 0.27m stroke length l = 0.165m
clearance volume Vc =0.000434m
Heat addition takes place at 4.5% of the stroke.
To find :
Solution :
Vs = dl/4 = *0.27*0. 65/4 =0.005773m
V = Vc+Vs = 0.000434+0.005773 = 0.006207 m
rk = V/V = V/Vc = 0.006207/0.000434 = 14.3
v-v = 0.045 (v-v) = 0.045 ( 4.3v-v)
v-v = 0.045* 3.3v =>

v/v = rc = 1.5985

= - [ {rc- +/* rk-1 (rc-1)} ]

=1-[{1.59851.4-1}/{1.4*14.31.4-1*(1.5985-1)}] = 0.617 = 61.7 %

Thermal Engineering by RK Rajput - ref page no. 1033

5 ) An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and

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compression begins at 1 bar and 50C .The maximum pressure is 70 bar .The
heat transferred to air at constant pressure is equal to that at constant volume.
Determine :
i) The cycle efficiency
Take Cv= 0.718 kJ/kg K

ii) Mean effective pressure of the cycle

Cp=1.005 kJ/kg K

Given:
rk = 16

P= bar

T=50+273 =323 K

P=P=70 bar

Qsv =Qsp
To find: (i)

(ii) mep

Solution:
T/T = (v/v)-1
T = T* rk-1 = 323 * 161.4-1 = 979K
P/P = (v/v)
P = P* rk = 1* 161.4= 48.5 bar
T/T = P/P
T=PT/P = 70*979/48.5 = 4 3 K
Cv (T-T)= Cp (T-T)
0.718(1413-979) = .005(T-1413)
T = 723 K
v/v =T/T = 723/ 4 3 = .2 9
v/v = (v/v)*(v/v)= 6/ .2 9 = 3. 26
T=T *(v/v)-1 = 1723 * (1/13.126)1.4-1 = 615.34 K

Qs = Qsv + Qsp = 2* Qsv

Qs = 2* Cv (T-T) = 2*0.7 8( 4 3-979) = 623.24 kJ/kg
Qr = Cv (T-T) = 0.7 8(6 5.34-323) =209.9 kJ/kg
= -(Qs/Qr) = 1-(209.9/623.24) = 0.6632 =66.32 %
Wnet = Qs-Qr = 623.24 - 209.9= 413.32 kJ/kg
Pv = RT

=> v=RT/P =0.287*323/ 00 = 0.927 m/kg

v=v/ 6 =0.927/ 6 = 0.0579 m/kg

Swept volume vs = v-v = 0.927-0.0579 = 0.8691 m/kg
Mean effective pressure = Work done Wnet / Swept volume vs
= 413.32/0.8691 = 4.76 bar