ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Diane Ramler RN, CNM, Joyce Roberts CNM, PhD, A comparison of cold and warm sitz baths for relief of postpartum perineal pain, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, & neonatal nursing volume 15, issue 6, pages 471474, November 1996 The effect of cold sitz baths for relieving perineal pain in the postpartum period after an episiotomy was evaluated. Forty patients took both cold and warm sitz baths with random assignment of the initial bath. Patients rated the degree of perineal pain before and after each sitz bath and at half-hour and one-hour intervals after each bath. A pain scale using 0-5, 0 representing no pain and 5 representing extreme pain, was used. Analysis of pain scale scores using a two-way analysis of variance with replications showed that cold sitz baths were significantly more effective in relieving perineal pain. The greatest amount of pain relief was experienced immediately after the cold sitz baths. 2. Fatemeh Sheikhan, Fereshteh Jahdi, Effat Merghati Khoie, Neda Shams Alizadeh, Hamidreza Sheikhan and Hamid Haghani Episiotomy Discomforts Relief Using Cold Gel Pads in Primiparaus Iranian Women (A Comparative Study) Research Journal of Medical Sciences Year: 2011 | Volume: 5 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 150-154 Episiotomy is the most common perineal surgical in obstetric and midwifery. Application of Cooling devices is a new approach in pain relief but the pain related to episiotomy is typically treated with oral analgesic medications. This clinical trial involved 60 qualified primiparaus women admitted for labor in Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran. They were randomly allocated into two groups: cases (using Gel pads) and control (receiving the hospital routine). The participants pain and discomforts were recorded on the VAS and REEDA scales, respectively. Pain was evaluated 4, 12 h and 5 days after episiotomy. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 14 using independent t-test and chi-square. There were statistically difference in pain intensity scores of 2 groups in 4 h (p = 0.014), 12 h (p = 0.002) and 5 days (p = 0.000) after episiotomy. The REEDA score was significantly low in the experimental group (Gel pads group) at 5 days after episiotomy (p = 0.000). This study application of cold gel pads instead of betadine for episiotomy wound care. 3. Hoda Abed El-Azim Mohamed and Nahed Saied El-Nagger. Effect of Self Perineal Care Instructions on Episiotomy Pain and Wound Healing of Postpartum Women. Journal of American Science. 2012;8(6):640-650]. (ISSN:1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. 79 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self perineal care instructions on episiotomy pain and wound healing of postpartum women. The research design used for the current study was quasi experimental design. A total of eighty postpartum women (experimental and control groups each group consisted of 40 women) were recruited randomly for this study from the postpartum ward at El- Minia General Hospital. Tools used for data collection consisted of

interviewing sheet, the numerical rating scale (NRS), the standardized REEDA Scale and follow up sheet. The Results of the study revealed that statistically significant reduction in the level of perineal pain at 4, 24, & 48 hours and seven days postpartum between the two groups. A highly statistical significant difference between groups in relation to the interference of pain with walking, sitting, and urination at 24 & 48 hours, and at seven days postpartum. Reduction in the REEDA scores of wound healing in experimental group as compared to control group. The current study concluded that, women who received and practice self perineal care instructions on episiotomy pain and wound healing during postpartum period have, lower the level of postpartum episiotomy pain scores, decrease pain related to perineal episiotomy which interfere with womens daily activities postpartum, such as walking, sitting, urination and defecation, and better wound healing progress. 4. Padmavathi P.Dhanvantri , A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Module on Practice of Episiotomy Care among Post Natal Mothers with Episiotomy in Selected Hospital at Salem. Asian J. Nursing Edu. and Research 1(3): July-Sept. 2011 Midwives have an important role to play in the care of perineal wound following child birth in order to minimize pain, discomfort, to maximize healing and sense of well-being in the post natal mothers. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching module on practice of episiotomy care among post natal mothers with episiotomy. Design: Quasi experimental design was selected for the study. Setting: K.N. Rao Hospital, Salem. Participants: 100 post natal mothers with episiotomy (50 control group and 50 experimental group) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling. Methods: Experimental group mothers received planned teaching module on episiotomy care. Participants completed a semi structured interview questionnaires at post-test. Collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In control group, the mean score of the sample was 12.02 (SD = 1.94) and the experimental group mean score was 26.9 (SD=2.83) with unpaired t value of 22.05. This showed that the planned teaching module was effective in enhancing the practice of the sample regarding episiotomy care. There was a statistically significant association found between the post test practice scores of the sample with their demographic variables. Conclusion: In control group nearly three fourth of the sample had partially adopting practice (72% ) where as in experimental group most of them had fully adopting practice ( 86% ) . The effective patient teaching bridges the gap between the health information and health practice results in altering the patients behavior in a desired manner. Enhancing patients participation in their own nursing care providing them with necessary information on episiotomy, encouraging self care, teaching and promoting daily assessment of the wound and implementing universal precautions to prevent wound infection.

NURSING RESEARCH

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

SUBMITTED TO, MR. RIAZ KM ASST. PROFESSOR GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING, TSR

SUBMITTED BY, DEENA VINCENT SECOND TEAR MSC NURSING GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING, TSR