ANSWER SCHEMES PEPERIKSAAN PENGGAL 1 CHEMISTRY 962/2 Section A 1.A 2.B 13.A 14.

3. A 15.A

4.C

5.D

6.B

7.B

8.C

9.C

10.D

11.B

12.C

Section B 16 (a)(i) PbO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(s) + H2O(l) (ii) Act as a base (iii) PbO2 (s) + 4HCl(aq) PbCl2 (s) + Cl2 (g) + 2H2O(l) (iv) +4 to +2 (v) Act as a base (vi) Lead (II) compound are more stable than lead (IV) compound (b)(i) Tetrahedral shape (ii) PbCl4 have its emptry d orbitals to form dative bonds with water molecules 17 (a)(i) Cl2(g) + 2OH- (aq) Cl- (aq) + ClO- (aq) + H2O (l) (ii) 0 to +1 and reduced to -1 simultaneously (b)(i) Silver bromide (AgBr) (ii) The photochromic glass which consist of silver bromide crystals start to deposit silver. 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 Section C 18 (a)(i) No of mol N2H4 = 1/ 32 = 0.03125 mol Heat liberated = 534.0 kJ x 0.03125 = 16.6875 kJ Heat received by calorimeter = c t 16.6875 = 5.86 t t = 2.85oC (ii) N2H4 + O2 N2 + 2H2O = -534 kJ mol-1-------(a) H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O = -242 kJ mol-1----------(b) N2 + 2H2 N2H4 = ?? -(a) + 2(b) ; 534 484 = +50kJ mol-1 (b) (i) Enthalpies of vaporisation of sodium and aluminium higher than chlorine - Sodium and aluminium were held by strong metallic bond while chlorin held by the weak Van der Waals forces - Aluminium have higher enthalpies of vaporisation than sodium because the metallic bond is increase from Na to Al as the no of valence e- donates to form the bonds increases from 1 (sodium) to 3 (aluminium) (ii) Sodium chloride. Sodium chloride show an ionic characteristics while aluminium chloride show a covalent characteristics. Aluminium chloride can form dimer molecules which have a relatively low enthalpies of vaporisation from sodium chloride.

19 (a) Descending Group 2, atomic radius increase and effective nuclear charge decreases - The force if attraction of the nucleus to the outer electrons decreases - M (g) M+ (g) + e- The electrons are removed more easily - The first ionisation energy decreases down the Group 2 (b) - Descending Group 2, the reactivity towards water increases. - Beryllium has no reactions with water or steam due to a strong resistant layer of oxide on its surfaces. - Magnesium has no reaction with cold water but reacts rapidly with steam to form MgO and H2 Mg(s) + H2O (g) MgO (s) + H2 (g) - Calcium, strontium and barium reacts with cold water with increasing vigourously to form hydroxides and H2 gas. - M (s) + 2H2O (l) M (OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g) (c) Descending group 2, thermal stability of group 2 nitrates increases. - Size of Group 2 cations increases and decrease their charge density and results the decreasing in the polarising power of the cation. - The larger the cations, the smaller the lattice energy of the oxide formed on decomposition - As a result, more heat is required to decompose the nitrates. M (NO3)2 (s) MO (s) + 2NO2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g)