UNIVERSITY "VITEZ" TRAVNIK ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1 Oral Presentation Topic: Diabetes melitus

DIABETES MELITUS

Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger) Diabetes or diabetes (diabetes mellitus Lat.), the disorder is to increase blood sugar pancreas glands (pancreas), which occurswhen the pancreas stops completely or partially produce the hormone insulin or the insulin is not effective in the body that case,the cells do not receive food necessary for life. Diabetes is a disease initially treated with diet and tablets, and later injections ofthe hormone insulin. The disease is hereditary, and the probabilitythat it will get people (50%) increases if the person is obese. Signs of diabetes are: frequent and abundant urination (polyuria) fatigue / weakness blurred vision thirst sudden weight loss Type 1 diabetes Sometimes called insulin-dependent type of diabetes in which it is necessary to inject insulin into the body. This type of disease develops when the pancreas produces little or no insulin. In this case, insulin must be taken by injection. More common in children and adolescents, but can occur in adults. It occurs at a frequency of about 10% of patients. The emergence of type 1 diabetes is usually sudden and dramatic, and may include the following symptoms and signs: frequent urination (polakisurija) excessive thirst (polydipsia) and dry mouth express tiredness / lack of energy constant hunger sudden weight loss vision problems recurrent infections

Type 2 diabetes Sometimes called insulin dependent type of diabetes in which insulin is required for metabolic control. Type 2 disease occurs when the pancreas is not able to produce insulin to meet the needs of the organism or the insulin produced is not used effectively. This situation can be controlled by proper diet, regular exercise and tablets. It occurs primarily in adults, but more often develops in young people. This is the most common form of diabetes, which comprises about 90% of all patients. In type 2 symptoms occur gradually in a much milder form, it is difficult to diagnose and it can not fail. However, symptoms of type 1 diabetes, the less marked forms may also be present in type 2 disease. Some people with type 2 diabetes have no early symptoms and are diagnosed several years after onset. In about half of all cases to the development of chronic complications, there are no symptoms. Acute complications Acute complications of diabetes are: Diabetic ketoacidosis hypoglycemia Hyperosmolar state neketotiko Diabetic coma Lactic acid acidosis Insulin is the principal hormone that regulates uptake of glucose from the blood into most cells (primarily muscle and fat cells, but not central nervous system cells). Therefore, deficiency of insulin or the insensitivity of its receptors plays a central role in all forms of diabetes mellitus.Humans are capable of digesting some carbohydrates, in particular those most common in food; starch, and some disaccharides such as sucrose, are converted within a few hours to simpler forms, most notably the monosaccharide glucose, the principal carbohydrate energy source used by the body. Treatment:In the treatment of diabetes education occupies a special place, self monitoring and self care. The disease is treated with proper diet and exercise, after which performs drug treatment (antidiabetic). Since the use of oral hypoglycaemic sulfonylureas (eg chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glikvidon), meglitinides, biguanides (metformin), thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose). Different types of insulin are also used in therapy. Of the newer drugs are mentioned peptide analogues (incretin stimulators, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, Amylin analogues) Source: http://www.vasdoktor.com/medicina-od-a-do-z/endokrinologija/435-diabetes-mellitus www-PLIVAmed.net