L-5 KU-BAND V-SAT & IDR EQUIPMENT

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Ku Band VSAT
The Ku band ("kay-yoo" K-under band) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 11 to 18 GHz. BSNL Ku band service works on: - 11.637 GHz downlink frequency - 14.437 GHz uplink frequency Presently Ku Band Hub (Gateway) uses INSAT-3B satellite to provide broadband packet-switched communications to a large number of user terminals. VSAT technology is a secure and reliable medium to connect geographically dispersed locations and represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an independent communication network connecting to the global network. In a situation where other connectivity options are not feasible, Ku Band VSAT offer value added satellite based services capable of supporting internet, Local Area Network, voice, Fax and can also provide powerful dependable private communication solutions.

What is VSAT?
VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT is a small earth station which provides a communication link required to setup a satellite based communication network. It is a small satellite dish diameter is typically 1.2-1.8 meters for Ku-band systems that is capable of both receiving and sending satellite signals. VSAT systems can be designed to serve both broadcast and interactive applications whether data, voice or video, which are now being served by terrestrial lines. VSAT Equipment is mainly consist of ODU ( Outdoor Unit ) IDU ( Indoor Unit )

Outdoor Unit (ODU):

The outdoor unit system is specifically optimized for use with the Indoor Unit and consists of: Antenna (0.75m - 1.8m) Block Upconverter (BUC) (1W-2W) Low Noise Block-Downconverter (LNB) Feed Assembly (Co-pol or X-pol)

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ODU

Dish
LNB Feed horn

Power LAN Link Ethernet Sync

IDU (IPX-5100)

BUC

BUC : Block Up Converter; Up converts and amplifies modem information for transmission to the satellite. A BUC (Block Up-Converter) takes an L-band input and transmits it upstream to the satellite on Ka, Ku, or C band.(1W,2W,4W BUC) LNB : Low Noise Block Down Converter; Down converts and amplifies signals received from the satellite to the modem or receiver. In addition to amplifying the signal, the LNB also converts the signal to a frequency usable by the In-DoorUnit.

IDU ( Indoor Unit )

High Performance Satellite Terminal: Download speeds of up to 4 Mbps Upload speeds of up to 2 Mbps Flexible Interfaces: Ethernet 10/100 BaseT (RJ45) USB 1.1 100-240 V AC Power Supply -48 V DC,12 VDC Power Supply 2

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VSAT ARCHITECTURE
VSAT networks can be arranged in point to point, star, mesh, star/mesh, and broadcast configurations. The preferred arrangement depends on the kind of information flow the network will service. VSAT networks come in various shapes and sizes ranging from star data system users with one site connected to an operator's shared hub to many thousands based on a dedicated facility located at their own site.

NE

Mesh systems have traditionally been somewhat smaller in size than star systems - 5 to 30 sites used to be a good rule of thumb - but the average size of orders has risen as prices have come down and some rural telephony networks now comprise as many as several hundred or even thousands of sites. A point to point network allows two-way communications between two VSAT sites. A star network allows any number of VSAT sites to have two-way communication with a central hub. A mesh network allows two-way communications BRBRAITT JABALPUR 3

KU-Band VSAT & IDR between any VSAT sites in a network. A central hub is not necessary. Each site communicates to another site with a single satellite hop. There are three basic VSAT transmission types: TDMA, time-division multiple access; DAMA, demand-assigned multiple access; and SPCP/MCPC, single/multiple channels per carrier. Interactive VSAT systems come in two main network topologies - star and mesh. The former tends to be based either on a shared access scheme (TDM/TDMA), which is designed to support transactional processing applications, or on a dedicated link (the satellite equivalent to a leased line). The latter usually uses links which are set-up and torn-down on request to establish a direct link between two sites on a demand assigned basis. Ku Band HUB (Earth Station) at

BANGALORE consists of : 1. 2. 3. Satellite antenna of 8.1 m Cassegrain feed type. Ku Band RF equipment and its control systems. GATEWAY Networking Equipment with interfaces to Terrestrial Networks like MLLN, MPLS and NIB.

VSAT SERVICES OFFERED

VSAT is an ideal satellite network that provides communications support for a wide range of applications: -Voice Application -Facsimile -E-learning - Financial Management - Data processing - Reservation System - Telemetry & Data Collection - News Wire Services - Private-Line Voice - Virtual Private Networks - Distance Education - High Speed Internet Access - Telemedicine -Voice over IP Telephony -Broadcast and Multicast BRBRAITT JABALPUR 4

KU-Band VSAT & IDR High speed Broadband Internet

Satellite Terminals provides robust Broadband/Internet network of BSNL by providing high speed Internet directly to the users with a nationwide coverage. It delivers bandwidth on demand allowing efficient use of bandwidth making it ideal for broadband access rollout to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), public Internet users (such as Internet Cafes / Browsing Centres), Apartments and individual users. It provides similar broadband and high speed Internet capabilities available on BSNL

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Video Conferencing based networks. By delivering these attributes BSNL's video conferencing solution is unmatched. Video conferencing solution can be used for corporate meetings, technical support functions, distance learning, telemedicine, job recruiting interviews, direct-sales, legal work, telecommuting, and manufacturing. Supports Client/Server based video conferencing with MPEG-4 protocol. Flexible data speeds ranging from 64, 128, 256, 384 kbps and above Broadcast and Multicast features - Supports both Point-to-Point and Point-toMultipoint conferencing. Ideal for mass corporate training, internal corporate TV Broadcasting and elearning using Broadcast and Multicast features

VSAT TERMINAL FEATURES Maximum Trans / Receive Data upto 2 Mbps with 10/100 Mbps Base-T SERVICES OFFERED Leased Lines through VSAT on IP platform: 4Kbps onwards High speed Broadband Internet VPN Networking VoIP Telephony Facsimile Telemedicine E-learning IP multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video Streaming

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DIGITAL SATELLITE PHONE TERMINAL (DSPT)

Introduction: Digital Satellite Phone Terminal System (DSPT system or DSPS) project involves setting up a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Based network for BSNL. The system consists of HUB Station and Remote Digital Satellite Phone Terminals working in Ku-Band (Transmit Frequency is 13.75-14.5 GHz and Receive is 10.712.75 GHz). DSPT Network provides PSTN connectivity to rural, remote, inaccessible and hilly areas via INSAT (Indian National Satellite) or leased transponder for DTS network. The VSAT system works in a star topology using DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access) technology. For BSNL VSAT network the Hub shall be located at Sikanderabad (A.P.), adjoining Delhi, in Uttar-Pradesh and there shall be 15000 DSPT remotes located over several states in India with higher proportions being in North, North East and East provinces.

Typical Network Configuration of DSPT system

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Overview of DSPT HUB: The Hub of DSPT system will be composed of Indoor and Outdoor facilities. The outdoor facility is a complete Antenna and RF path while the indoor comprises the Hub Base-band and the other equipments: The Hub of DSPT system comprises of Indoor facilities and Outdoor facilities. Indoor facilities: Indoor facilities has following components, a. Hub Base-band b. Transit switch. In the Indoor facility consists of redundant Hub-base band unit, a Transit switch to provide connectivity to PSTN network, associated Data-Base servers, Billing system consisting of Billing system Hardware and software, the data networking equipment consisting Firewall, web-server, Authentication server and router to provide backend connectivity to the Internet. The base-band and remotes have a NMS and its database to configure and manage the entire VSAT-based network. Outdoor facilities: a. Antenna (8.1 Meter antenna assembly): In the Outdoor facility has an Extended motion antenna assembly, which is controlled by 3-phase Elevation and Azimuth motors. The Antenna consists of a Cass-grain Feed Horn with Hyperbolic dish at focus of antenna. b. RF path: RF path consists of Transmit chain and Receive chain. BRBRAITT JABALPUR 8

KU-Band VSAT & IDR Transmit chain consists of -ULPC (Up Link Power Control), - Up Converter and - SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifier) and Receive chain consists of - Trance reject filter, - Radar reject filter, - LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), - Power divider and Down converter.

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IDR (Intermediate Data Rate)

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IDR
( Intermediate Data Rate ) INTRODUCTION:
With the rapid digitization of telecom networks , telephone switching and terrestrial links, INTELSAT (International Telecommunications satellite Organization) planned to introduce IDR carriers into the system , to provide interconnection of these networks with high quality digital communication with information rates from 64 kb/s to 44.736 mbps between different type of earth stations.

Summary of INTELSAT Standard Earth Stations

Standard Frequency G/T Type Band (dB/K) (GHz) 6/4 35.0 A (earlier 40.7) B 6/4 31.7 C D1 D2 K1 K2 K3 F1 F2 F3 G X 14/11,12 6/4 6/4 14/11,12 14/11,12 14/11,12 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 or 14/11,12 6/4 or 14/11,12 37.0 22.7 31.7 25.0 29.0 34.0 22.7 22.0 29.0 Approximate Diameter(M) 15-18 (30-32) 10-12 10-12 4.5-6 11 3.5-4.5 5.5-6.5 5-10 4.5-5.0 7-8 9-10 All sizes All sizes

Services used for

All All except FDM / FM and TDMA/DSI FDM / FM CFDM/FM IDR,IRS VISTA VISTA IRS IRS IRS , IDR IRS IRS , IDR IRS , IDR, CFDM/FM International leased services Domestic leased services

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR Modes of Satellite services

Closed Net

- Any data rate, - No over head

Intermediate data Rate(IDR) - 2 Mbps,8Mbps & 34 Mbps Data rate - 96 k OH Intelsat Business Service - Any data rate for data transmission (IBS) 16/15 OH Drop & Insert - Fractional N x 64 Kbps - Supports Multi-destination communication

Intermediate data Rate (IDR)

IDR system provides Trunk connectivity between Telephone exchanges for Digital Telephony data via satellite.

Data rate : 64 kbps to 44.736 mbps E1- 2.048 Mbps E2- 8.448 Mbps E3- 34.368 Mbps Supports Engineering Service Channel (ESC) of 96 Kbps

The 96 Kbps overhead (ESC) channel consists of : 32 Kbps ADPCM two audio channel or 64 Kbps Data channel 8 Kbps Data channel

Four independent Backward alarms

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

IDR Framing
12 Bits OH Frame period 125 micro Sec 256 Bits DATA (2048 Kb/s)

Frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

2 1 A1 1 A2 1 A3 1 A4

3 0 d1 0 d3 0 d5 0 d7

4 0 d2 0 d4 0 d6 0 d8

5*

6 V1 V! V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1

9*

10 V2 V2 V2 V2 V2 V2 V2 V2

11

12

7 8 FRAME AND MULTIFRAME ALIGNMENT,BACKWARD ALARM, ESD DATA (FA,A,d)

TWO 32 kbps ESC VOICE Chls or one 64 Kbps DATA CHANNEL.

VI = ESC voice channel I Bits (I = 1,2) : (Set to 1 if not used) AI = Backward Alarm to destination : (I = 1,2 ,3 ,4) NO alarm = 0 , Alarm = 1 DI = ESC Digital Data (I = 1 to 8) ,(Set to 1 if not used ) 8 Frames = 1 Multiframe = 1ms OH Rate = 12 Bits / 125 micro sec = 96 Kbps *Bits 5&9 in the overhead Frame correspond to the first bit transmitted in the ESC voice channels . **d1 correspond to the first bit transmitted in the ESC data channel. The frame structure is derived by adding 12 bits every 125 micro sec resulting in a 96 Kb/s overhead rate. The overhead rate is allocated as below: a. b. c. d. 20 Kb/s for frame & multi frame alignment. 4 Kb/s for backward alarm up to four destinations. 8 Kb/s for ESC data. 8 bits for two 32 Kb/s ESC voice channels for total rate of 64 Kb/s.

FIGURE - OVERHEAD STRUCTURE FOR 2048 Kbits/s IDR CARRIERS BRBRAITT JABALPUR 13

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IDR System
UP CONVERTER
E1/E2 DATA FROM / TO EXCHANGE

SSPA

ECHO CANCELLER

MODEM

Other Sub-Systems: Redundancy Switch Equalizer ESC Switch IF/RF Power Combiner/Divider

DOWN CONVERTER

LNA

Technical Features
G703 E1,E2,E3 Interface 96 kbps Overhead Framing Operates in C-band Low Phase Noise Synthesizer Freq. Resolution Of 125 KHz IESS 308/310 Compliant QPSK &8PSK Modulation Viterbi, Reed Solomon &Trellis FEC Coding

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System Features
Star connectivity between Hub &Remote
SAT

REMOTE-1

2MBPS/ 8MBPS
DATA

HUB HUB EARTH STATION REMOTE-3 EARTH STATION

EARTH STATION
REMOTE-2

2Mbps/ 8Mbps DATA

EARTH STATION
2MBPS/ 8MBPS
DATA

2MBPS/ 8MBPS
DATA

MODEM
96Kbps OVERHEAD FRAMING 2048Kbps I & Q to IF Card CR-2144Kbps SCRAMBLER

MODULATOR
RS-2370Kbps RS ENCODER INTERLEAVER UNIQUE WORD TR-4740Kbps CONV. ENCODER

96Kbps CR-2144Kbps OVERHEAD DEFRAMER 2048Kbps

DEMODULATOR
RS-2370Kbps RS DECODER DE INTERLEAVER UNIQUE WORD

I & Q to IF Card

DESCRAMB LER

VITERBI. DE-CODER

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

UpConverter

1182.5 18MHz IF Input 70 18 MHz IFLO 1112.5M Hz SYNTHESIZER R F

~ ~ ~

IF

R F RFLO 4662.5 5242.5MHz

~ ~ ~

C-BAND RF O/P 5845-6425 MH z

OCXO 10MHz

NVRAM

MICRO
KEYPAD & LCD DISPLAY

RS232 I/F TO PC BACKUP SWITCHING

CONTROLLER

DownConverter
1042.5 18 MHz IF Input 70 18 MHz

~ ~ ~

R F IFLO 1112.5M Hz SYNTHESIZER

~ ~ ~

IF

R F RFLO 4662.5 5242.5MHz

~ ~ ~

CBAND RF I/P

OCXO 10MHz

NVRAM

RS232 I/F TO PC

MICRO
KEYPAD & LCD DISPLAY

CONTROLLER

BACKUP SWITCHING

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1:1 LNA System

30Mtr Foam dielectric cable
OP LNA

LNA

IP

TRANS REJECT FILTER LNA SW SW

RADER CUTOFF FILTER

TO I/P & O/P SWITCHES

CONTROL UNIT

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

ANTENNA:
C-Band Transponders Beacon frequency Uplink & Downlink frequency INSAT 3E Longitude = 55 East Satellite Foot Print Polarization VSWR/Return Loss

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SSPA RACK
ECHO CANCELLER

MODE M RACK

RF RACK

LNA system

HUB EARTH STATION

HUB EARTH STATION:

Hub communicates with geographically co-located remotes. The subsystems at Hub are mounted in Modem Rack and RF Rack. Accepts 2 Mbps/ 8Mbps Data from exchange, performs digital Modulation. Performs 70 MHz IF to C-band frequency. The RF system is interfaced to Antenna (7Mtr) and Amplifiers. Easy expandable. Redundancy at every stage provides reduction of system down time.

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR MODEM RACK

MODEM-R MODEM-1 MODEM-2

DDS SWITCH

MODEM-3 MODEM-4 MODEM-5 MODEM-6 MODEM-7

IF SWITCH

8:1 IF PWR COMB

1:8 IF PWR DIV.

ESC SWITCH H

MODEM-8

MODEM SWITCH Function of Modem Rack Accepts 2048/8.448 Mbps terrestrial data from echo canceller Modem performs IDR framing, Forward error correction, Digital Modulation & conversion to 70 Mhz IF output. ESC orderwire audio used for earth station maintenance is interfaced to Modem. All terrestrial data & IF are routed to Modem switch to provide change over to back up modem during filure. IF carriers are combined in IF Power combiner in uplink & divided in downlink. Maximum voice channel communication supported by 8:1 system is 240 for 2Mbps 960 voice channels for 8 Mbps. The IF signal is routed to RF rack for frequency translation.

Features of Modem Rack: Provision of DDF Panel for 2 Mbps / 8 Mbps data. Provision for IF interface at top of rack. Provision of separate Earth for Rack. Smooth flow of all signals (E1, IF, ESC and Control) 20

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR Line filter reduces EMI/EMC System is engineered for 8:1 configuration to cater future traffics. Easily expanded by plugging the modem for higher configuration.

Function of RF Rack Transmit Chain Accepts 70 MHz IF from Modem rack. Equalizer compensates delay distortion & amplitude slope. Upconverter converts IF input to C-band RF output without frequency invertion. Up converter implements dual conversion. Provision for IF & RF Monitoring at front panel. Prime & backup modules plugged to converter provides switching of IF & RF . The Output of the RF Rack is interfaced with Amplifier Rack. The amplified output is switched to antenna Tx feed via waveguide run which offers min. attenuation frequency translation.

Receive Chain Accepts receive C-band RF signal after amplification. Downconverter converts C-band RF input to IF output w/o frequency inversion. Downconverter implements dual conversion. Provision for IF & RF Monitoring at front panel of converter. Prime & backup modules plugged to converter provides switching of IF & RF. Features of RF Rack Provision for IF & RF interface at top of rack. Provision of separate Earth for Rack. Smooth flow of all signals (IF & RF) 21

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR Line filter reduces EMI/EMC.

System is engineered for 4:1 Upconverter and 8:1 configuration for downconverter to cater future traffics. Easily expandable to higher configurations by plugging Up /Down converters.

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 2 MBPS IDR EQUIPMENT

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