Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The AES Corporation is a global energy company that owns and operates a diverse and growing portfolio of electricity generation and distribution companies, which provide reliable and affordable energy to customers in 25 countries. Our power plants cover a wide range of technologies and fuel types such as coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, combined cycle, solar panels and wind power. Combining deep local knowledge with a global presence and over 30 years of experience, AES has a proven commitment to ensure operational excellence in the supply of electricity to its customers.
Letter from the President AES Values AES Dominicana Background Profile of AES Dominicana Power Generation Units Fuel Reception Facilities Natural Gas Sales Energy Balance Operational Indicators Wholesale Electric Market Generation Capacity Balance Maximum Demand Energy Supply by Fuel Type International Fuel Prices Electricity Spot Price Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right Frequency Regulation Service Non Regulated Users Market Contract Market ATTATCHMENTS Glossary Graphics
INDEX
7 9 12 14 16 24 29 32 34 36 38 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 55 57
58 60
At the end of this year 2012, AES Dominicana contributed an average of 37.8% of all the energy we sued the National Interconnected Electric System.
PEOPLE OF AES
OUR VALUES Safety First: We will always put safety first for our people, contractors and communities. Act with Integrity: We are honest, trustworthy and dependable. Integrity is at the core of all we do, how we conduct ourselves and how we interact with one another and all of our stakeholders. Honoring Commitments: We honor our commitments to our communities, customers, teammates, owners, suppliers and partners; and we want our businesses, as a whole, to make a positive contribution to society. Strive for Excellence: We strive to be the best in all that we do and to perform at world-class levels. Enjoy Our Work: We work because work can be fun, fulfilling and exciting. We enjoy our work and appreciate the fun of being part of a team that is making a difference. Combustible Primario: Gas Natural
Safety First Act with Integrity Honoring Commitments Strive for Excellence Enjoy Our Work
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As a business group, AES Dominicana combines a global perspective with deep local knowledge and a relentless commitment to operational excellence
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Then describes the main technical characteristics of the generating units AES Dominicana.
AES Dominicana
AES ANDRES
Primary Fuel: Natural Gas Commercial Operation Date: December 2nd, 2003 Gas Turbine Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Capacity: 198 MW Gas Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Inlet Heat Recovery Steam Generator Temperature: 610 C Gas Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Generator Nominal Capacity: 218.5 MVA Gas Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 18 kV Gas Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Steam Turbine Manufacturer: Hitachi Steam Turbine Capacity: 121 MW Steam Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 124 kg/cm Steam Temperature: 568 C Steam Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Siemens Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Capacity: 134 MVA Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Steam Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Low Environmental Impact and More Energetic Efficiency
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AES Dominicana
AES DPP
Primary Fuel: Natural Gas Commercial Operation Date: May 19th 1996 Manufacturer: Westinghouse Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Turbine Stages: Four (4) Compressor Stages: Nineteen (19) Outlet Gas Temperature: 630 C Generator Nominal Capacity: 2 x 142 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Speed: 3,600 rpm Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Fast Manufacture and Installation; Low Environmental Impact
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AES Dominicana
ITABO I
Primary Fuel: Mineral Coal Secondary Fuel: Fuel Oil 6 Tertiary Fuel: Fuel Oil 2 Commercial Operation Date: July 17th, 1984 Turbine Manufacturer: Brown Bovery Company Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 141 kg/cm Steam Temperature: 535 C Generator Manufacturer: Foster Wheeler Generator Nominal Capacity: 150.6 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
Installed Capacity: 128 MW Technology: Steam Turbine Installed Capacity: 132 MW Technology: Steam Turbine
EGE ITABO
ITABO II
Primary Fuel: Mineral Coal Secondary Fuel: Fuel Oil 6 Tertiary Fuel: Fuel Oil 2 Commercial Operation Date: May 10th, 1988 Turbine Manufacturer: General Electric Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 146 kg/cm Steam Temperature: 540 C Generator Manufacturer: General Electric Generator Nominal Capacity: 155.3 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
SAN LORENZO I
Primary Fuel: Fuel Oil 2 Secondary Fuel: Natural Gas Commercial Operation Date: August 25th 2012 Manufacturer: General Electric Turbine Speed: 5,133 rpm Turbine Stages: Three (3) Compressor Stages: Seventeen (17) Outlet Gas Temperature: 550 C Generator Nominal Capacity: 53.412 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Speed: 3,600 rpm Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Operational flexibility with fast boot to meet increased demand during peak hours. Fuel Reception Facilities
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AES Dominicana
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AES Dominicana
Main Characteristics:
Fourteen (14) meters deep: Enables the docking of vessels like Handymax (45,000 mt) and Panamax (65,000 mt). Auto-discharging vessels required. Discharge Capacity of 1,200 metric tons per hour.
In 2011, Estrella del Mar II, a Bi-Fuel power plant that runs with natural gas and Fuel Oil #2 that belongs to the Transcontinental Capital Corporation group, began its operations. This generation plant gets natural gas through a pipeline connected to gas station # 4 of DPP in Los Mina.
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AES Dominicana
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AES Dominicana
The following graph shows the monthly natural gas sales by economic sector during 2012.
7%
12.0
1,200,000
1,000,000
10.0
MM Btu
800,000
46%
8.0
600,000
TBtu
6.0
400,000
4.0
200,000
2.0
47%
J
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ar
y Fe
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ar
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ch ar
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il M
ay
n Ju
NGV
l Ju
y A
s gu
t
Se p
m te
be
o ct
be
r
No m ve
be
r De m ce
be
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
INDUSTRIAL
ngv GNV electricity Generacin generation Electricidad
INDUSTRIAL
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
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AES Dominicana
Energy Balance
The table below details AES Dominicanas 2012 monthly balances of energy production, energy purchases and energy sales through contracts and spot market transactions.
6%
OCT 67.1 3.8 2.7 84.1 22.2 179.7 NOV 64.5 6.5 2.6 84.2 29.7 187.3 DEC 64.6 3.1 2.0 78.3 43.1 190.9 2012 666.6 40.0 159.2 31.0 1,033.0 161.0 2,088.8
13% 9%
94%
VENTAS Distribution DISTRIBUIDORES Company Sales
78%
VENTAS Third Party OTROS Sales AGENTES
Non-regulated VENTAS Users Sales USUARIOS NO
REGULADOS
6%
13% 9%
The following table shows the most common indicators and operational rates applied to power generation units of AES Dominicana.
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AES Dominicana
Operational Indicators
The following table shows the most common indicators and operational rates applied to power generation units of AES Dominicana.
EAF
EFOF
AES ANDRES and DPP obtained remarkable values, all below 2%.
Relevant Events
14,000.00
100% 90%
8% 7%
Description Scheduled major maintenance Scheduled major maintenance Scheduled major maintenance Scheduled major maintenance Scheduled major maintenance Begins commercial operation Installation of the third train of regasification Silver Medal Recognition "Maximum Award" in the
From 1/27/2012 7/7/2012 4/1/2012 11/17/2012 1/17/2012 August 2012 January 2012
12,000.00
80% 70% 6% 5%
10,000.00
60%
ITABO 2
6,000.00
50% 40% 4% 3% 2% 20%
4,000.00
30%
2,000.00
10% 0% ANDRES ITABO 1 ITABO 2 LOS MINA 5 LOS MINA 6
1%
Large Industry category by the National Quality Andres Award. October 2012
ANDRES ITABO 1 ITABO 2 LOS MINA 5 LOS MINA 6
0%
ANDRES
ITABO 1
ITABO 2
LOS MINA 5
LOS MINA 6
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AES Dominicana
In July 2001, the Electricity General Law was issued, establishing the institutions of the sector and the rules under which it will operate. In July 2002, the Electricity General Law Rulebook was issued, completing the electrical sectors new legislation. In 2007, law number 186-07 modified the Electricity General Law and its Rulebook. The new laws goal was to penalize electrical fraud and establish other measures to obtain the electrical sectors financial viability.
The table below allows us to view the installed capacity of the system by Generation Company and by technology.
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AES Dominicana
Generation
The electricity generation park of the Dominican Republic is mainly composed of 86% of thermoelectric units, while the other 14% is composed of hydro electrical units. During 2012 the following generation units joined the SENI (National Electric Interconnected System): INCA KM 22, which belongs to Monterio and Los Origenes, which belongs to Los Origenes Power Plant.
18.7% 18.1%
18.1%
GENERATION COMPANY AES ANDRES ITABO S.A. DPP
HYDRO
[MW] 319.0 294.5 236.0 849.5 578.4 583.2 41.3 183.3 194.5 14.6 67.7 111.0 25.0 100.1 185.0 291.0 1.5 3,226.10
[%] 9.9% 9.1% 7.3% 26.3% 17.9% 18.1% 1.3% 5.7% 6.0% 0.5% 2.1% 3.4% 0.8% 3.1% 5.7% 9.0% 0.0% 100.0%
21.4%
TURBINA HIDRULICA
TURBINA ELICA
13.2%
NATURAL GAS
TURBINE WIND
ENGINE
TURBINA ELICA
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MOTORES DIESEL
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SubTotal CDEEE SAN FELIPE CESPM I CESPM II CESPM III RIO SAN JUAN COMPANIES SubTotal AES DOMINICANA SEABOARD ANDRES ESTRELLA DEL MAR ITABO I ESTRELLA DEL MAR 2 ITABO II SubTotal SAN lORENZO I CEPP LOS MINA V LOS MINA VI CEPP I CEPP II SubTotal SubTotal EGE HAINA PUEBLO HAINA I VIEJO HAINA II RIO MONTE HAINA IV SubTotal SAN PEDRO VAPOR METALDOM PUERTO PLATA I METALDOM PUERTO PLATA II SubTotal HAINA TG BARAHONA CARBN LAESA SULTANA DEL PIMENTEL I ESTE JUANCHO COCOS PIMENTEL LOS II
194.50
AES Dominicana
THERMOELECTRIC UNITS COMPANIES AES DOMINICANA ANDRES ITABO I ITABO II SAN lORENZO I LOS MINA V LOS MINA VI SubTotal EGE HAINA HAINA I HAINA II HAINA IV SAN PEDRO VAPOR PUERTO PLATA I PUERTO PLATA II HAINA TG BARAHONA CARBN SULTANA DEL ESTE JUANCHO LOS COCOS SubTotal GPLV PALAMARA LA VEGA SubTotal
CDEEE SAN FELIPE CESPM I CESPM II CESPM III RIO SAN JUAN SubTotal
FUEL
TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY [MW]
Fuel Oil 6 Combined Cycle Fuel Oil 2 Combined Cycle Fuel Oil 2 Combined Cycle Fuel Oil 2 THERMOELECTRIC UNITS Combined Cycle Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Engine FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Natural Gas Coal Coal Fuel Oil 2 / Natural Gas Natural Gas Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine
Natural Gas Fuel Oil 6 Coal Natural Gas Coal Fuel Oil 2 / Natural Gas Natural Gas Natural Gas Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6
Combined Cycle Diesel Engine Steam Turbine Combined Cycle Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Diesel Engine Diesel Engine
319.00 73.30 128.00 110.00 132.00 183.30 34.50 118.00 118.00 16.50 51.20 849.50 67.70 54.00 54.00 100.10 84.90 100.10 30.00 27.90 41.30 39.00 41.30 100.00 53.60 102.00 31.60 33.00 28.00 578.40 51.40 111.00 107.00 14.60 87.50 14.60 194.50
25.00 25.00 185.00 2,642.9 97.00 97.00 97.00 1.50 CAPACITY [MW] 477.50 48.00 48.00 49.00 73.30 49.00 110.00 26.00 183.30 26.00 27.00
Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 2 Coal Fuel Oil 6 Wind
Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Engine Wind Turbine
54.00 54.00 84.90 30.00 27.90 39.00 100.00 53.60 102.00 33.00 578.40
Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 2 Coal Fuel Oil 6 Wind Fuel Oil 6
Fuel Oil 6
Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Engine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Engine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Engine Wind Turbine Diesel Engine
Diesel Engine
Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 2
Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Diesel Engine
SubTotal PIMENTEL III SubTotal GPLV MONTE RIO PALAMARA INCA KM22 LA VEGA SubTotal SubTotal LOS ORIGENES LOS ORIGENES CDEEE SubTotal SAN FELIPE Total Thermoelectric CESPM I CESPM II CESPM III RIO SAN JUAN EGEHID - RESERVOIR HYDRO SubTotal TAVERA I TAVERA II SEABOARD JIGUEY I DEL MAR ESTRELLA JIGUEY II DEL MAR 241 ESTRELLA AGUACATE I SubTotal AGUACATE II CEPP VALDESIA I
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil 6 Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 2 HYDROELECTRIC UNITS Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 2 FUEL Water Water Water Fuel Oil 6 Water Natural Gas Water Water Water
Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Diesel Engine TECHNOLOGY Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Diesel Turbine Engine Hydro Turbine Combined Cycle Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine
AES Dominicana
HYDROELECTRIC UNITS EGEHID - NON-RESERVOIR HYDRO TAVERA I TAVERA II JIGUEY I JIGUEY II AGUACATE I AGUACATE II VALDESIA I VALDESIA II RIO BLANCO I RIO BLANCO II MONCION I MONCION II RINCON PALOMINO I PALOMINO II PINALITO I PINALITO II SubTotal Reservoir FUEL Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water TECHNOLOGY Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine CAPACITY [MW] 48.00 48.00 49.00 49.00 26.00 26.00 27.00 27.00 12.50 12.50 26.00 26.00 10.10 30.00 30.00 25.00 25.00 497.1
EGEHID - NON-RESERVOIR HYDRO LOPEZ ANGOSTURA CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION I CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION II BAIGUAQUE I BAIGUAQUE II HATILLO JIMENOA EL SALTO ANIANA VARGAS I ANIANA VARGAS II DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ I DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ II ROSA JULIA DE LA CRUZ NIZAO NAJAYO LOS ANONES SABANA YEGUA LAS DAMAS SABANETA LOS TOROS I LOS TOROS II MAGUEYAL I MAGUEYAL II LAS BARIAS SubTotal Non-Reservoir Total HYDRO GRAND TOTAL
FUEL Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water
TECHNOLOGY Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine
CAPACITY [MW] 18.40 1.60 1.60 0.60 0.60 8.00 8.40 0.70 0.30 0.30 2.00 2.00 0.90 0.30 0.10 12.80 7.50 6.30 4.90 4.90 1.50 1.50 0.90 86.1 583.20 3,226.1
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AES Dominicana
Transmission
The Electrical Transmission Company of the Dominican Republic (ETED) is a state-owned company with the primary objective of building, operating and sustainably managing the grids and substations of the electric interconnected system of the Dominican Republic, in order to provide quality service at reasonable prices. The electrical infrastructure consists of a total length of 4723.95 km of lines at 345, 138 and 69 KV, where the 345 KV network, which links the North Zone with the area of Santo Domingo, is the most economically important and functional one. It has a length of 129.9 km at a maximum transmission power of 1200 MVA per circuit. In addition, the National Transmission System consists of approximately 2660.93 km of transmission lines at 138 kV and can be referred to as the Sub-backbone network; also 1933.13 km of 69 kV lines. It operates and maintains approximately 85 substations, owned and shared. Because of its radial configuration, the National Electric Interconnected System is divided into four zones: Santo Domingo Zone, South Zone, North Zone and East Zone. The most important substations of these zones are: Palamara and Hainamosa in the Santo Domingo Zone, Pizarrete in the Southern Zone, Bonao II and Canabacoa in the Northern Zone and San Pedro II in the Eastern Zone.
Energy Balance
In the following table we can observe the monthly energy balance during 2012. This includes the net injections of the generation companies as well as the distribution companies and non-regulated users withdrawals; the last two have been grouped independently from the generation companies with which they have a power supply contractual arrangement.
Electricity Distribution
Three distribution companies manage the electricity distribution of the national interconnected grid: EDESUR Dominicana, S. A. EDENORTE Dominicana, S. A. Empresa Distribuidora de Electricidad del Este, S. A. These companies obtain their energy from the electric system through high voltage bus bars, which are later transformed to minor tensions and then conducted through each companys grids within their zones of concession until these reach their final users. The distribution company lines within the national grid contain a mechanism of automatic load shedding, implemented in various distribution company substations through low frequency and low voltage relays, which serve to disconnect the electrical load automatically through different phases. This mechanism is reviewed and updated periodically by the Organismo Coordinador, the independent market operator.
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SEABOARD CEPP MONTE RIO PVDC METALDOM LAESA LOS ORGENES GENERATION EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE FALCONDO UNR's DEMAND PERDIDAS PERDIDAS %
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AES Dominicana
Capacity Balance
The companies that resulted with the largest participation in the firm capacity market were HIDRO with 19.4% AES Andres with 14.0% ITABO S.A. with 12.1% HAINA with 10.0%. The remaining companies had figures that individually represented less than 10%. As can be observed below, AES Dominicana had a participation of 30.0% in the firm capacity market.
Maximum Demand
The systems maximum demand is the highest power consumed by distribution companies. Generally, this happens during system peak hours. Maximum demand is data used in capacity recalculation since a preliminary estimated maximum demand is used prior to computing these figures. The system remunerates only the maximum capacity effectively recorded as demanded during the year. The following table shows 2012s monthly power production and power consumptions during system peak hours.
In 2012, the total injection of electrical energy in the system was 13,329 GWh. The companies who supplied the most were AES Andres with 15.7%, HIDRO with 13.3%, ITABO S.A. with 12.1%, DPP with 10.1%, HAINA with 9.7% and SEABOARD with 9.0%. AES Dominicana contributed 37.8% of the energy in the Electricity Wholesale Market, reaching the highest market share in the generation sector.
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AES Dominicana
In 2012, 35.4% of the supplied energy was produced with Fuel Oil 6, holding the most participation in the fuel market; natural gas came in second with 31.2%, followed by coal coming in third with 14.6%.
31.2%
25 20
US$/MMBtu US$/MMBTU
14.6% 4.8%
FUEL 66 FUELOIL OIL VIENTO WIND AGUA WATER
Fuel Oil 6 and Fuel Oil 2 maintained the highest prices. The table below presents the value of fuel prices in the international market expressed in US$/MMBtu.
ABR APR
MAY MAY
JUN JUN
JUL JUL
AGO AUG
SEP SEP
OCT OCT
NOV NOV
DIC DEC
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AES Dominicana
The short-term marginal cost is the variable cost necessary to produce an additional unit of energy considering the demand and generation park available. The next graph presents 2012s maximum and average monthly spot price.
DIC DEC 3.50 80.06 3.44 3.44 14.87 93.65 21.04 2.95
FEB
3.94 90.19 2.53 2.53 17.32 109.09 22.58
MAY
3.49 79.91 2.49 2.49 15.67 98.73 20.99
NOV
3.43 78.40 3.68 3.68 14.75 92.93 21.07
3.02
3.16
3.20
3.15
2.94
2.62
2.76
3.03
3.13
3.10
2.95
300
US$/MMWH
250 200 150 100 50 0 ENE FEB FEB MAR MAR APR ABR MAY MAY JUN JUN JUL JUL AUG AGOSEP SEP OCT OCT NOV NOV DEC DIC JAN
95.84 NATURAL GAS US$/MMBtu US$/MMBtu GAS NATURAL 2.71 FUEL OIL OIL 6 6 US$/BBLS US$/BBLS FUEL 102.89 FUEL OIL OIL 2 2 US$/GAL US$/GAL FUEL 3.02
US$/MWh
The following table demonstrates 2012s monthly average energy spot prices.
These price comparisons must be in American dollars since energys marginal cost is determined by the production costs of power generation companies, whose fuel prices are acquired in the international market, which are in American dollars. Attached are the exchange rates in dollars that were used for this report.
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AES Dominicana
60 50 40 30 20
12
US$/kW-month
10 8 6 4 2 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
The next table indicates the monthly unitary marginal cost of capacity and connection right.
May
Jun
HIDRO METALDOM
Jul
SAN FELIPE MONTERIO
Aug
Sep
FALCON 5% Demanda
Oct
HAINA
Nov
Dec
AES ANDRES
GPLV
3% Demanda
8.15 3.90
AES Dominicana, with the participation of AES Andres and DPP, was the company that contributed the most in the primary regulation of frequency, with as much as 27% and 55%, bringing a total of 82% of the reserve margins in 2012, maintaining the quality and reliability of the market.
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AES Dominicana
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
The Superintendencia de Electricidad is the agency responsible for assessing whether a company qualifies as a Non-Regulated User. As of 2012, this institution had issued 164 licenses to enable the NRU status. However, currently only 71 are using their licenses in the wholesale electricity market. Below is the monthly amount of energy that was supplied by each agent to its NRUs during 2012. The table above shows that the NRU average monthly withdrawal in the wholesale electricity market was 124.50 GWh, which represented 11.4% of the SENI average monthly withdrawal in 2012. In addition, during 2012 the NRU total withdrawal was 1,494.04 GWh of energy, from which AES Dominicana provided 838 GWh, which represented a monthly average of 70 GWh and 56% market share for all of 2012. Only in December did AES Dominicanas participation in the NRU market reach 59%.
AES ANDRES
HIDRO
DPP
CDEEE
5 % Demanda
3 % Demanda
In the secondary regulation of frequency, AES Andres and DPP contributed approximately 52% and 26%, bringing a total of 78% of the reserve margins during 2012. The hydroelectric companies and CDEEE contributed 7% each in the market, the latter through its IPP contracts. Non-Regulated Users Market
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AES Dominicana
Contract Market
The following graph shows the NRU market share evolution by agents in 2012. Energy Contracts, also known as PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements), are bilateral agreements for the buying and selling of electricity, capacity and other complementary services, made liberally between two parts, one who generates electricity with the purpose to sell (seller) and the other with the need to buy the electricity (buyer).
Feb
154.5 98.2 120.7 145.1 3.3 92.8 56.0 154.5 22.3 72.8 765.8 11.3 0.6 15.5 920.3
Mar
166.0 104.3 129.3 158.2 3.6 101.6 26.0 164.9 24.2 88.4 800.3 12.1 0.7 19.5 966.3
Apr
160.8 109.0 130.7 159.7 3.0 158.1 65.0 167.4 24.4 84.6 901.9 11.3 0.7 19.3 1,062.7
May
165.0 124.3 150.4 188.4 3.3 215.8 65.0 188.6 28.3 96.0 1,060.2 12.4 0.8 24.8 1,225.3
Jun
167.2 124.9 148.0 196.6 6.9 136.2 65.0 183.6 27.8 99.4 988.4 12.1 0.8 23.3 1,155.6
Jul
194.9 125.0 152.8 206.4 3.1 7.1 122.8 65.0 193.6 29.1 105.8 26.6 1,037.4 12.1 1.9 26.3 1,205.7
Aug
163.7 119.3 147.4 204.5 3.0 7.0 136.8 65.0 233.1 28.4 92.4 30.3 1,067.2 12.8 2.9 25.4 1,200.6
Sep
159.4 119.8 147.1 228.0 4.8 7.5 153.0 65.0 202.8 27.9 103.0 35.0 1,093.9 14.4 4.3 25.2 1,218.3
Oct
157.7 117.4 146.6 254.3 4.5 7.6 157.6 26.0 216.8 28.3 101.4 33.8 1,094.3 14.5 4.6 26.2 1,218.2
Nov
157.8 112.9 137.5 239.7 6.5 47.5 177.2 26.0 183.0 25.8 99.4 13.1 1,068.7 14.2 4.6 25.4 1,213.3
Dec
148.0 112.1 135.8 239.9 4.1 65.8 166.1 26.0 182.0 25.8 102.7 21.8 1,082.2 13.0 3.5 25.1 1,208.4
GWh
1,930.5 1,370.7 1,671.6 2,371.3 26.0 165.7 1,707.5 606.0 2,233.7 315.7 1,125.5 160.5 13,684.8 151.6 25.9 274.0 451.4
%
13.7% 9.7% 11.8% 16.8% 0.2% 1.2% 12.1% 4.3% 15.8% 2.2% 8.0% 1.1% 96.8% 1.1% 0.2% 1.9% 3.2%
135.5 103.5 125.3 150.6 3.1 89.4 56.0 163.4 23.2 79.5 794.0 11.4 0.6 18.0 929.5
APR
MAY
EDESUR
JUN
JUL
AUG
EDEESTE
SEP
OCT
MERCADO SPOT
NOV
DEC
HIDRO
EDENORTE
This graph highlights the positioning of companies such as EDEESTE and AES Andres, the main participants in the market, followed by the hydroelectric company and EDESUR.
AES Dominicana, as a group, held the largest market share in the contractual energy market in 2012 with AES Andres (13.7%), DPP (9.7%) and ITABO S.A. (11.8%) supplying a total of 35.2% of all contracts registered. The market share of HAINA (16.8%), CDEEE (15.8%) and HIDRO (12.1%), can also be noted.
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AES Dominicana
GLOSSARY
B BAR: The point of the electrical system prepared to deliver and withdraw electricity. BTU: British Thermal Unit of measurement. It is a unit of heat in the English European System. Its equivalent in the International System (IS) is the Calorie. The prices of Natural Gas are usually expressed in US$/MMBtu. 1 BTU is equivalent to 252 Calories (Cal). C CONTRACTS MARKET: The market for transactions of sale and purchase of electricity based on freely negotiated contracts for supply. COMBINED CYCLE: a machine composed of two phases: one phase of gas and the other phase of steam. Typically the whole entity consists of a gas turbine, a heat recuperation boiler, a steam turbine, and one or several electrical generators. F FIRM POWER: The power that can be supplied by each generating unit during peak hours, with a high level of security/safety. FREQUENCY REGULATION: Actions necessary to maintain frequency within the permissible tolerances defined for the system. The OC establishes the regulation parameters, and the generator companies are responsible for providing service through their control centers. FUEL OIL: A petroleum derivative obtained as a residue after the distilling process. Being a fuel, which is heavier than those that can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, Fuel Oil is used as a fuel for electrical energy plants, boilers, and ovens. G GAS TURBINE: A machine composed of an air compressor, a turbine especially designed for this purpose, and an electrical generator. The turbine converts thermal energy from fuel, which is produced as a result of the expansion of hot gases from the explosion of the mixture of compressed air, fuel, and flame, into mechanical energy that is used by the electrical generator to produce electricity. H HYDRAULIC TURBINE: A machine that uses kinetic energy and power from water to produce a rotation movement which, transferred through an axis, directly moves a machine or generator that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. L LIQUID NATURAL GAS (LNG): Natural Gas processed to be transported in liquid form. It is the best alternative for transporting and storage because when transformed into liquid as atmospheric pressure and 163 C , the liquefaction process reduces the volume of gas by 600 times. M MARGINAL CENTRAL UNIT: This refers to the generating unit or units, which at optimum load dispatch increase their generation when the demand is marginally increased. MARGINAL SHORT-TERM COST: The variable costs necessary to produce one additional unit of energy, considering the demand and the generation infrastructure available. MAXIMUM ANNUAL DEMAND: The maximum gross half our demand, during a calendar year, of the total of the generator units of the system, occurring within the systems peak hours.
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NATURAL GAS (NG): A mixture of gases that is frequently found in fossil beds, alone or accompanied by oil. It is composed mainly of methane in quantities greater than 90 to 95%, and in addition, usually contains other gases such as nitrogen, ethane, CO2, and traces of butane or propane, as well as small proportions of inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. NON REGULATED USER (UNR): A user of the electrical service whose monthly demand exceeds the limits established by the Superintendency in order to be classified as a public user, and who fulfills the requirements established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law.
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OWN CONSUMPTION: The energy consumed by the auxiliary systems of a central unit or Substation. PEAK POWER: Maximum power on the annual load curve. PRIMARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (PFR): Power that a generator unit can vary by automatic action of its system in the face of changes in the systems frequency.
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RIGHT OF CONNECTION: The difference between the total annual cost of the transmission system and the right of use estimated for the year. The procedure to determine the right of use is established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law. SECONDARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (SFR): Power which a generator unit can vary, or modify, by automatic or manual action of its system of regulation in a sustained manner. SPOT MARKET: The market for transactions of short-term sale and purchase of electricity not based on term contracts where economic transactions are performed at Marginal Short Term Energy Cost and at Marginal Power Cost. STEAM TURBINE: A machine that transforms thermal energy from fuel into mechanical energy. Through a process of generation of steam produced in a boiler, which creates conditions of high temperature and pressure. The kinetic energy of the steam is used by the turbine to mechanically generate electricity.
VARIABLE PRODUCTION COST OF A THERMAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE: This corresponds to the cost of fuel placed in the plants, and used in the production of electrical energy, multiplied by the average specific consumption of the machine plus the variable non-fuel cost.
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AES Dominicana
January 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 168.8 175.1 177.1 181.7 185.2 190.7 198.3 202.4 211.1 211.1 216.7 220.2 226.7
February 169.8 175.8 177.8 183.1 186.2 191.8 198.7 203.5 211.7 212.2 216.7 221.3 227.7
March 171.2 176.2 178.8 184.2 187.4 193.3 199.8 205.4 213.5 212.7 217.6 223.5 229.4
April 171.3 176.9 179.8 183.8 188.0 194.6 201.5 206.7 214.8 213.2 218.0 224.9 230.1
May 171.5 177.7 179.8 183.5 189.1 194.4 202.5 207.9 216.6 213.9 218.2 226.0 229.8
June 172.4 178.0 179.9 183.7 189.7 194.5 202.9 208.4 218.8 215.7 218.0 225.7 229.5
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AES Dominicana
Mass Units
Kg Kilo Ton Large Ton Short Ton Pound Kg T TL TC Lb 1 1000 1016 907 Ton. 0.001 1 1.016 0.907 Large Ton 0.000984 0.984207 1 0.892857 0.000446429 Short Ton 0.001102 1.10231 1.12 1 0.0005 Pound 2.2046 2204.62 2240 2000 1
0.4535 0.0004535
Density Units
Kg / m3 Kilogram per Cubic Meter Pound per Cubic Feet Pound per UK Gallon Pound per US Gallon Kg / Lb / m3 1 16.0185 99.7764 119.826 Pie3 Lb / Feet3 0.062428 1 6.22884 7.48047 Lb / Gl (UK) 0.010022 0.160544 1 1.20094 Lb / Gl (US) 0.008345 0.133681 0.83268 1
Lb / Gl (UK) Lb / Gl (US)
Volume Units
cm3 Cubic Centimeters Cubic Meters Cubic Feet Cubic Inch UK Gallon US Gallon cm3 M3 Pie3 Pulgada3 Gal (UK) Gal (US) BBL Litro (Lt) 1 1000000 28320.589 16.387 4546.09 3785.41 158984 1000.028 M3 0.000001 1 0.028317 0.004546 0.003785 0.158988 0.001 Feet3 0.0000353 35.3147 1 0.160544 0.133681 5.6146 0.03531 Inch3 0.06102 61000 1727.556 1 277.42 231 9698.024 61.0255 Gal (UK) 0.00021997 219.969 6.2288 0.00360465 1 0.83268 34.9726 0.219976 Gal (USA) 0.00026417 264.17 7.4805 0.00432898 1.20094 1 42 0.264178 BBL 6.2899E-06 6.28976 0.178107 0.028594 0.02381 1 1 Liter (Lt) 0.006102 1000.028 28.321 4.54596 3.78533 158.984 0.0063
Energy Units
J Joule Calores British Thermal Unit KiloWatt Hour J Cal Btu KVh 1 4.1869 1055.06 3600000 Cal 0.2388 1 252 8598000 Btu 0.009478 0.0039683 1 3412.14 KVh 2.77E-07 1.163E-06 0.0002931 1
0.00001639 0.00057863
0.0001031 0.0163866
Barrel Liter
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AES DOMINICANA Administrative Offices: Av. Winston Churchill 1099, Piantini Citi Group - Acrpolis Tower, 23th floor CP 10148 Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Telephone: (809) 955-2223 Fax: (809) 955-8413 Webpage: www.aesdominicana.com.do