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Abstract
A set of some approximate functions derived for the fast computation of the thermodynamic properties of heavy
water at saturation, in subcooled liquid and superheated vapor states is presented. To derive these functions, the data
given in the steam tables by Hill et al. AECL 7531 (1981) were accurately and successfully fitted with curves by using
the least-squares method. Specific volume (or density), specific enthalpy, specific entropy, constant-pressure specific
heat and temperature at saturation were approximated by a number of piecewise continuous functions of pressure
whereas pressure at saturation was approximated by a piecewise continuous function of temperature for heavy water.
Density in subcooled liquid state, specific volume in superheated vapor state, specific enthalpy, specific entropy and
constant-pressure specific heat in both of these states were also approximated as piecewise continuous functions of
pressure and temperature for heavy water. The correlations presented in this study can be used in the two-phase
thermalhydraulic system analysis of CANDU-PHW reactor with confidence. 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.
1. Introduction
The fast, accurate and efficient generation of
the thermodynamic properties of heavy water at
saturation, in subcooled liquid and superheated
vapor states is of importance for the design, engineering applications and LOCA analysis with the
two-phase flow models of nuclear reactors that
are cooled and/or moderated by heavy water. The
thermodynamic properties used in these analyses
are generally calculated by proper interpolation
methods (linear, hermitian, etc.) applied to the
thermodynamic tables which are stored in computer memory. These interpolation methods re* Fax:
+ 90
212
2853884;
mayaz@cekirdek.nukleer.itu.edu.tr
e-mail:
dur-
310
2. Approximation method
The data given in the steam tables by Hill et al.
(1981) for the thermodynamic properties of heavy
water at saturation, in subcooled liquid and superheated vapor states were accurately and successfully fitted with curves by using the
311
a1
1.53382105
8.04535107
1.25556106
0.0
0.0
7.77743108
4.66827108
2.723107
7.60621106
9.60015108
1.63387107
a0
9.094724
9.02885104
9.0233104
8.93311104
9.10067104
9.54471104
9.8243104
1.5385104
0.03405359
1.76534103
1.9094195103
1.73177105
6.88692108
3.83732108
0.0
0.0
1.797581011
3.423241012
1.731011
6.63771010
1.139371011
1.699351011
a2
9.73029106
8.91942109
9.855861010
0.0
0.0
3.864141015
3.263241016
4.3541016
2.575631014
1.079811014
1.802081013
a3
Table 1
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (7) for 6f for different ranges of use
2.81207106
2.59831010
1.465531011
0.0
0.0
4.558421019
1.524251020
0.0
3.780831019
6.048771018
1.731471016
a4
3.28914107
3.917031012
9.182391014
0.0
0.0
2.257461023
3.49641025
0.0
0.0
2.604171021
8.463541020
a5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18990
20190
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.28531106
3.33776106
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4086
0.5023
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.66015PsatB2.0
2.05PsatB10.0
10.05Psat546.0
46.0BPsat5450
450BPsatB1500
15005Psat54500
4500BPsat515 000
15 000BPsat516 900
16 900BPsatB19 000
19 0005Psat520 200
20 200BPsat521 400
312
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
a1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.76793109
0.0185614
0.0336707
a0
3.2994105
1.15324104
4.8516104
8.73104
0.0196598
0.0819914
0.29913
0.802615
1.92642
4.081
7.1843
12.35935
19.77916
30.2155
43.4059
6.22103
155.798
198.348
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.91761107
2.01152106
8.96932106
a2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.776441011
1.034211010
4.48501108
a3
Table 2
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (8) for rg for different ranges of use
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.956231015
1.952291013
4.4461011
a4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.907531019
0.0
1.746571014
a5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18190
19990
8.5578103
8.62546103
8.76874103
8.67814103
8.04154103
6.98252103
5.21521103
3.38581103
1.69952103
6.256104
1.846104
3.02275105
2.55289106
7.40474108
5.847471010
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9459
0.9416
0.9365
0.9382
0.9498
0.9691
1.0057
1.05632
1.1333
1.2407
1.3687
1.5549
1.8059
2.1623
2.647
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.66015Psat52.0
2.0BPsat57.5
7.5BPsat550.0
50.0BPsatB250
2505Psat5500
500BPsat51000
1000BPsatB1950
19505Psat53000
3000BPsatB4800
48005PsatB6500
65005Psat58300
8300BPsatB10 400
10 4005PsatB12 400
12 4005PsatB14 400
14 4005Psat515 900
15 900BPsatB18 200
18 2005Psat520 000
20 000BPsat521 200
314
Error= 100
Fapp Fref
(%)
Fref
(1)
315
Table 3
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (9) for hf for different ranges of use
a0
a1
a2
463.1372
449.6439
405.974
346.8479
277.93
184.2785
74.8603
72.2187
353.2485
721.6373
1148.3684
1506.2541
4886805.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.0067
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.01378104
487.7368
474.3497
431.97675
377.364
318.12035
246.077
175.094
102.404
27.1928
1.6316
4.834104
1.4921017
0.0
0.1246
0.1277
0.1375
0.15091
0.167315
0.1914
0.2228
0.2717
0.3908
0.6464
1.4148
4.46569
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
580415.0
0.6601BPsatB2.4
2.45Psat56.5
6.5BPsatB24
245Psat560
60BPsat5150
150BPsat5400
400BPsat5900
900BPsat53000
3000BPsatB8500
85005Psat513 700
13 700BPsatB18 600
18 6005Psat520 200
20 200BPsat521 400
F(P, T)=Ff(T) +
(F
[P Psat(T)].
(P T
(2)
(F
[P Psat(T)].
(P T
(F
F Ff
=
.
(P T P Psat
(3)
(4)
(F
[T Tsat(P)].
(T P
(5)
(F
F Fg
=
.
(T P T Tsat
(6)
a1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0293
0.0241
0.0233204
0.0143079
0.020007
0.245479
2.76788
0.0724976
a0
2166.0
2211.1156
2029.392
11597.974
2284.995
2307.791865
2329.0
2582.39565
2689.69
3908.3009
19881.2041
2207.595
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.36969106
8.74089107
1.48097105
1.4764104
4.49645105
a2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.960821010
4.778311011
3.35531010
2.66812109
4.9761108
a3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.555841015
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.387061011
a4
Table 4
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (10) for hg for different ranges of use
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20390
168.6551
131.9671
299.5196
13890.0
80.2932
73.273
63.2566
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.05
1.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1374
0.1562
0.0893
0.002951
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6601BPsat510
10BPsatB50
505Psat5160
160BPsatB500
5005PsatB1000
10005PsatB3000
30005PsatB5000
50005Psat510 500
10 500BPsatB16 000
16 0005Psat518 800
18 800BPsat520 400
20 400BPsat521 467
316
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
a2
0.718547
0.183748
1.611104
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.71232108
8.851351010
4.18851107
5.21091108
7.86877107
a1
0.867439
0.0198273
2.347103
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2136104
8.10572105
4.88947103
1.24443104
1.42054105
a0
0.352894
0.019878
2.572039
13.403754
20.13329
1.04667
0.40432
0.36142
2.034696
2.452254
24.639787
3.93349
3.94149
0.398931
0.105636
7.631106
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.676371013
1.787061013
1.581621011
3.784671011
1.56323109
a3
0.122985
0.0252125
1.548107
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.795861017
5.240111018
2.249021016
1.432261014
1.254361012
a4
Table 5
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (11) for sf for different ranges of use
0.0159342
2.26244103
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
a5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20900.0
20900.0
0.0
0.0
2.6621
0.4871
0.1275
1.2869
0.8106
0.3763
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
c1
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.8068
20.2062
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
c2
0.0
0.0
0.0815
0.1666
0.2645
0.128
0.1615
0.2199
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
e1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
e2
0.66015PsatB1.8
1.85Psat53.0
3.0BPsat515
15BPsat585
85BPsatB330
3305Psat5930
930BPsat52500
2500BPsatB5700
57005Psat512 000
12 000BPsat517 200
17 200BPsat520 000
20 000BPsat521 000
21 000BPsat521 600
a2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.17719108
1.48637108
4.94672109
5.56298107
4.86448107
0.0
a1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.79694104
1.72966104
2.58372105
6.48023103
9.42612103
1.60727104
a0
0.748064
729.4911
67885.03
29.353619
40.143519
6.40218
6.15393
5.73538
23.08881
66.147123
4.54961
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.077271011
8.605681013
3.520741013
2.114541011
8.449071012
0.0
a3
Table 6
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (12) for sg for different ranges of use
b
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20550.0
a4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.824961016
1.953781017
8.936491018
3.034271016
0.0
5.840471014
10.9702
1403.5879
75148.6
42.2528
56.3724
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
c1
1.9693
6.291
7255.51
5.24151
9.11279
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
c2
0.0
672.0916
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
c3
0.048
0.0046
0.0001
0.015
0.015
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
e1
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
e2
0.0
0.01
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
e3
0.66015Psat530.0
30.0BPsat5300
300BPsat5700
700BPsatB1200
12005Psat52000
2000BPsatB5000
50005PsatB11 000
11 0005Psat517 400
17 400BPsatB20 000
20 0005Psat521 000
21 000BPsat521 467
318
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
319
Table 7
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (13) for cp,f for different ranges of use
a0
a1
245.38258
4.2201
4.1458
4.1019
a2
a3
a4
a5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.186103
8.025106 2.487108
2.9971011
2.335106
1.645107 6.6941011
0.0
1.46104 8.873109
2.081012 1.5521016
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2181021
249.6704
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.12110
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.05Psat530.0
30.0BPsatB300
3005Psat51000
1000BPsat510 000
(13)
i=0
(7)
i=0
(8)
i=0
hf = % ai P
i
sat
+cP
e
sat
+f ln(Psat).
(9)
i=0
(10)
i=0
i=0
j=1
j
sf = % ai (Psat b)i + % cj P esat
.
(11)
i=0
j=1
j
sg = % ai (Psat b)i + % cj P esat
.
(12)
cp,g = % ai P isat.
(14)
i=0
(15)
Tsat a
c
1/e
(16)
320
Table 8
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (14) for cp,g for different ranges of use
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
1.7349
1.777275
1.8534
1.9209
4.288103
1.7103
6.987104
5.066104
6.287105
6.128106
2.457107
3.985108
4.403107
1.832108
1.1011010
6.8371012
0.0
2.8211011
2.4771014
4.9751016
0.0
1.6881014
2.1631018
1.8641020
10.05Psat560.0
60.0BPsat5400
400BPsat51000
1000BPsat510 000
Table 9
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (15) for Tsat for different ranges of use
Table 10
Coefficients and exponents used in Eq. (16) for Psat for different ranges of use
The correlations given below are the approximations to the thermodynamic properties of
heavy water in subcooled liquid state when used
in conjunction with Eq. (16) for Psat. The coefficients a, b and c seen in Eqs. (17a), (18a), (19a),
(20) and (20a) for different thermodynamic properties in subcooled liquid state are given in Tables
1215 for different ranges of use.
112.77175
109.6602
99.56149
87.6554
73.9183
60.649
45.0052
30.1035
22.8884
9.39078
0.70657
12.5021
35.812
95.7685
420.0882
122.399
119.285
109.249
97.6839
84.9989
73.64
61.5568
51.5347
47.1923
40.0043
35.4213
40.4957
49.7625
76.4539
276.9554
0.1174
0.1204
0.1303
0.1424
0.1567
0.1708
0.1877
0.2037
0.2114
0.2254
0.2353
0.2253
0.2105
0.1812
0.1051
0.66015PsatB1.1
1.15PsatB2.4
2.45Psat56.5
6.5BPsatB23.0
23.05PsatB60.0
60.05Psat5150
150BPsat5400
400BPsat5900
900BPsatB1400
14005PsatB3000
30005Psat58500
8500BPsat511 100
11 100BPsatB13 700
13 7005Psat516 500
16 500BPsat521 660
112.77175
107.3874*
99.5614*
87.6554
73.9183
60.649
45.0052
30.1035
22.8884
9.39078
0.70657
12.5021
35.812
95.7685
420.0875*
122.399
117.01548*
109.249
97.6839
84.9989
73.64
61.5568
51.5347
47.1923
40.0043
35.4213
40.4957
49.7625
76.4539
276.9554
0.1174
0.1226*
0.1303
0.1424
0.1567
0.1708
0.1877
0.2037
0.2114
0.2254
0.2353
0.2253
0.2105
0.1812
0.1051
3.85TsatB11.0
11.05TsatB22.89
22.895Tsat539.86
39.86BTsatB65.01
65.015TsatB87.54
87.545Tsat5112.65
112.65BTsat5144.53
144.53BTsat5175.90
175.90BTsatB195.37
195.375TsatB233.75
233.755Tsat5298.46
298.46BTsat5317.73
317.73BTsatB333.74
333.745Tsat5348.46
348.46BTsat5370.74
321
Table 11
Comparison of the approximation functions for the fast computation of the thermodynamic properties of heavy water at saturation
presented by this paper to those of light water at saturation derived by Garland and Hoskins (1988)
Property
Maximum error,
(%)
uf
ug
cp,f
0.66015Psat520 400
20 400BPsat521 400
0.66015Psat520 000
20 000BPsat521 200
0.95Psat521 400
0.6601BPsat520 600
20 600BPsat521 467
0.66015PsatB3.0
3.05Psat521 600
0.66015Psat520 400
20 400BPsat521 467
1.05Psat521 400
0.66015Psat520 800
10.05Psat510 000
0.008
0.013
0.014
0.056
0.030
0.004
0.016
0.066
0.009
0.002
0.012
0.029
0.005
0.009
cp,g
10.05Psat510 000
0.018
Tsat
0.66015PsatB23.0
23.05Psat521 660
3.85Tsat5370.74
0.048
0.006
0.032
6f
rg
hf
hg
sf
sg
Psat
75 21 500
0.140
85 21 500
0.220
75 21 700
75 21 550
0.100
0.066
65 21 250
0.120
25 21 500
0.100
75 21 500
85 21 500
30 13 300
13 300 20 300
50 16 000
16 000 20400
70 21 850
0.080
0.110
0.080
0.600
0.120
0.600
0.020
The maximum error in the ideal range of use is typed bold face for each property.
where
R(T)= 1.32696 10 3
(17)
where
7
0.17
% ai T i.
R(T)=
375 T i = 0
4.2. Specific enthalpy, liquid phase
(18a)
% ai (bT)
(18)
i=1
(17a)
In determination of subcooled liquid temperature by using Eq. (18), Eq. (18a) and Newton
Raphson algorithm, the maximum error is below
0.29% in the temperature range of 20C to Tsat
and the pressure range of 221 000 kPa.
a1
4.413106
1.00123104
2.289911016
a0
1.18104
8.95929103
0.0
2.881108
4.29271108
1.085271014
a2
6.8271011
4.81305109
1.430891012
a3
Table 12
Coefficients used in Eq. (17a) for r(P, T) in liquid phase at different ranges of use
1.0081013
2.443181011
1.180291010
a4
5.2931016
4.742561014
1.111621012
a5
0.0
3.056721017
3.49111015
a6
0.0
0.0
3.657231018
a7
3.85T5205
205BT5320
320BT5355.21
Range of use T
(C) [for 0.85P5
18000 kPa]
322
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
323
Table 13
Coefficients used in Eq. (18a) for h(P, T) in liquid phase for different ranges of use
a1
a2
a3
a4
0.815094
1.0
5.69834103
0.0
3.61545105
0.0
6.20387108
0.0
368.0
369.0
2.05P519 000
19 000BP521 000
and the pressure range of 3 19 200 kPa and below 0.147% for the temperature range of 20C to
Tsat and the pressure range of 2 21 200 kPa.
s(P, T)=sf(Psat(T)) +R(T)[P Psat(T)]
(19)
where
5
R(T)= % ai (b T)i.
(19a)
i= 1
where
R(T)= c2
489.3951
.
(378.05 T)3.832
(20a)
Table 15
Coefficients used in Eqs. (20) and (20a) for cp (P, T) in liquid phase for
different ranges of use
c1
c2
0.0189
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.02244
2.8514106
4.59106
2.8514106
3.385106
4.028106
1.51106
(21)
a1
1.773108
0.0
0.0
a0
1.702107
3.454107
5.179107
a1
0.0
2.967104
3.113104
2.0081010
0.0
0.0
a2
1.7591012
0.0
0.0
a3
Table 14
Coefficients used in Eq. (19a) for s(P, T) in liquid phase for different ranges of use
8.2391015
0.0
0.0
a4
1.6451017
0.0
0.0
a5
0.0
369.75
370.086
3.85T5150
150BTB300
3005T5368
324
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
325
Table 16
Coefficients used in Eq. (21a) for 6(P, T) in gas phase for different ranges of use
a
0.416955
0.419864
0.425415
0.408275
0.0311582
0.01165
0.0138294
64.1458
4.00512105
7.93992106
1.47732105
0.532726
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0205
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.803876
1.83613
1.32549
0.0
0.85P5120
120BP5750
750BP54000
4000BP518 200
b
c P 0.1[f +(1 f )[d(T+8)4 P 2]0.5]+ g
a
T + 100
R(P, T)= +
.
P
[d(T + 8)4 P 2]0.5
(21a)
(22)
where
R(P, T)= a0 +
a1
+ a2 exp[a3(T a4)] +
T
bP
3
% ci P + d1P T+ d2PT+d3PT + % fj T
2
i=0
j=1
i=0
j=1
(22a)
0.5
In determination of superheated vapor temperature by using Eq. (22), Eq. (22a) and Regula
Falsi algorithm, the maximum error is below
0.31% in the temperature range of Tsat to 450C
and the pressure range of 1.6 19 600 kPa.
(24)
where
fP 1.2
3
l=1
0.5
(23a)
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
b
c0
c1
c2
c3
d1
d2
d3
f1
f2
f3
65BP5300
10.3473
4.20364
8.57778
0.00005
160.0
0.621974
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.0
0.0
16BP565
10.0676
0.461977
8.3033
0.00005
160.0
0.653461
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.0
0.85P516
9.78095
0.59222
8.02899
0.00005
160.0
0.0852264
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
8.77936
14.5654
6.90745
0.00005
160.0
1.0
5.48124106
48949.9
95.7573
0.0
0.395542
36.8654
0.955119
42360.6
157.418
0.834372
300BP5550
8.77936
14.5654
6.90745
0.00005
160.0
1.0
2.02606106
5455.09
4.5871
0.0
0.0152999
2.29869
0.0470903
48355.5
213.866
0.16749
550BP51000
8.77936
14.5654
6.90745
0.00005
160.0
1.0
4.86949106
153.166
0.721999
2.71243104
1.43851103
14.4208
0.0360021
50111.9
236.837
0.0411938
1000BP52800
Table 17
Coefficients used in Eq. (22a) for h(P, T) in gas phase for different ranges of use
2.99797
668.025
4.06839
0.008
162.0
1.0
4601.63
38766.8
2.72334
0.0
7.302213
100.625
1.67785103
638797.0
2329.48
2.28804
2800BP54000
2.99797
668.025
4.06839
0.008
162.0
1.0
2325.52
21539.8
1.57605
0.0
4.42643103
42.7481
0.0353695
388376.0
1251.28
1.15848
4000BP56000
2.99797
668.025
4.06839
0.008
162.0
1.0
1033.21
10603.3
0.71885
0.0
2.04974103
11.8956
0.0369474
221822.0
590.03
0.600349
6000BP510 000
12.0484
6388.74
36.6958
0.008
162.0
1.0
1.83077108
26599.8
0.516917
2.33741106
1.65955103
89.4346
0.0477829
2.3587106
7500.61
7.08239
10 000BP515 000
12.0484
6388.74
36.6958
0.008
162.0
1.0
9.25914107
36195.5
1.19313
1.36951106
2.81054103
76.7847
0.0180701
772825.0
3414.02
2.87336
15 000BP519 600
326
A. Durmayaz / Nuclear Engineering and Design 178 (1997) 309329
327
Table 18
Coefficients used in Eq. (23a) for s(P, T) in gas phase for different ranges of use
Range of use P (kPa) [for Tsat5T5450C]
a0
a1
a2
a3
b1
b2
b3
c1
c2
c3
d
f
g0
g1
g2
g3
h1
h2
h3
m1
m2
m3
m4
0.85PB22.0
225P5140
140BP51000
1000BPB11 000
6.16662103
5.03219105
3.05565106
6.23545108
9.368681010
1.38783108
2.371521011
9.55276106
1.58514108
1.236851011
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9217103
1.48048106
3.19711108
9.571861011
1.138051012
1.31701108
1.829971011
9.85418106
1.79269108
1.470791011
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.03405103
4.81826103
1.74264106
0.0
6.898931010
0.0
2.993611013
0.0
7.33441014
0.0
9.67509109
0.0
1.122571011
0.0
1.28919105 2.87624106
2.80426108
0.0
2.489581011
0.0
0.0
1.00104106
0.0
8.52194107
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0106
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.01011
11 0005P518 000
18 000BP519 600
4.81826103
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.87624106
0.0
0.0
1.00104104
8.52194107
8.34545107
3.60396103
2.0114106
1.955651010
1.70265108
2.44047104
3.82669108
1.34104
9.71333103
2.51487105
0.0
4.81826103
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.87624106
0.0
0.0
1.00104104
8.52194107
4.28135106
0.0207351
1.07037106
1.632991010
1.67564108
3.03573104
6.49484108
5.89338104
9.88442103
2.59554105
0.0
i=0
where p =P/1000.
j=1
(24a)
6. Conclusions
A set of correlations has been presented in this
paper in order to make possible the fast computation of the thermodynamic properties of heavy
water at saturation, in subcooled liquid and superheated vapor states. These correlations are accurate enough and can be used with confidence in
the two-phase thermalhydraulic system analysis of
CANDU-PHW reactor.
A computer program, called D2O, was also
coded by using these correlations in FORTRAN
328
Table 19
Coefficients used in Eq. (24a) for cp (P, T) in gas phase for
different ranges of use
u
6
Greek letters
r
density
Subscripts
f
g
sat
10.05P56000
a
b
c
d0
d1
d2
d3
d4
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
g1
g2
g3
g4
h
6.4488610
4.49835109
650.0
1.50168108
4.05154106
1.92734106
6.20089105
5.89434104
1.98528105
2.84327107
3.7646109
3.77898105
4.22794104
1.27748106
2.15835106
1.55305107
2.340511011
7.106641013
1.4441104
6000BP510 000
3
4.7243910
2.52944107
550.0
1.82782
4.39832
0.0115614
0.0134129
0.0
4.21103105
2.63761108
2.32163109
3.04821104
0.0298064
3.81522105
1.62507103
1.71995106
1.17518108
0.0
1.474104
Appendix A. Nomenclature
a, b, c, d, f, g, coefficients
h, m
cp
specific heat at constant pressure
e
exponent
Fapp
value of any thermodynamic
property calculated by using
the approximation functions
Fref
value of any thermodynamic
property seen in the reference
steam tables
h
specific enthalpy
P
pressure
s
specific entropy
T
temperature
Acronyms
AECL
ATHENA
CANDUPHW
CATHENA
CPU
LOCA
IAPS
References
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329