Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OUTLINE
Introduction Worldwide trend in change of codes Consideration of phase for design ground motion Discussion Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Population Economy
Development
URBANAIZATION
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION SCENARIO OF NEAPL
Population Distribution
Urban 17%
Rural 83%
INTRODUCTION
UN projects for 60% of world population will be in cities by 2030. We have now just 17% of our population are in urban areas. Hence we must have to step for big cities.
INTRODUCTION
EXPECTATION !!!!!!
INTRODUCTION
Brahmaputra River
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Can we make structures earthquake proof ???
No!!!!! We can make it safe against life of people to some limit but not for life of structure in all case.
What we consider
Damage Demand Death
TRENDS .
Japan
1923
Kanto earthquake (142,000 Fatalities) They start to consider seismic design as seismic coefficient 0.2
Kobe earthquake (5100 + death) Devastating structural damage Propose new independent seismic design code
1995
2011
Great East Japan earthquake Structures performance was considerably good but death toll high due to tsunami.
TRENDS .
USA
1971
San Fernando Earthquake They start to consider seismic design.
TRENDS .
NEW ZEALAND
1992
They prepare seismic design code for building.
1994
2010
TRENDS .
INDONESIA
1970
They have seismic design code for main islands. Seismic coefficient 0.1g for PADANG City
1987
Sumatra earthquake 2002 Changing in seismic design codes as 0.8g seismic coefficient.
Padang earthquake 2009 Changing in seismic design codes as 1.9g seismic coefficient.
TRENDS .
TRENDS .
acceleration (m/s2)
We can see .
-0.2 0 5 10 15
acceleration (m/s2) acceleration (m/s2)
acceleration (m/s2)
1 0.4
35
40
45
Time Series Plot:unnamed 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2
0.5 0.2 0
10 10
15 15
Kobe Earthquake
1
acceleration (m/s2)
35 35
40
45
10
15
40
45
1
35
40
45
0.4
0.5
0.2
0
0.5
-0.5
-0.2 -1
0
10
15
-0.5
10
15
20 25 Time (sec)
30
35
40
45
-0.4
20 25 Time (sec)
30
35
40
45
10
15
35
40
45
Discussion
Conclusion
Future work
To be continue.
We are starting to do some research in phase and its relations to site specific condition. Hence hope we will success to deliver better result in making design ground motion. Research in its early phase, these are preliminary way outs.