Road Fundamentals Course Guide

RoadFundamentals UsingInRoads
InRoadsV8i(SELECTseries2)withMicroStation PowerInRoadsV8i(SELECTseries2)
BentleyInstituteCourseGuide
TRN0147401/0006
ATourofInRoads
Inthischapter,wewilllearnabouttheInRoadsfamilyofproductsandnavigate theInRoadsExplorertogether.WewillalsolearnhowtosetupanInRoads project.
Dec2011 Copyright2011BentleySystems,Incorporated
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Objectives
Objectives
Inthislessonwewill...
LearnwhatyoucandowiththeInRoadsproducts. LearnhowtostartandexitInRoads. LearnhowtonavigateandusetheInRoadsinterface. LearntheInRoadsfiletypes. LearnhowtosetupanInRoadsproject.
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InRoadsProducts
InRoadsProducts
TheInRoadsfamilyofcivilsolutionsprovidescivilengineeringtoolsthatfacilitate workflow,andinterfaceswithbothMicroStationandAutoCAD.
InRoads
InRoadsprovidescivilengineeringtoolsforroadandcorridordesign.Examplesof theInRoadsdesignfunctionalityinclude:roadandsitemodelingcapabilities, alignmenttools,typicalsections,superelevation,andvolumecomputation. InRoadsincludesallofthefunctionalitydeliveredinInRoadsSite.
InRoadsSite
InRoadsSiteprovidessitedesigntools,digitalterrainmodeling,andcoordinate geometrytoolsneededtogeneratecontours,profiles,crosssections,andcut andfillvolumes.
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InRoadsProducts
InRoadsSurvey
InRoadsSurveyenablesyoutotransferdatafromelectronicfieldbooks(EFBs)to theMicroStationorAutoCADenvironment,withinteractivedataediting capabilities.Contourscanbedisplayed,surveysadjustedandresultsvisually verified.
InRoadsBridge
InRoadsBridgeprovidestoolstolayoutsimpleandcomplexbridgegeometry basedontheexistinggroundconditions.InRoadsBridgealsohasinteractivetools tocreateprecise3Dgeometricmodelsfromwhichdrawingsandreportscanbe created.
InRoadsStorm&Sanitary
InRoadsStorm&Sanitaryoffers3Dmodeling,designandanalysis,drawing production,anddatamanagementcapabilitiesforstormandsanitarydrainage networks.
BentleyRailTrack
BentleyRailTrackprovidesanindustryspecificsetofraildesign,maintenance, andmanufacturingtools.BentleyRailTrackalsoprovidestoolsforgeometry,site andtrackdesign,railmanufacturing,reporting,viewing,andannotation.Bentley RailTrackalsoincludesallthefunctionalitydeliveredinInRoads.
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InRoads:AnAssortmentofTools
InRoads:AnAssortmentofTools
ThinkofInRoadsasatoolboxcontaininganassortmentoftools.Eachtoolhasa specificuse.Whentheindividualtoolsarecombinedandusedinaspecificorder, itscalledaworkflow.Workflowsareusedtoaccomplishspecificprojectoriented tasks.AnexampleofaworkflowisCreatingaHorizontalAlignment.Workflows canbeusedonsimpleandcomplexprojects. Inthiscourse,wewilllearnaboutworkflowsthataccomplishcommontasks.We willalsolearnaboutthetoolsusedintheseworkflows.
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WhatCanyouAccomplishwithInRoads?
WhatCanyouAccomplishwithInRoads?
InRoadsprovidesthefunctionalitytoaccomplishavarietyofprojectsthat include: Roadandcorridordesign Roadwidening Roadresurfacing Landfilldesign Sitedesign Residentialandcommerciallanddevelopment Rightofwayandpropertylayout
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AdditionalInformation
AdditionalInformation
AllInRoadsproductshaveabuiltinHelpsystem.ClickHelpinanyInRoadsdialog boxtoaccessthehelpsystemfortheactivetool.Thehelpsystemisalsoavailable byselectingHelp>ContentsfromtheInRoadsmenu. TheBeCommunitieswebsiteisthedestinationfortheworldsinfrastructure communitymemberstoconnect,communicate,andlearnfromeachother.This professionalnetworkingisdonethroughavarietyofmeans,including: Forumsforexchangingideasanddiscussingawiderangeoftechnical subjects. WikiafreeformresourcewithintheBeCommunitiesforcreating andmaintainingreferencecontent. Blogsonlinejournalsforcommunitiesandindividualstopublish commentary,opinions,andideas. ResourceGalleriesaplacetoshareandexchangeimagesandfiles withcommunitymembers.
ToaccesstheBeCommunities,visitwww.bentley.com.
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StartingInRoads
StartingInRoads
LaunchInRoadsorPowerInroadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentleymenu choices. or DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsShortcutcreatedonyourdesktop. or 1 StartMicroStation. 2 SelectApplications>InRoadsGroup>ActivateInRoads.
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ExerciseStartInRoads
ExerciseStartInRoads
StartInRoadsorPowerInRoads 1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsicon orlaunchInRoads/PowerInRoadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentley menuchoices. TheFileOpendialogopens. OpenaCADFile 1 Setthedirectoryto C:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\ATourofInRoads\Practice\ 2 SelectthefileStartingInRoads.dgn,thenclickOpen.
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CADGraphics
CADGraphics
InRoadsusesCADfilestodisplayCADgraphics.TheCADfileusedbyInRoadsis referredtoastheWorkingfile.Thisfilecanbeascratchfileoritcanbeafinal plansheetfile.MostofthegraphicsdisplayedintheCADfilebyInRoadsare recognizedbyInRoadscommands.YoucaninteractwithInRoadsgraphicsusing theInRoadstools.
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TheInRoadsExplorer
TheInRoadsExplorer
InRoadsExplorer
TheInRoadsExplorerisdividedintofourmajorparts: MenuBarTheMenuBarcontainsmenusforallofthetoolsavailableforthe activeInRoadsmodules.SincetheInRoadssuiteiscomposedofdifferent modules,themenusdisplayedwillvarydependingonwhichproductand ApplicationAddinsareactive.MenusaresharedacrosstheInRoadsSuiteof Products. WorkspaceBarTheWorkspaceBaristhecontrolcenterforallInRoadsProject Data. FeedbackPaneTheFeedbackPanedisplaysdetailsaboutthedataselectedin theWorkspaceBar. StatusBarTheStatusBaristhelocationonthebottomleftcornerofthe InRoadsExplorer.ItdisplaysInRoadsmessages,datareadout,anderrors.Ifthe
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TheInRoadsExplorer
commandbeingusedrequiresthatsomethingbelocatedoridentifiedintheCAD file,additionalcommandpromptswilldisplayintheMicroStationStatusBar.
OtherInRoadsExplorerItems
ScrollBarsWhenresizingtheInRoadsExplorer,somedatamaynotbevisible eitherintheWorkspaceBarorFeedbackPane.ScrollBarsallowyoutoviewthis datawithoutresizingtheInRoadsExplorer. RightclickPopupMenusTheInRoadsExplorerenablesaccesstocommon functionsthroughpopupMenus.Thesemenusaredisplayedbyrightclicking. DialogBoxesWhenatoolisselectedusingatoolbutton,orfromtheInRoads menu,acommanddialogboxcommonlydisplayssothatmoreoptionsrelatedto thecommandcanbespecified. ToolbarsInRoadscontainsbuiltintoolbarsthatcanbedockedintheInRoads Explorer.Youcanalsocreatecustomtoolbars. Show/HideExplorerTheentireInRoadsexplorercanbehiddenfromviewby rightclickingintheMicroStationviewwindowandselectingExplorerShow/Hide. SelectthiscommandagaintoshowtheExplorer.IftheInRoadsExplorerishidden, InRoadscommandscanbeaccessedthroughtheMicroStationTasks.
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ExploretheInterface
ExploretheInterface
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InRoadsFileTypes
InRoadsFileTypes
InRoadsFileTypes
TheInRoadsroaddesignprocessusesseveraldifferentfiletypes.AllInRoadsdata isstoredinexternalfiles.TheCADfileisusedtoviewagraphicalrepresentation ofthedesigndata,butthegraphicfilesdonotstoretheInRoadsdata.Deleting theCADgraphicsdoesnotaffecttheInRoadsdata.Forexample,ifthegraphics thatrepresentexistinggroundsurfacecontoursaredeleted,theInRoadsexisting groundsurfacefileisnotmodified.
SurfaceFile(.dtm)
TheSurfacefilestoresfeaturesthataremadeupofrandompoints,breakline,and boundarydata.TheSurfacefilealsocontainstriangledata.Thefeaturesandthe trianglestogetherrepresentexistinggroundanddesignsurfaces.Multiplesurface filesmaybeopenforeditingatthesametime.AlthoughmultipleSurfacescanbe openedinInRoads,onlyoneSurfacecanbeeditedatagiventime.
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InRoadsFileTypes
GeometryProjectFile(.alg)
TheGeometryProjectFilestoresgeometricdataincludinghorizontalandvertical alignmentsandCOGOpoints.MultipleGeometryProjectfilesmaybeloadedat thesametime.AlthoughmultiplegeometryprojectscanbeopenedinInRoads, onlyoneGeometryProjectfilecanbeeditedatagiventime.
TemplateLibraryFile(.itl)
TheTemplateLibraryFilestorestemplatesandtemplatecomponents.Different componentscanbeassembledtobuildtemplates,whichdefinethetypical sectionsofaroadway.OnlyoneTemplateLibraryfilemaybeopenforeditingata giventime.
RoadwayDesign(.ird)
TheRoadwayDesignstoresinformationdefiningtheparametersofaroadway design.Theseroadwaydesignparametersaredefinedusingatoolcalledthe RoadwayDesigner.TheRoadwayDesignerisusedforcorridormanagement, assigningtemplatedrops,creatingsuperelevation,reviewingthedesign,defining templatetransitioningandcreatingdesignsurfaces.OnlyoneRoadwayDesignfile maybeopenforeditingatagiventime.
ProjectFile(.rwk)
TheProjectfileprovidesaneasymethodofopeningandsavinganumberof InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation.NoInRoadsdataisstoredinthisfile;itis anASCIIfilethatliststheInRoadsdatafilestoopen.
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ResourceFiles
ResourceFiles
ResourceFiles
TheInRoadsPreferencefile(.xin)controlshowdatawillappearwhenitis displayedintheCADfile.Preferencesetsstoredatarelatedsettingsanddialog boxsettingsforlaterretrieval.Listedbelowareafewoftheparametersthatare storedinpreferencefiles. Howasurfacewillappearwhenviewedinplan,profileandcross sections Howgeometry,suchasalignmentsandpoints,willappearwhen viewedinplanandprofile HowProfileandCrossSectiongridspacing,textlabelsandaxis symbologywillappear Parametersandvaluesthathavebeenenteredandselectedindialog boxfields,whichcanbesavedforlaterrecall
NumeroussettingsaresavedtotheInRoadsPreferencefileandprovideameans bywhichtoimplementprojectspecificandorganizationalstandards.
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ResourceFiles
PreferenceFile(.xin)
ThePreferencefilestoresthepreferencesaccessibleoneachdialogbox,Style definitions,andNamedSymbologydefinitions.StylesandNamedSymbology definitionscontrolthedisplayofSurfacesandGeometryelements.
DraftingNotesFile(.dft)
TheDraftingNotesfilestoresnotedefinitionscreatedwiththevariousnote placementtoolsfoundontheDraftingmenu.
StyleSheetsFile(.xsl)
TheStyleSheetsfileisusedtoformataraw.xmlfiletocreateafinished report.
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ExerciseOpenaPreferenceFile
ExerciseOpenaPreferenceFile
OpenthePreferenceFile WhenInRoadsstarts,apreferencefileisopenedautomatically.The defaultpreferencefileisnamedCivil.xinandislocatedintheC:\Program Files\Bentley\InRoadsGroup*\Data\folder,where*representsthe versionofsoftware. LocatethetrainingspecificpreferencefileintheBentleyTrainingfolder: 1 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. 2 BrowsetothepathC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\_Standards\. 3 SelectthePreferencefileBentleyTraining.xin. 4 ClickOpen. AmessagestatingthattheBentleyTraining.xinfileisopenappearsinthe StatusBaratthebottomoftheInRoadsExplorer.
Note:theOpendialogremainsopenafteryouopenafile.
5 ClickCanceltoclosetheOpendialog.
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WorkflowTheBigPicture
Workflow
InRoadsdoesnotforcetheuserintoalinearworkflow.Itisapowerfultoolthat canbeusedtodoawidevarietyofcomplextasks,suchasacloverleaf interchangedesign,sitedesignorstakingreports.Sinceworkflowscanvary widelydependingonthescopeoftheproject,itisdifficulttodescribethe InRoadsworkflow.Itishowever,reasonabletosaythatmostprojectsfollowthe generalworkflowasshownhere.
ProjectSetup
SetupoftheCADfilesisusuallythestartingpointofaproject.Concurrently,a fieldsurveyalsotakesplacetogatherexistinginformation.Theinformationthat thesurveyortypicallysuppliescancomeinmanyformats,includingrawdata, graphicsorASCIItext.InRoadsisflexibleenoughtohandleavarietyofformats. Thesurfaceisthenevaluatedusingavarietyofmethods,suchascrosssections, profiles,andcontourdisplay.
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CreateGeometries
Oncethesurfaceisdeemedacceptable,thedesignerbeginscreatinggeometry. InRoadsprovidesawidevarietyoftoolsforgeometrycreationthatcanbeusedin anyworkflow.Therearemanydifferentwaystocreategeometryandthesteps involvedmayvarydependingontheprojectscope.However,geometrycreation typicallyinvolvescreatinghorizontalgeometry,creatingexistinggroundprofiles andcrosssections,andcreatingverticalgeometries.
DesignRoadwayCorridor
Oncethegeometriesarecomplete,thedesignerwilltypicallycreatenew templatesoruseexistingstandardtemplates.Thesetemplatesarethenusedto designacorridormodelandgenerateaproposedsurface.
EvaluateResults
Onceacorridorisdesignedandprocessed,thedesignercanuseavarietyoftools toevaluateandedittheresultsofthedesign.Reportscanbecreatedfor importantdatasuchasgeometry,crosssections,andvolumes.Inaddition,more specializedreportssuchasgradebooks,surveystakeout,slopestake,andlegal descriptionreportscanbecreated.InRoadsreportscanbetraditionalhardcopy reportsorelectronicdatasuchasautomatedmachinecontrolgrading.
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ExerciseCreateaCADFile
CreateaMicroStationFile 1 SelectFile>NewintheMicroStationmenu. 2 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\ATourof InRoads\Practice\. 3 ClickBrowse. TheSelectSeedFiledialogappears. 4 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\ folder. 5 SelecttheBentley_Training_seed.dgnfile. 6 ClickOpen. TheSelectSeedFiledialogdisappears,andtheselectedseedfileisshown atthebottomoftheNewdialog. 7 EnterPracticeWorkingFile.dgnintheFilesfield. 8 ClickSave. Thefilethatwasjustcreatedisopened,asseeninthetitlebarofthe MicroStationwindow.
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VerifyMicroStationWorkingUnits 1 SelectSettings>DesignFilefromtheMicroStationmenu. 2 IntheDGNFileSettingsdialog,selecttheWorkingUnitscategory. EnsurethatMasterUnitissettoUSSurveyFeet[Meters] 3 ClickOKtoclosetheDGNFileSettingsdialog. ReviewtheInRoadsWorkspaceBarTabs
Note:TheInRoadsWorkspaceBartabsarelocatedatthebottomofthe
InRoadsWorkspace.Afewofthetabsarevisible,andyoucanviewthe othersbyusingthearrowkeystoscrollleftandright. 1 SelecttheSurfacestabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. NoticethattheDefaulticonisoutlinedinred,indicatingthatitisthe activefiletheonethatisaffectedbyanyactionswetakeinInRoads. 2 SelecttheGeometrytabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. NoticethattheDefaultGeometryProjectisactive. 3 SelectthePreferencetabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. Noticethatthepreferencefileremainsopened,asindicatedintheStatus Bar.InRoadsfilesremainopenevenwhencreatingnewCADfilesor switchingbetweenCADfiles.
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MicroStationUnits
MicroStationUnits
MicroStationUnitsandtheSurveyFoot
ItisimportantthatyounotethetwodifferentlengthsofafootintheUnited States,andMicroStationV8mustbesetupcorrectlyoryoumaynotbedrawing whatyouthinkyouaredrawing. MicroStationstoresalldatainternallyinmeters.Themeteristheofficialbaseunit ofmeasurethroughouttheworld.Eventhoughfeetandinchesarethedominant unitsofmeasureintheUnitedStates,theyarelegallydefinedbasedonthemeter. MicroStationusestheworkingunitdefinitiontoconvertcoordinatesand distancestoandfrommeters.Therefore,whentheworkingunitsaresettofeet andinches,MicroStationstillstoresthecoordinatesinmetersandconvertsto feetandinchestodisplaycoordinates,distances,measurements,dimensions,etc. BecauseMicroStationV8convertsallvaluesfromfeet(oranyotherunit)to meterstostorethedata,itiscriticalthatyouunderstandtheconversionprocess andthedesiredfootmeasurement.Ifnot,yourdatamaynotbecorrect.
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MicroStationUnits
ThereisadifferencebetweenafootandaSurveyfoot.Thefollowingdefinitionis takenfromthe1991editionofASTMpublicationE38089a(StandardPracticefor UseofInternationalSystemofUnits). TheU.S.MetricLawof1866gavetherelationship,1metreequals39.37 inches.Since1893theU.S.yardhasbeenderivedfromthemetre.In1959a refinementwasmadeinthedefinitionoftheyardtobringtheU.S.yardand theyardusedinothercountriesintoagreement.TheU.S.yardwaschanged from3600/3937mto0.9144mexactly.Thenewlengthisshorterbyexactly twopartsinamillion. Atthesametimeitwasdecidedthatanydatainfeetderivedfromand publishedasaresultofgeodeticsurveyswithintheU.S.wouldremainwith theoldstandard(1ft=1200/3937m)untilfurtherdecision.Thisfootisnamed theU.S.surveyfoot. Thereforethefollowingdefinitionsareinexistencetoday: 1foot=.3048000m 1surveyfoot=1200/3937m.3048006m ThefootinMicroStationsstandardunitlistisbasedonthefootdefinition,notthe surveyfootdefinition.Thisisthecorrectdefinitionformostworkoutsideofthe civilengineeringandsurveyingdisciplines.If,however,thedataisbasedon geodeticsurveymeasurements,usingthestandardunitdefinitioninMicroStation mayyieldincorrectresults.MostsurveydocumentationintheUSisbasedonthe surveyfoot.However,itisimportanttocheckwithyoursurveyororlocal authoritiesbecausesomedataisbasedonthefootdefinition. Howmuchdifferencereallyexistsbetweenafootandasurveyfoot?Itdepends onwhatyouaremeasuring.Asyoucanseebelow,largenumberssuchas engineerstypicallyworkwithwhenusingStatePlaneCoordinatescanhave significanterrorifthewrongfootdefinitionisused. Shortdistances<1000feet USSurveyFoot=InternationalFoot(measured1/100ofafoot) At100,000feet Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout.2feet At1,000,000feet(ApproximatesizeofmanyStatePlaneCoordinates) Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout2feet
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ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaultsdefinethedefaultlocationforopeningandsavingInRoadsdata filesrelatedtoaproject,aswellastheprojectpreferencefilesthatareloaded whenInRoadsisactivated.TheProjectDefaultsarestoredlocallyintheWindows registry. TosetuptheProjectDefaults,selecttheFile>ProjectDefaultscommandinthe InRoadsmenu.TheSetProjectDefaultsdialogboxisdividedintotwoprimary sections:DefaultPreferencesandDefaultDirectoryPaths. DefaultPreferencesInRoadspreferencefilesthatareloadedwhenaProject DefaultsConfigurationNameisselected. DefaultDirectoryPathsthefolderlocationswherethesetypesofInRoads filesarelocated.Thespecificfilestobeloadedforaprojectareidentified usingaProjectfile(.rwk).
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ProjectDefaults
MultipleProjectDefaultconfigurationscanbecreatedandsavedunderdifferent names.Thepathforallfiletypescanbesettothesamelocation,orseparate pathscanbesetforeachfiletype. TocreateanewConfigurationNameormodifyanexistingone,clickApply.This actionwritestheinformationtotheregistryofthecomputerthatyouare currentlyusing. ToactivateadifferentConfigurationName,selectitandclickClose.
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ExerciseSetUpProjectDefaults
InRoadsFilesWhichOpenAutomatically WhenInRoadsstarts,aPreferencefileisneededtospecifythesettings andparametersofeachdialogbox.ThePreferencefileisopenedas specifiedintheProjectDefaults,ifconfigured.IftheProjectDefaultsare notconfigured,InRoadswillopenapreferencefilewhichislocatedinthe productfolders. InRoadsalsocreatesaDefaultSurfaceandDefaultGeometryProject. TheDefaultSurfaceandGeometryProjectareemptyandcanbeused forscratchwork,butarenormallynotsavedduringatypicalInRoads workflow. SetUpProjectDefaults Inthisexercise,youwillcreateaProjectDefaultconfigurationnamed RoadFundamentalsandassigntoitthedefaultfolderlocationsforFile> OpenandFileSavecommands. 1 FromtheInRoadsmenu,selectFile>ProjectDefaults. TheProjectDefaultsdialogappears.
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2 ClickNew. 3 EnterRoadFundamentalsintheNewConfigurationdialogandclickOK. TheSetProjectDefaultsdialogupdateswiththenewConfigurationName. 4 ClickinthePreferences(*.xin)fieldandclickBrowse. 5 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\ folder,andselecttheBentleyTraining.xinfile. 6 ClickOpen. 7 ClickintheProjects(*.rwk)fieldandclickBrowse. 8 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\folder,and openit. 9 ClickOpen. TheProjects(*.rwk)fieldupdateswiththeC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\folder. 10 Repeatthisproceduretocompletethefollowingfields: Surfaces(*.dtm): GeometryProject(*.alg): TemplateLibraries(*.itl): RoadwayDesign(*.ird): C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\ C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\ C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\ C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\
11 VerifythattheProjectDefaultDirectoryfieldisblank.Deleteanytextthat isinthisfield.
ThissettingMUSTbeblankorthe.rwkfilesusedinthistrainingdataset
willnotloadproperly. 12 ClickApply,thenclickClose. InRoadswillusethisProjectDefaultdefinitionuntilitischanged.The specifiedpreferencefileisautomaticallyopenedwhenInRoadsis activated.ThefolderlocationsbecomethedefaultswhenusingtheFile> OpenandFile>SaveAscommands.
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ExerciseReferenceaBasemap
ReferencingaSurveyDataBasemap Agraphicdrawingorbasemapofthesurveyareaiscommonlyprovided forthedesignertouseasabackdropduringthedesignprocess.Using MicroStation,thebasemapwillbereferencedtotheworkingfile.By referencingthebasemap,alloftheinformationinthebasemapisvisible; however,itcannotbemodified. AttachaReferenceFile 1 FromtheMicroStationmenu,selectFile>References. TheReferencesdialogappears. 2 SelectTools>Attach. 3 BrowsetothefolderC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\ATourof InRoads\Practice\. 4 SelectthePractice_Existing.dgnfile,andclickOK. TheReferenceAttachmentSettingsdialogappears. 5 SelectCoincidentWorldintheOrientationlist.
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6 ClickOktoattachthereference. TheReferencedialogappears.ItdisplaysthePracticeExisting.dgnfile, withitsattachmentmethodsettoCoincidentWorld. 7 ClosetheReferencesdialog. YouwillnowviewtheattachedreferencefileintheMicroStationwindow. 8 SelecttheFitViewiconintheMicroStationViewwindowtoolbar.Exit MicroStationandInRoadsbyclickingontheClosebuttonatthetopright oftheMicroStationscreen. 9 FromtheMicroStationmenuselectFile>SaveSettings. Thenexttimethefileisopened,theviewwillbesettoseethereference file.
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CreatingandSavingFiles
CreatingNewFiles
NewInRoadsfilescanbecreatedbyselectingFile>NewfromtheInRoadsmenu. IntheNewdialogbox,usethetabstoselectthedatatypetocreate.Next,enter thedesiredName,completetheotherparameters,andselectApply.Thedata appearsintheWorkspaceBaroftheInRoadsExplorer(afteryouselectthe appropriatetab). WhenusingtheFile>Newcommand,thenewdataisstoredinvirtualmemory (loaded)inInRoads. ThedatacreationtoolsdonotstoretheInRoadsdatatothecomputerharddrive; thefilesonlyexistinvirtual(ortemporary)memory.Unlesssavedtodisk,thenew InRoadsdatawillbelostwhenInRoadsisclosed.
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SavingFiles
WhenanInRoadsdatafileiscreatedorloadedfromdisk,itresidesinvirtual memory.Editingthisdatadoesnotsaveittotheharddrive.Thedataisheldin memoryuntilacommandisexecutedtosavethedatatodisk.Youmustusethe Savecommandstoperiodicallysaveyourwork.IffilesareclosedorInRoadsis exitedbeforesaving,apromptwillappearaskingifyouwishtosavethefile beforeexiting. InRoadsallowsyoutosavesurfacesandGeometryProjectsusingadifferent internalnamethantheexternalname(orFilename). Theinternalfilenameisthenamegiventoadatatypewhenitiscreated usingtheFile>Newcommand.Thisisalsothenamethatappearsinthe InRoadsdialogboxes. Theexternalfilenameisthenamegiventothedatatypewhenitissavedon thediskusingtheFile>Savecommand.Theexternalfileshavetheextensions .algand.dtm.
Forexample,youcancreateasurfaceusingtheFile>Newcommandandnameit ExistingGround.WhenyousavethatsurfaceusingtheFile>Save>Surface command,youcansaveittoafilenamedSR1045_Existing.dtm.Whenyouopen thefileSR1045_Existing.dtm,allreferencestothatsurfaceintheInRoadsdialog boxeswouldbeExistingGround.
Itishighlyrecommendedthatyoukeeptheinternalandexternalnamesthe
same.
InRoadsautomaticallyusestheSaveAsfunctionalitywhensavingInRoads
datathathasnotbeenpreviouslysaved,evenwhenusingtheFile>Save command.However,youcanoptionallyusetheFile>SaveAscommandifyou choose.TheFile>Savecommandsavestheactivesurface,geometry,etc.To savenonactivedatayoushouldusetheSaveAscommand,whichallowsyou toselectthedatayouwanttosave.
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ClosingFilesandExitingInRoads
ClosingFiles
AfilecanberemovedfromInRoadsvirtualmemorybyselectingFile>Closefrom theInRoadsexplorermenu.Ifthefilehasbeenpreviouslysavedtodisk,the InRoadsdataispreservedinthediskfile.IftheInRoadsdatahasnotbeensaved todisk,thedataislost.EachInRoadsdatafilecanbeclosedseparatelyorallthe InRoadsdatafilescanbeclosedatonetimebyselectingFile>Close>All.
ExitingInRoads
ToexitInRoads,selectFile>ExitfromtheInRoadsExplorer.Ifdatathatis currentlyloadedinInRoadshasnotbeensavedtodisk,analertappearsaskingif thedatashouldbesaved.ClickYestosaveonlytheInRoadsdatashowninthe alert.ClickYestoAlltosaveallcurrentlyloadedInRoadsdata.Ifthefilehasnot beenpreviouslysavedtodisk,theSaveAsdialogboxappearssothatyoucan specifythefilenameandfolder.
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NOTE:IfyouareusingPowerInRoads,youcannotexitInRoadswhileleaving MicroStationopen.ClosebothapplicationsatthesametimebyclickingtheClose buttonontheupperrightoftheMicroStationscreen.
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ExerciseClosingFiles
CloseAllFiles
1 SelectFile>Close>CloseAllfromtheInRoadsmenu. Analertboxopens. 2 ClickYestocloseallthefiles. 3 SelectFile>ExitfromtheCADfilemenu. TheCADfilecloses.
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ProjectSetup
Inthischapter,wewilllearnhowtogetstartedsettingupanInRoadsproject.We willalsocreateaCADfilewhichwillbeusedbyInRoadstoproducegraphicsof theproject.
Feb09 Copyright2009BentleySystems,Incorporated
InRoads101
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LessonObjectives
LessonObjectives
Inthislessonwewill... CreateaCADfiletobeusedforInRoadsgraphics LearnaboutProjectDefaults
InRoads101
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InRoadsWorkflow
InRoadsWorkflow
InRoadsWorkflow
InRoadsdoesnotforcetheuserintoalinearworkflow.Itisapowerfultoolthat canbeusedtodoawidevarietyofcomplextasks,suchasacloverleaf interchangedesign,sitedesignorstakingreports.Sinceworkflowscanvary widelydependingonthescopeoftheproject,itisdifficulttodescribethe InRoadsworkflow.Itishowever,reasonabletosaythatmostprojectsfollowthe generalworkflowasshownhere.
ProjectSetup
SetupoftheCADfilesisusuallythestartingpointofaproject.Concurrently,a fieldsurveyalsotakesplacetogatherexistinginformation.Theinformationthat thesurveyortypicallysuppliescancomeinmanyformats,includingrawdata, graphicsorASCIItext.InRoadsisflexibleenoughtohandleavarietyofformats. Thesurfaceisthenevaluatedusingavarietyofmethods,suchascrosssections, profiles,andcontourdisplay.
InRoads101
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InRoadsWorkflow
CreateGeometries
Oncethesurfaceisdeemedacceptable,thedesignerbeginscreatinggeometry. InRoadsprovidesawidevarietyoftoolsforgeometrycreationthatcanbeusedin anyworkflow.Therearemanydifferentwaystocreategeometryandthesteps involvedmayvarydependingontheprojectscope.However,geometrycreation typicallyinvolvescreatinghorizontalgeometry,creatingexistinggroundprofiles andcrosssections,andcreatingverticalgeometries.
DesignRoadwayCorridor
Oncethegeometriesarecomplete,thedesignerwilltypicallycreatenew templatesoruseexistingstandardtemplates.Thesetemplatesarethenusedto designacorridormodelandgenerateaproposedsurface.
EvaluateResults
Onceacorridorisdesignedandprocessed,thedesignercanuseavarietyoftools toevaluateandedittheresultsofthedesign.Reportscanbecreatedfor importantdatasuchasgeometry,crosssections,andvolumes.Inaddition,more specializedreportssuchasgradebooks,surveystakeout,slopestake,andlegal descriptionreportscanbecreated.InRoadsreportscanbetraditionalhardcopy reportsorelectronicdatasuchasautomatedmachinecontrolgrading.
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ExerciseFileCreation
StartInRoadsXM 1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsicon orlaunchInRoadsfromtheStart>Programs>Bentleymenuchoices. MicroStationappears. CreateaMicroStationFile 1 Setthedirectoryto C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\Practice\PracticeLesson03\. 2 SelectFile>NewintheMicroStationManagerdialog.
Note:IfyourMicroStationpreferenceissettoUseWindowsOpen
dialogtheMicroStationManagerwillappeardifferentlyandwillaffect thestepsshownbelowincreatinganewfile.Thisoptioncanbechanged bygoingtoWorkspace>Preferences>LookandFeelintheMicroStation menu. 3 IntheNewdialog,clicktheSelectbutton.
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4 IntheSelectSeedFiledialog,browsetoandselectthefile InRoads_Training_seed.dgnintheC:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads 101\Standards\SeedFiles\folder. 5 ClickOK. TheSelectSeedFiledialogdisappearsandtheselectedseedfileisshown atthebottomoftheNewdialog. 6 OntheNewdialog,keyinPracticeCreateWorkingFile.dgnintheFiles field. 7 ClickOK. IntheMicroStationManagerdialog,thefilePracticeCreateWorking File.dgnisautomaticallyselected. 8 ClickOKtostartMicroStationandInRoads. VerifyMicroStationWorkingUnits 1 SelectSettings>DesignFilefromtheMicroStationmenu. 2 IntheDGNFileSettingsdialog,selecttheWorkingUnitscategory. EnsuretheMasterUnitsaresettoUSSurveyFeet. 3 ClosetheDGNFileSettingsdialog. ReviewtheInRoadsWorkspaceBarTabs 1 SelecttheSurfacestabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. NoticetheDefaultSurfaceisactive. 2 SelecttheGeometrytabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. NoticetheDefaultGeometryProjectisactive. 3 SelectthePreferencetabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar. NoticethenameandlocationofthePreferencefilewhichisopenedwhen InRoadsstarts.
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Footvs.SurveyFoot
Footvs.SurveyFoot
MicroStationUnitsandtheSurveyFoot
ItisimportantthatyounotethetwodifferentlengthsofafootintheUnited States,andMicroStationV8mustbesetupcorrectlyoryoumaynotbedrawing whatyouthinkyouaredrawing. InternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasameter.Actuallythemeteristhe officialbaseunitofmeasurethroughouttheworld.Eventhoughfeetandinches arethedominantunitsofmeasureintheUnitedStates,theyarelegallydefined basedonthemeter. MicroStationusestheworkingunitdefinitiontoconvertcoordinatesand distancestoandfrommeters.Therefore,whentheworkingunitsaresettofeet andinches,MicroStationstillstoresthecoordinatesinmetersandconvertsto feetandinchestodisplaycoordinates,distances,measurements,dimensions,etc. BecauseMicroStationV8convertsallvaluesfromfeet(oranyotherunit)to meterstostorethedata,itiscriticalthatyouunderstandtheconversionprocess andthedesiredfootmeasurement.Ifnot,yourdatamaynotbecorrect.
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Footvs.SurveyFoot
ThereisadifferencebetweenafootandaSurveyfoot.Thefollowingdefinitionis takenfromthe1991editionofASTMpublicationE38089a(StandardPracticefor UseofInternationalSystemofUnits). TheU.S.MetricLawof1866gavetherelationship,1metreequals39.37 inches.Since1893theU.S.yardhasbeenderivedfromthemetre.In1959a refinementwasmadeinthedefinitionoftheyardtobringtheU.S.yardand theyardusedinothercountriesintoagreement.TheU.S.yardwaschanged from3600/3937mto0.9144mexactly.Thenewlengthisshorterbyexactly twopartsinamillion. Atthesametimeitwasdecidedthatanydatainfeetderivedfromand publishedasaresultofgeodeticsurveyswithintheU.S.wouldremainwith theoldstandard(1ft=1200/3937m)untilfurtherdecision.Thisfootisnamed theU.S.surveyfoot. Thereforethefollowingdefinitionsareinexistencetoday: 1foot=.3048000m 1surveyfoot=1200/3937m.3048006m ThefootinMicroStationsstandardunitlistisbasedonthefootdefinition,notthe surveyfootdefinition.Thisisthecorrectdefinitionformostworkoutsideofthe civilengineeringandsurveyingdisciplines.If,however,thedataisbasedon geodeticsurveymeasurements,usingthestandardunitdefinitioninMicroStation mayyieldincorrectresults.MostsurveymonumentationintheUSisbasedonthe surveyfoot.However,itisimportanttocheckwithyoursurveyororlocal authoritiesbecausesomedataisbasedonthefootdefinition. Howmuchdifferencereallyexistsbetweenafootandasurveyfoot?Itdepends onwhatyouaremeasuring.Asyoucanseebelow,largenumberssuchas engineerstypicallyworkwithwhenusingStatePlaneCoordinatescanhave significanterrorifthewrongfootdefinitionisused. Shortdistances<1000feet USSurveyFoot=InternationalFoot(measured1/100ofafoot) At100,000feet Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout.2feet At1,000,000feet(ApproximatesizeofmanyStatePlaneCoordinates) Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout2feet
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ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaultsdefinethedefaultlocationforopeningandsavingInRoadsdata filesrelatedtoaproject,aswellastheprojectpreferencefilesthatareloaded whenInRoadsisactivated.TheProjectDefaultsarestoredlocallyintheWindows registry. TosetuptheProjectDefaults,selecttheFile>ProjectDefaultscommand.The SetProjectDefaultsdialogboxisdividedintotwoprimarysections:Default PreferencesandDefaultDirectoryPaths.DefaultpreferencesidentifyInRoads preferencefilesthatareloadedwhenaProjectDefaultsConfigurationNameis selected.DefaultdirectorypathsidentifyfolderlocationswhereInRoadsfilesare located.Thissectiondoesnotidentifyspecificfiles,insteaditlistsfolderswhere thesetypesoffilesarelocated.Thespecificfilestobeloadedforaprojectare identifiedusingaProjectfile(.rwk).
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ProjectDefaults
MultipleconfigurationsofProjectDefaultscanbecreatedandsavedunder differentnames.Thepathforallfiletypescanbesettothesamelocationor separatepathscanbesetforeachfiletype.WhenanewConfigurationNameis created,ormodificationsaremadetoanexistingone,clicktheApplybutton.This actionwritestheinformationtotheregistryofthecomputerthatyouare currentlyusing.ToactivateadifferentConfigurationName,selectitandclick Close.
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InRoadsFilesWhichOpenAutomatically
WhenInRoadsstarts,aPreferencefileisneededtospecifythesettingsand parametersofeachdialogbox.Tostart,aPreferencefileisopenedasspecifiedin theProjectDefaultsifconfigured.IftheProjectDefaultsarenotconfigured, InRoadswillopenapreferencefilewhichislocatedintheproductfolders. InRoadsalsocreatesaDefaultSurfaceandDefaultGeometryProject.The DefaultSurfaceandGeometryProjectareemptyandcanbeusedasfor scratchwork,butarenormallynotsavedduringatypicalInRoadsworkflow. SetupProjectDefaults 1 FromtheInRoadsmenu,selectFile>ProjectDefaults. TheProjectDefaultsdialogappears. 2 ClickNew.
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3 KeyinInRoadsFundamentalsintheNewConfigurationdialogandclick OK. TheSetProjectDefaultsdialogupdateswiththenewConfigurationName. 4 ClickinthePreferences(*.xin)fieldandclicktheBrowsebutton. 5 BrowsetoandselectthefileInRoadsTraining.xininthe C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\Standards\Preferences\folder. 6 ClickOpen. 7 ClickintheProjects(*.rwk)fieldandclicktheBrowse. 8 BrowsetothefolderC:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\RWK\andclick Open. 9 Repeatthisproceduretocompletethefollowingfields:
Surfaces(*.dtm) C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\ GeometryProject(*.alg) C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\ TemplateLibraries(*.itl) C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\ RoadwayDesign(*.ird) C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\
10 ClickApply,thenclickClose. InRoadswillusethisProjectDefaultdefinitionuntilitischanged.The specifiedpreferencefilesareautomaticallyopenedwhenInRoadsis activatedandthefolderlocationsbecomethedefaultswhenusingthe File>OpenandFile>SaveAscommands. VerifyPreferenceFileisLoaded 1 ClickthePreferencestabatthebottomoftheWorkspacearea(onthe left)oftheInRoadsExplorer. 2 ReviewthenameofthepreferencefilecurrentlyloadedinInRoads. TheactivepreferencefileshouldbeC:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads 101\Standards\Preferences\InRoadsTraining.xin. Thispreferencefilewasautomaticallyloadedwhenitwasspecifiedinthe ProjectDefaults.
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ReferencingaSurveyDataBasemap
Agraphicdrawingorbasemapofthesurveyareaiscommonlyprovidedforthe designertouseasabackdropduringthedesignprocess. UsingMicroStation,thebasemapwillbereferencedtotheworkingfile.By referencingthebasemap,alloftheinformationinthebasemapisvisible; however,itcannotbemodified. AttachaReferenceFile 1 FromtheMicroStationmenu,selectFile>Reference. 2 OntheReferencesdialog,selectTools>Attach. 3 BrowsetothefolderC:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\References\. 4 SelectthefilenamedPractice_Existing.dgn.
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5 SettheAttachmentMethodtoCoincidentWorld. 6 ClickOKtoattachthereference. 7 ClosetheReferencedialog. 8 FittheMicroStationviewtoseetheattachedreferencefile. 9 ExitInRoadsandMicroStation.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto: Understandsurfacesandthetypesofdatathatdefinesasurface Displaysurfacecontours,featuresandtriangles Understandandusesurfaceproperties
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SummaryandReview
Questions:
Beforecontinuing,letsreinforcewhatyouhavelearned. 1 DescribethegeneralworkflowoftheInRoadsprocess. 2 TrueorFalse:InternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasaSurveyFoot? True False
3 ProjectDefaultsarestoredinwhichtypeoffile? AGeometry(.alg) BTemplateLibrary(.itl) CPreference(.xin) DRoadwayDesign(.ird) EWindowsregistry
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SummaryandReview
Answers
1 DescribethegeneralworkflowoftheInRoadsprocess. ThegeneralInRoadsworkflowis ProjectSetup CreateGeometries DesignRoadwayCorridor EvaluateResults
2 TrueorFalse:InternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasaSurveyFoot? FalseInternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasameter. 3 ProjectDefaultsarestoredinwhichtypeoffile? EWindowsregistry
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SummaryandReview
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IntroductiontoSurfaces
Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofSurfaces.Wewilldisplay thesurfacecontours,trianglesandfeaturesofaSurface.Wewillalsolearnabout thepropertiesofaSurface.
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Objectives
Objectives
Learnaboutsurfacesandthetypesofdatathatdefinesasurface. Displaysurfacecontours,featuresandtriangles. Learnaboutthesurfaceproperties.
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Objectives
StartInRoadsorPowerInRoads 1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsicon orlaunchInRoads/PowerInRoadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentley menuchoices. TheFileOpendialogopens. OpenaCADFile 1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Introto Surfaces\Practice\. 2 SelectthefileViewSurface.dgn,thenclickOpen. OpenthePreferenceFile 1 SelectthePreferencestabintheInRoadsExplorer. 2 VerifythatthepreferencefileBentleyTraining.xinisintheC:\Bentley Training\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\folder. Thepreferencefileshouldbeautomaticallyopenedfromtheproject defaultspreviouslysetup.Ifthefileisopened,skiptothenexttopic (Surfaces). Ifthefileisnotloaded,completethefollowingsteps. 3 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. 4 ChangetheFilesoftypetoPreferences(*.xin). 5 Browsetothe C:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\folder. 6 SelectthefileBentleyTraining.xinandclickOpen. 7 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog.
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Surfaces
Surfaces
Surfaces
Asurfaceisarepresentationofthephysicalterrain.Surfacepointsareconnected togethertoformsurfacetriangles.Thisprocessisknownastriangulation. ThetermssurfaceandDigitalTerrainModel(DTM)canbeusedinterchangeably. Bothtermsrefertoatriangulatedmodelrepresentingaphysicalterrainsuchas theexistinggroundorproposeddesign. CurrentversionsofInRoadssoftwaretypicallyusethetermsurfaceinsteadof digitalterrainmodelorDTM.However,manyothersoftwareapplicationsreferto theirmodelsasdigitalterrainmodels.
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SurfaceTriangulation
Tohaveknownelevationsthroughoutthesurface,thesurfacemustbe triangulated.YoucantriangulateasurfacebyselectingSurface>Triangulate Surface. Thiscommandformstrianglesfromthesurfacepointsbyactivatingthe triangulationalgorithm.Thisalgorithm,basedonDelaunay'scriteria,creates small,triangularplanesthatdefinetheterrainsurface. Sincethex,y,zcoordinatesofeachtriangle'sverticesareknown,theelevationof anypointontheresultingtriangularplanecanbecomputedthrough interpolation. TheMaximumLengthoptionisusedtolimitthelengthoftriangles.Changingthe maximumsegmentlengthautomaticallyremovesunwantedlongtriangles,which spanacrossareaswheretheterraindataisunknown.Anytrianglewithaside longerthanthemaximumsegmentlengthwillnotbecreatedinthesurface.A maximumlengthofzeroallowsatriangleofanylengthtobecreated.
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SurfaceFeatures
SurfaceFeatures
Features
InRoadsusesthetermfeaturetorefertothepointsandlinesthatarecontainedin asurface.Thefeatureswithinthesurfacedefinehoweachpointisdisplayedand howitinfluencesthetriangulationofthesurface.
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FeatureTypes
FeatureTypes
FeatureTypes
Afeatureismadeofoneormorepoints.Thefeaturetypeaffectshowthe triangleswhichconnectthepointstogetherareformed.
Random
Randomfeatures,alsocalledspotpoints,representnonuniformlyspaced pointsthathavenodirectrelationshiptootherpoints.Randomfeaturesare commonlyfoundwhenthesurveyedareaconsistsofanopenfieldorgrassy area,sincetherearenoidentifiableterrainfeatures.
Breakline
Breaklinefeaturesrepresentalineardiscontinuityinasurfacesuchasaridge, ditch,edgeofpavement,centerline,orcurb.Thebreaklinefeaturetype specifiesthatallpointsinthefeatureareconnectedasalinearsegment. Whenthesurfaceistriangulated,thetrianglesareformedsothatnotriangle legcrossesanybreaklinefeatures.Thismaintainstheintegrityoftheslope
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FeatureTypes
betweenbreaklinefeaturepointsduringtriangulation,resultinginamore accuratesurface.
Contour
Contourfeaturesarelinearfeaturesthatcomefromcontourdata,whichis commonlyavailablefrommappingagencies.Contourfeaturesare triangulatedinthesamewayasbreaklinefeatures.Surfacescreatedfrom contourdataarenormallynotasaccurateassurfacescreatedfromBreakline andRandomfeatures.
Interior
Interiorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatrepresentavoidor holeinthesurface.Notrianglesareformedinsidetheinteriorfeatures,and therecanbeunlimitedinteriorfeaturesinasinglesurface.Examplesinclude: buildingfootprints,lakes,andobscureareas.
Exterior
Exteriorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatformaboundary aroundthesurface.Notrianglewillbeformedoutsidetheexteriorfeature.An exteriorfeatureiscommonlyusedtopreventtrianglesfrombeingformedin areaswherethesurveydataisnotknown.Itisalsousedtomaintaincutand filllinesonaproposeddesign.Therecanbeonlyoneexteriorfeatureina singlesurface.
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UsingBreaklineFeatures
Toproduceanaccuratesurface,itistypicallynecessarytosupplementthe randomfeatureswithstringsorshapesofpointscollectedalonglinearbreaksin theground.Forexample,anexistinggroundsurfacewilllikelycontainlinestrings alongallmajorbreaksintheterrain,suchasedgesofroadway,edgesof waterways,andsoon. Sincebreaklinefeaturesholdthelinearrelationshipbetweenpoints,breaklines moreaccuratelymodelthelinearfeaturesinasurface.
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ExteriorFeatures
ExteriorFeatures
ExteriorFeatures
Exteriorfeatures(alsocalledexteriorboundaries)areclosedshapedlinear featuresthatformaboundaryaroundthesurface.Notriangleisformedoutside theexteriorfeature.Anexteriorfeatureiscommonlyusedtopreventtriangles frombeingformedinareaswherethesurveydataisnotknown.Itisalsousedto maintaincutandfilllinesonaproposeddesign.Youcanonlyhaveoneexterior featureinasinglesurface.
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InteriorFeatures
InteriorFeatures
InteriorFeatures
Interiorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatrepresentavoidorholein thesurface.Notrianglesareformedinsidetheinteriorfeatures.Youcanhave unlimitedinteriorfeaturesinasinglesurface. Examplesinclude:buildingfootprints,lakes,andobscureareas.
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PreferenceSets
PreferenceSets
Preference
APreferenceisagroupofsettingsforanInRoadscommand.Thesesettingscanbe savedandthenretrievedatalatertime. Forexample,youcancreatetwoPreferencesetsfortheViewContourscommand, onecalledExistingSurface,andtheothercalledFinishedSurface,wherethefirst displayscontoursat5intervalsandtheotherat10intervals. YoucanassignaPreferencesettotheViewContourscommandforyourcurrent session,byloadingthePreferencesetbeforerunningthecommand.Todothat, opentheViewCommandsdialogbox(selectSurface>ViewSurface>Contours), clickPreferences,selectthePreferencename,andclickLoad.Oncethe Preferencesetisopened,itremainsopenedforthatsession. Auserdefineddefaultpreferenceset(orPreferredPreference)isopenedwhen thedialogisfirstopened.Youcansetthepreferreddefaultpreferenceby selectingFile>ProjectDefaultsintheInRoadsmenuandsettingthePreferred PreferenceName.
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TheStyleManager
TheStyleManager
TheStyleManager
TheStyleManagerisusedtoconfigurethewayInRoadsdisplaysgraphics.It controlsthegraphicdisplay(symbology)ofsurfacefeatures,geometryfeatures andsurveyfeatures.Italsocontrolswhetherthesefeaturesaredisplayedornot. TheStyleManageriswherestylesarecreatedandedited.ToaccesstheStyle Manager,selectTools>StyleManager.ClickNeworEdittocreatenewFeature Stylesoreditexistingones.OnestylecanapplytoSurface,Geometry,andSurvey, andoncetheNewStyleorEditStyledialogboxopens,youcanaccessaleaffor eachofthosefeaturetypes.
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TheStyleManager(Contd)
StyleManagerLeaves
TherearefiveleavesontheleftpaneoftheEditStyleorNewStyledialog.The SurfaceFeatures,GeometryFeatures,andSurveyFeaturesleavesallowyouto specifyhowafeatureistobedisplayedwhenitoccursinsurfacedata,geometry dataorsurveydata.ThereisalsoaGeneralleafandaSymbologyleaf.
GeneralLeaf
SpecifieswhichfeaturetheStylecanbeappliedto.
SymbologyLeaf
SpecifiestheNamedSymbologyusedforthegraphicdisplay.
SurfaceFeatureLeaf
TheSurfaceFeatureleafcontrolshowsurfacefeaturesaredisplayed.The SettingsleafoftheSurfaceFeatureleafcontrolswhetherfeaturescanbe displayedinthePlan,Profileand/orCrossSectionView.TheSymbologyleafof
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theSurfaceFeatureleafdefineswhichNamedSymbologywillbeusedfor displayingthefeatureinthePlan,Profileand/orCrossSectionView.
GeometryFeatureLeaf
TheGeometryFeatureleafcontrolshowgeometryfeaturesaredisplayed. GeometryhasfourleaveswhichcontrolhowPoints,Lines,ArcsandSpiralsare displayed.
SurveyFeatureLeaf
TheSurveyFeatureleafcontrolshowsurveyfeaturesaredisplayed.
TheStyleManagerisusedinconjunctionwithSurveyCodes.Thislinkis
coveredingreaterdetailinourSurveyFundamentalsclass.
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TheNamedSymbologyManager
TheNamedSymbologyManager
NamedSymbologyManager
ANamedSymbologydefineshowapoint,line,ortextwillbedisplayedinCAD. NamedsymbologyisusedbytheStyleManagertodefinethedisplayofgraphics, controllingthecolor,level,weight,andlinestyleofdisplayedelements.Itcontrols thedisplayoftext.Italsospecifieswhichcellsandsymbolswillbeusedtodisplay points. TheNamedSymbologyManagerisusedtocreateandeditnamedsymbologyin InRoads.ToaccesstheNamedSymbologyManager,selectTools>Named SymbologyManager.
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ExerciseViewSurfaceCommands
Inthisexercise,youwillopenasurfaceusingtwodifferentPreferenceSets andcomparetheresultingcontourgraphics.Youwillalsoviewthesurface trianglesandsurfacefeatures. OpenaSurface 1 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. 2 OpenthesurfaceHemfieldExisting.dtmfromthe C:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\_CommonReferences\folder. TheStatusBarsaysthefileHemfieldExisting.dtmisopen. 3 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog. Thedialogstaysopensoyoucaneasilyloadmultiplesurfaces,orother typesofInRoadsdata,inasingleoperation.
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LoadaPreferenceSetandViewtheSurfaceContours 1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Contours. TheViewContoursdialogopens. 2 ClickPreferencesatthebottomofthedialog. 3 SelecttheExistingSurfacepreference. 4 ClickLoad. 5 ClickClosetoclosethePreferencesdialog. 6 ClickApply.
Note:TheViewContoursdialogboxremainsopen.
7 SelecttheMicroStationFitViewcommand. Noticethecontourgraphics. ChangethePreferenceSetandViewtheSurfaceContours 1 ClickPreferencesintheViewContoursdialogbox. 2 SelecttheFinishedSurfacepreference. 3 ClickLoad. 4 ClickClosetoclosethePreferencesdialog. 5 ClickApply. 6 ClosetheViewContoursdialog. Noticethedifferenceinthecontourgraphics. ViewtheSurfaceTriangles 1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Triangles. 2 ClickPreferences. 3 SelecttheExistingSurfacePreference. 4 ClickLoad. 5 ClickClosetoclosethePreferencesdialog. 6 ClickApply. 7 ClickClosetoclosetheViewTrianglesdialog.
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ViewtheSurfaceFeatures 1 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. 2 OpenthesurfaceExistingSurvey.dtmfromtheC:\Bentley Training\InRoadsFundamentals\_CommonReferences\folder. ExistingSurveyisnowtheactivesurface. 3 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog. 4 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Features. 5 ClickApply. 6 ClickClosetoclosetheViewFeaturesdialog. 7 SelecttheMicroStationFitViewcommand. Noticethedisplayofthetwodifferentsurfacesyouhaveloaded. 8 SelectSurface>FitSurface. TheviewzoomstoshowtheactivesurfacewhichiscurrentlytheExisting Surveysurface.
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SurfaceProperties
SurfaceProperties
SurfaceProperties
Immediatelyafterloadingasurface,youshouldreviewthesurfacespropertiesto quicklyverifythesurface. ToaccesstheSurfacePropertiesdialogbox,rightclickonthenameofthesurface intheWorkspaceBaroftheInRoadsExplorerandselectProperties.Anotherway toaccesstheSurfacePropertiescommandistoselectSurface>Surface Properties. Youcanonlyreviewthepropertiesofonesurfaceatatime.Youcanchangethe nameofthedisplayedsurfaceherebyenteringthenewnameandclickingApply.
AdvanceTab
TheadvancedtabincludespickliststodefinetheNamedSymbology definitionfordisplayingthesurfaceoncrosssectionsandprofiles.
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ExerciseSurfaceReview
ReviewtheSurfaceProperties 1 SelectSurface>SurfaceProperties. TheSurfacePropertiesdialogboxappears. 2 EnsurethatHemfieldExistingisshownintheSurfacefield. TheSurfacefieldshowstheactivesurface.Selectingadifferentsurface namesetsthatsurfaceastheactivesurface. 3 ReviewtheMinimumandMaximumcoordinatesinthelowerleftcorner ofthedialogbox. CreateaReviewSurfaceReport 1 ClickReport,andreviewtheresults. 2 SelectSaveAs. 3 EnterHemfieldExisting.txtfortheFilename. 4 Savethefiletothe C:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\IntrotoSurfaces\Practice\ folder.
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ExittheCADSoftware 1 ClosetheResultsdialog. 2 ClosetheSurfacePropertiesdialog. 3 ExittheCADsoftware.
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CollectingSurfaceData
Fieldsurveys,aerialphotography,andcontourmapsareallsourcesforcollecting surfacedata.Generally,themostaccuratedatacomesfromfieldsurveys. Whileallmethodsofcollectingsurfacedataarevalid,thedesignprojecttype dictatestheaccuracyandlevelofdetailrequired.
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ImportingSurfaceData
ThefollowingarewaystobringsurfacedataintoInRoads:
Survey
TheeasiestmethodforimportingsurfacedataintoInRoadsistheSurvey application.UsingSurvey,therawdatafromthesurveydatacollectorisimported andprocessed.Asurfacecanbecreateddirectlyfromtheprocesseddata.
DEMImport
ThiscommandloadsDigitalElevationModel(DEM)dataintoasurface.DEMdata offersawaytocreatesurfacemodelswheredetailedsurveyaccuracyisnot required.
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TextImportWizard
TheTextImportWizardallowsyouimportsurfacedatainavarietyofASCII formats.TheTextImportWizardisflexiblebecauseyoucandescribetheformat ofthefilesyouareimporting.
ImportSurfaceFromGraphics
TheImportSurfaceFromGraphicscommandallowsyoutocreatesurfacesfrom 3DCADgraphics.Importingsurfacedatafromgraphicsisawidelyusedmethodof bringingsurfacedataintoInRoads.
LandXML
LandXMLisaspecializedXMLdatafileformatcontainingcivilengineeringand surveydatacommonlyusedinthelanddevelopmentandtransportation industries. TheLandXMLfileformatprovidesthefollowingcapabilities: Transferringengineeringdesigndatabetweenproducersand consumers Providingadataformatsuitableforlongtermdataarchival Providingastandardformatforelectronicdesignsubmission
SurfaceCreationandEditingisnottaughtinthiscourse.SurfaceCreationand
Editingstepbystepexercisesareavailableinothercourses.Pleasevisit www.bentley.com/LearningPathstoreviewtheseadditionaltrainingoptions.
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FeatureProperties
FeatureProperties
FeatureProperties
TheFeaturePropertiestoolisusedtoviewandeditthepropertiesoffeatures storedinthesurfacefile.Toaccessthefeaturepropertiestool,selectSurface> Feature>FeatureProperties. Alistofindividualfeaturesstoredinthesurfacearedisplayedinthedialogbox. Remember,allcoordinatepointsusedforasurfacemustbestoredasafeature.
FeatureName
Everyfeatureinasurfacehasaname.Eachfeaturenameinasurfacemustbe unique.Forexample,inasurfacetheremightbefouredgeofpavementfeatures, buttheycannotallhavethenameEOP.Therefore,thefeaturenamescouldbe calledEOP1,EOP2,EOP3,andEOP4. Eachfeaturehasanassociatedfeaturestyle,whichdescribeshowandwherea featurewilldisplay.Forexample,allfouredgeofpavementfeaturescouldhavea
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FeatureProperties
featurestylenamedExist_EOP.Allfouredgesofpavementwouldthenlookthe same,eventhoughtheirnamesaredifferent,becausetheyareusingthesame featurestyle.
Triangulation
Oneofthepropertiesofafeatureisthefeaturetype.Thefeaturetypecanbe Random,Breakline,Contour,InteriororExterior. Anothertriangulationpropertyiswhetherthefeatureisincludedinthe triangulatedmodel.WhentheExcludefromTriangulationoptionisselected, InRoadswillnotincludetheselectedfeaturewhenbuildingatriangulatedmodel. Acommonuseforthisisundergroundoroverheadutilities.Theutilitystillexists inthesurface,butitdoesnotaffectthetriangulationofthesurface.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto: Understandsurfacesandthetypesofdatathatdefinesasurface. Displaysurfacecontours,featuresandtriangles. Understandandusesurfaceproperties.
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SummaryandReview
Questions:
Beforecontinuing,letsreinforcewhatyouhavelearned. 1 TrueorFalse:AnInRoadssurfaceisarepresentationofthephysical terrain. True False
2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures. 1__________ 2__________ 3__________ 3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed. True False
4 TrueorFalse:NamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheStyleManager. True False
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SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 TrueorFalse:Asurfaceisarepresentationofthephysicalterrain. TrueAnInRoadssurfaceisadigitalterrainmodelofthephysicalterrain. Commonlyasurfaceiscreatedtomodeltheexistingororiginalground terrainandanothersurfacetomodeltheproposedordesignterrain. 2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures. Therearefivetypesofsurfacefeatures.Eachtypeofsurfacefeaturehasa specialbehaviorandpurpose. 1Random 2Breakline 3Contour 4Interior 5Exterior 3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed. TrueNamedsymbologydefinesthegraphicdisplaypropertiesforlinear, text,andpointelements.Oncedefined,elementsassociatedwiththe namedsymbologywillalwaysappearthesame.Namedsymbologyisa verypowerfultoolusedtomaintaindesignanddraftingstandards.Named symbologyisstoredinthe.xinpreferencefile. 4 TrueorFalse:NamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheStyleManager. FalseNamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheNamedSymbology Manager.However,thenamedsymbologydefinitionsarethenassociated withstylesdefinedusingtheStyleManager.Itisthestylethatis associatedwiththeelement.Boththenamedsymbologyandstyle definitionsarestoredinthe.xinpreferencefile.
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IntroductiontoGeometry
Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofGeometry.Wewilllearn aboutthestructureoftheGeometryProjectfile.Wewillimportahorizontal alignmentfromgraphicsandsetthestartingstationforthealignment.Wewill displaythehorizontalalignmentstationingandannotatethealignment.
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WhereAreWeintheBigPicture?
WhereAreWeintheBigPicture?
Atthispointintheprojectwehavedonethefollowing: SetuptheCADfile Setupprojectdefaults Analyzedtheexistingdata
Now,wearereadytocreategeometrieswhichwillinvolvethefollowingtasks: Createhorizontalgeometry. Createexistinggroundprofilesandcrosssections. Createverticalgeometry.
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Objectives
Objectives
LearnaboutGeometryProjects. Learnhowtodisplaygeometry. Createhorizontalalignmentsfromgraphics.
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Objectives
StartInRoadsorPowerInRoads 1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsicon orlaunchInRoads/PowerInRoadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentley menuchoices. TheFileOpendialogopens. OpenaCADFile 1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Introto Geometry\Practice\. 2 SelectthefileImportAlignmentGraphic.dgn,thenclickOpen. OpenthePreferenceFile 1 SelectthePreferencestabintheInRoadsExplorer. 2 VerifythatthepreferencefileBentleyTraining.xinisintheC:\Bentley Training\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\folder. Thepreferencefileshouldhaveautomaticallyopenedbecauseofthe ProjectDefaultspreviouslysetup.Ifso,skipthefollowingstepsand continuetothenexttopic(WhatisaGeometryProject?). Ifthefileisnotloaded,completethefollowingsteps. 3 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. 4 ChangetheFilesoftypetoPreferences(*.xin). 5 Browsetothe C:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\_Standards\folder. 6 SelectthefileBentleyTraining.xinandclickOpen. 7 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog.
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WhatisaGeometryProject?
WhatisaGeometryProject?
GeometryProject
TheGeometryProjectcontainsgeometryelements,whichincludecoordinate geometrypoints,horizontalalignments,andverticalalignments.Thefile extensionfortheGeometryProjectis.alg. Inadditiontothegeometryelements,theGeometryProjectalsostoresstationing informationforthealignmentsincludingthestartingstationandstation equations,aswellasimportantpointsalongthealignmentknownasEventPoints. EventPointsareamethodoflocatingimportantlocationsalonganalignment. Thesepointsareeitherbasedonastationandoffsetoronfixedcoordinates.The stationandoffsetmethodallowsthepointtomoveasthealignmentdefinitionis changed.Fixedcoordinateeventpointsdonotmovewhenthealignmentis changed.
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GeometryProjectStructure
AGeometryProjectissimilarinconcepttoadatabase.Itstoresandorganizes pointinformation.TheremaybeseveralGeometryProjectsopenedinInRoads, butonlyonecanreceiveinputatatime.ThisiscalledtheactiveGeometry Project. AgeometryprojectisorganizedintohierarchalcategoriesstartingwiththeCOGO pointbufferandhorizontalalignments.Onlyonealignmentcanbemanipulated withinaGeometryProjectatatime.Thisiscalledtheactivealignment. VerticalAlignments,andHorizontalAlignmentEventPoints,arestoredas childrenofthehorizontalalignments.Verticaleventpointsarechildrento verticalalignments. Asshowninthediagramabove,multiplehorizontalalignmentscanexistina GeometryProject.Eachhorizontalalignmentcanhavemultiplechildvertical alignments.Eachhorizontalalignmentmusthaveauniquename.Geometry namesarecasesensitive.
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OpeningFiles
OpeningFiles
OpeningaGeometryProjectReview
Toopenageometryproject,selectFile>Open.MorethanoneGeometryProject canbeloadedatatime.WhenyouselecttheGeometrytablocatedinthe bottomoftheWorkspaceBar,thenameofthegeometryprojectisvisibleinthe InRoadsExplorer.
ActiveGeometry
Likesurfaces,theactiveGeometryProjectisindicatedbyaredrectanglearound theicon.Thisconceptisextendedtothehorizontalandverticalalignments containedinthegeometryproject.Youcanonlyhaveoneactivehorizontal alignmentandoneactiveverticalalignmentatatime.Althoughyoucanview morethanonealignmentatatime,theactivehorizontalandverticalalignments aretheonlyonesthatcanbeedited.SomeInRoadstoolsonlyworkontheactive alignment,whileothersallowyoutoselecttheactivealignmentinthetooldialog box.
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WhatisaHorizontalAlignment?
WhatisaHorizontalAlignment?
HorizontalAlignments
Ahorizontalalignmentisaseriesoflinearelementsandcircularelements. Together,theelementsformanalignment.Ahorizontalalignmentisusedto definethingssuchasaroadcenterline,arightofwayline,andproperty boundaries.HorizontalalignmentsarestoredintheGeometryProject. AhorizontalalignmentisachildoftheGeometryproject.EachGeometryProject canhaveoneormanyhorizontalalignments.Thenameofeachhorizontal alignmentwithinaGeometryProjectmustbeunique. Alignmentscanbestationed.Whenahorizontalalignmentiscreated,stationingis automaticallyassigned.Thestationingstartsat0+00,butitcanbechangedtoany startingstation.Wewillseehowstationingisdefinedforanalignmentlaterinthis chapter.
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TypesofGeometry
TypesofGeometry
TypesofGeometry
GeometryProjectsandalignmentarecreatedusingtheFile>Newcommand.To creategeometry,selecttheGeometrytab.Thiscommandallocatesmemoryfora newgeometryprojectoralignment.YoumustcreateaGeometryProject, followedbycreatingaHorizontalAlignmentbeforeyoucancreategeometrydata. Thefirstoptiononthedialogboxdefinesthetypeofgeometrynamebeing created.TheoptionsincludeaGeometryProject,HorizontalAlignment,and VerticalAlignment. ThereisaparentchildrelationshipbetweenGeometryProjects,Horizontal Alignments,andVerticalAlignments.Whenahorizontalalignmentiscreated,it becomesachildoftheactivegeometryproject.Likewise,anewvertical alignmentbecomesachildoftheactivehorizontalalignment. EnteringadescriptionfortheGeometryProjectoralignmentisrecommended.It willhelpyouidentifywhichfiletouse,asyoumighthaveseveralfilesloadedat onetime.
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TypesofGeometry
Whencreatinghorizontalandverticalalignments,theStyleandCurveDefinition dialogboxfieldsareactivated.Thestyledefineshowthegeometrywillappear whendisplayedintheCADfile.Thecurvedefinitiondefineshowthehorizontalor verticalcurvesaredefinedmathematically. Therearemanywaystocreateandeditahorizontalalignment.Wewillcover someofthemostcommonlyusedmethodsinthiscourse.Inthislesson,wewill createahorizontalalignmentfromagraphicelementintheCADfile.Inalater lesson,welearntocreateandedithorizontalalignmentsusinghorizontalPIsand curves.Thereisalsoanoptionallessonthatintroducesyoutocreatinggeometry elements. GeometryiscreatedfromgraphicelementsusingtheFile>Import>Geometry command. Thetypesofgeometrythatcanbecreatedbyimportinggeometryfromgraphics include: HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment HorizontalandVerticalAlignment COGOPoints EventPoints
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TypesofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
TypesofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
TypeofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
Thetypesofgraphicelementsthatcanbeimportedare: Lines Linestrings Arcs Curvestrings(strokedusingchordheighttolerance) Shapes Complexlinestrings Complexshapesmadefromelementsinthislist BSplines(strokedusingchordheighttolerance)
Thegraphicalelementtypeslistedabovecanbeusedforhorizontalandvertical alignments.
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AlignmentIntegrity
AlignmentIntegrity
AlignmentIntegrity
Ifpossible,itisbesttoconnectthealignmentgraphicsintoasingleelement,such asacomplexchain,beforeimporting.Thisensuresthatallthelinesandcurvesget importedintoasinglehorizontalalignmentandthattheelementsarecontinuous. InRoadscanimportseparategraphicelementsandcombinethemintoasingle alignment;however,creatingacomplexchainaccomplishesthesameresults. Ifyouareimportinganalignmentcontainingnontangentialcirculararcsandthe alignmentwascreatedfromgraphics,youmayencounterrestrictionsifyoutryto editthealignment.
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ExerciseImportAlignmentfromGraphics
CreateaNewGeometryProject 1 SelectFile>New. 2 ClicktheGeometrytab. 3 EnterHemfieldfortheGeometryProjectname. 4 FortheDescription,enterHemfieldRoad. 5 ClickApply,thenclickClose. AnewGeometryProjectiscreated. ImporttheHorizontalAlignmentFromGraphics NowthataGeometryProjecthasbeencreated,thenewhorizontal alignmentwillbecreatedinthisGeometryProject.Thegraphicelement beingimportingisacomplexchain. 1 SelectFile>Import>Geometry. 2 EnsurethattheFromGraphicstabisselected. 3 EnsurethattheTypeissettoHorizontalAlignment.
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4 EnterHemfieldRdfortheNameandHemfieldRoadExistingAlignment fortheDescription. 5 SelectE_Road_PavementCLfortheStyle. 6 ClickApply. 7 Selecttheyellowelementontheleftintheview. Youcanselectanywhereonthegraphic;theresultingalignmentwillbe thesame.InRoadsreadsthegraphicinthedirectionitwasoriginally drawn. 8 ClickagainontheCADviewtoacceptthehighlightedgraphic. 9 Rightclicktoexitthegraphicselectionmode. Thenewalignmentiscreated. ReviewtheHorizontalAlignment 1 SelectGeometry>ReviewHorizontal. 2 Reviewthealignment. Noticethatthestartingstationis0+00[0+000]. 3 ClosetheReviewHorizontaldialog.
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Stationing
Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thebeginningstationis 0+00[0+000].Youcanassignadifferentbeginningstationusingthestationingtool (Geometry>HorizontalCurveSet>Stationing).Thisstationingcommand definestheactivealignmentsstartingstation.Allalignmentstationequationscan becreatedusingthistool.
ReviewHorizontalAlignment
Itishelpfultoreviewyourdesigngeometrically.Aquickwaytoreviewthe alignmentistorightclickonthehorizontalalignmentintheInRoadsExplorerand selectReview.Thiscommanddisplaysdetailedinformationaboutthehorizontal alignment.Thealignmentreportcanbeprinted,savedordisplayedintheCAD file.
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SaveGeometryProject
InRoadsdoesntautomaticallysaveadditionsormodificationstotheGeometry Projectfile.Anychangesarestoredinvirtualmemoryandarenotwrittentothe harddiskuntiltheFile>SaveAscommandisused.
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ExerciseDefineStationing
DefinetheBeginningStation 1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>Stationing. EnsurethatHemfieldRdisselectedfromtheHorizontalAlignmentlist. Bydefault,theactivehorizontalalignmentisselected. 2 Enter10+00[1+000]fortheStartingStation. 3 ClickApply,thenclickClose. ReviewtheHorizontalAlignment 1 SelectGeometry>ReviewHorizontal(orrightclickonthehorizontal alignmentintheInRoadsExplorerwindowandselectReview). Thealignmentreportappears. 2 SelectElementastheMode. NoticethatthefirstgraphicelementishighlightedintheCADviewand thereportislimitedtothatsingleelement. 3 ClickNexttostepthrougheachelementinthealignment. 4 Whenfinished,closetheReviewHorizontalAlignmentdialog.
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SavetheGeometryProject 1 SelectFile>SaveAs. 2 SelectGeometryProjects(*.alg)fromtheSaveasTypefield. 3 NavigatetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Introto Geometry\Practice\folder. 4 EnterHemfield.algastheFileName. 5 ClickSave,thenclickCancel.
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HorizontalAlignmentAnnotation
ViewStationing
HorizontalalignmentstationingisdisplayedintheCADfileusingtheGeometry> ViewGeometry>Stationingtool.Thistoolcontrolsthedisplayofstation annotationtextalongtheactivehorizontalalignment.Stationsareplacedalonga horizontalalignmentataspecifiedinterval.
TheGeometry>ViewGeometry>HorizontalAnnotationcommandisusedto annotateahorizontalalignmentwithcurveandtangentdata.Thiscommandis alsousedtoviewandannotateCOGOpoints.
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ActiveGeometryProject/HorizontalAlignmentReview
Remember,youcanopenorcreateseveralGeometryProjects.Onlyone GeometryProjectcanbeworkedonatatime.ThisiscalledtheactiveGeometry Project.IntheInRoadsExplorer,theactiveGeometryProjectisshownwithared boxsurroundingtheicons.Numeroushorizontalandverticalalignmentscanbe createdinasingleGeometryProject.JustlikeGeometryProjects,onlyone horizontalandverticalalignmentcanbeactiveatatime.Theactivealignments arealsoshownwitharedboxsurroundingtheicons.
RenameGeometry
TheRenameGeometryallowsyoutochangethenameofageometryprojectand anyofthechildrenofageometryproject,suchasthehorizontalalignmentand/ ortheverticalalignmentname.TheRenameGeometrycommandisalsousedto changethestyleofanalignment.
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Locate/GraphicSelectButton
Locate/GraphicSelectButton
TheTargetbuttonorGraphicSelectbuttonisavailableonmanydialogs.Itallows youtographicallyselecttheelementorpointsfromtheCADviewtodefinethe informationfromthatportionofthedialog.Forexample,youcouldgraphically picktwopointstodefinetheMaximumLengthofthetriangleleg.
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ExerciseViewHorizontalAnnotation
AnnotatetheHorizontalAlignment 1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>HorizontalAnnotation. TheViewHorizontalAnnotationdialogopens. 2 ClicktheGraphicSelectbuttontotherightoftheHorizontalAlignments Includefield. 3 SelecttheyellowelementontheleftintheCADview. Thenearestalignmentisfoundandhighlighted. 4 ClickanywhereintheCADViewtoAcceptthehighlightedalignment. TheHemfieldRdalignmentisaddedtothehorizontalalignmentlistinthe ViewHorizontalAnnotationdialog. 5 ClickApply,thenclickClose. ThealignmenttangentsandcurvesareannotatedbasedontheStyle associatedwiththealignment.
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ViewtheStationing 1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Stationing. Noticethattheactivealignment,HemfieldRd,appearsintheHorizontal Alignmentfield. Ifthecorrectalignmentwasnotalreadyactive,itcanbeselectedfromthe picklist. 2 ClickApplyandclickClose. ThestationingisdisplayedintheCADdrawing.
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GeometryViewOptions
GeometryViewOptions
GeometryViewOptions
TheViewGeometryOptionsallowyoutospecifywhichtypeofannotationis automaticallyupdatedwhengeometryismodified.Whenselected,InRoadswill automaticallyupdatethefollowingannotation: HorizontalElements VerticalElements ClosedAreas Stationing CurveSets VerticalChangeinPlan ViewRegressionPoints
Ifaspecifictypeofannotationisnotselected,annotationcanbemanually updatedusingtheviewannotationcommand.
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GeometryViewOptions
TheappearanceoftheannotationiscontrolledbyeachGeometry>View
commandspreferencesbyusingthealignmentsstyleandviewcommand preference.Forexample,youmayhaveanalignmentwithastylecalled DesignCenterline. Ifyoucheckedthatyouwanttoupdatethestationing,thenyoumustsaveaView stationpreferencecalledDesignCenterline.Ifsuchapreferenceisdefined,then InRoadsdisplaysandannotatesthestationingbaseduponthesettingsforDesign Centerline.InRoadsdoesnotlookatthesettingsforViewStationingthatarein memory.Thepreferencemustexistondiskorthesoftwaresilentlyskipsthe stationingannotation.
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ExerciseCreateAnotherAlignmentwithaDifferentStyle
ChangetheViewGeometryOptions 1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Options. 2 Makesureallthegeometryoptionsareselected. 3 ClickApply,thenclickClose. ImporttheHorizontalAlignmentFromGraphics 1 SelectFile>Import>Geometry. 2 EnsurethattheFromGraphicstabisselected. 3 EnsurethattheTypeissettoHorizontalAlignment. 4 EnterRoad2fortheNameandRoad2fortheDescription. 5 SelectP_COGO_MainCLfortheStyle. 6 ClickApply. 7 Selecttheredelementontherightintheview. Youcanselectanywhereonthegraphic;theresultingalignmentwillbe thesame.InRoadsreadsthegraphicinthedirectionitwasoriginally drawn.
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8 ClickagainanywhereontheCADviewtoacceptthehighlightedgraphic. Thenewalignmentiscreated. 9 Rightclicktoexitthegraphicselectionmode. 10 ClosetheImportGeometrydialog. ViewtheStationingandAnnotation 1 Deletetheredelementontheright. 2 IntheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheRoad2alignment,andselect View. NoticethattheStationingandAnnotationaredisplayedautomaticallyin theCADview. 3 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Stationing. 4 ClickPreferences. NoticethatapreferenceexistscalledP_COGO_MainCL,whichisthesame nameasthealignmentstyleforRoad2.Thestationingandannotationtext willalsoautomaticallyupdatewhenthealignmentismodified. 5 ClosethePreferencedialogandtheViewStationingdialog. ChangethestylefortheHemfieldRoadAlignment 1 SelectGeometry>RenameGeometry. 2 SettheTypetoHorizontalAlignment. 3 IntheFromareasettheGeometryProjecttoHemfield. 4 Inthealignmentlistinthecenterofthedialog,selectHemfieldRd. 5 IntheToarea,changetheStyletoP_COGO_MainCL. 6 ClickApply. AnAlertwilldisplayconfirmingyouwanttochangethegeometry. 7 ClickYes. 8 ClickClose. 9 OntheleftsideoftheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheHemfieldRd AlignmentandselectViewAllHorizontals.Thealignmentupdateswith thenewstyleandannotation. DeletetheRoad2Alignment 1 OnrightsideoftheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheRoad2alignment andselectDelete.
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2 Analertboxwilldisplay.ClickYes. 3 SavetheGeometryProjectbyselectingFile>Save>GeometryProject.
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TheProjectFile
TheProjectFile
TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultipleInRoadsdatafilesina singleoperation.UsingaProjectfileisveryhelpfulbecauseanentireprojectcan beloadedorsavedinasingleoperation.WithouttheuseofProjectfiles,loading orsavingaprojectinvolveskeepingtrackofmanyindividualfiles. BeforeaProjectfileiscreated,theindividualInRoadsdatafiles(Surfaces, GeometryProjects,TemplateLibraries,etc.)mustbeopenedorcreatedandsaved tothedisk.TheProjectfileisalistoftheindividualInRoadsdatafilestoloadand save.TheProjectfileitselfdoesnotcontainanyInRoadsdata.ItisanASCIIfile thatpointstothelocationoftheInRoadsfiles. TocreateanInRoadsProjectfile,selectFile>SaveAsfromtheInRoadsmenu. ThiswillbringuptheSaveAsdialog.OntheSaveAsdialog,selectOptions.This bringsuptheProjectoptionsdialog.TheProjectOptionsdialogisusedtoselect whichInRoadsdatafilestoaddtotheProjectfile. TheavailableInRoadsdatatypesareseparatedbytabs.Allcurrentlyloaded InRoadsdatafilesarelistedwhenatabisselected.ToincludeanInRoadsdatafile intheProjectfile,selecttheAddand/orUpdateboxnexttothedesiredInRoads
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TheProjectFile
datafile.TheAddoptionindicatesthattheProjectfilewillopenthefile.The UpdateoptionindicatesthattheProjectfilewillsavethefile. ToopenanexistingProjectfile(*.rwk),selecttheFile>Opencommandand selectProjectastheFilesofType.BrowseandselecttheProjectfile(.rwk)and clickOK.ThiswillopenallInRoadsfileslistedintheProjectfile. TosavealldatafilesinaProjectfile,selecttheFile>Save>Projectcommand. ThiswillsavetheactualInRoadsdatafileswhentheUpdateoptionisselected.
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ExerciseCreateaProjectFile
ExerciseCreateaProjectFile
CreateaProjectFile 1 SelectFile>SaveAs. 2 SetSaveasTypetoProjects(*.rwk). 3 ClickOptions. Bydefault,theProjectOptionsdialogopenstotheSurfacestab. 4 SelecttheGeometryProjecttab. 5 SelecttheAddandUpdateoptionsnexttotheGeometryProjectnamed HemfieldandclickOK. 6 NavigatetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Introto Geometry\Practice\folder. 7 EnterPracticeIntrotoGeometry.rwkastheFileName. 8 ClickSaveandthenCancel. 9 ExittheCADsoftware.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto: UnderstandanduseGeometryProjects. Displaygeometry. Createhorizontalalignmentsfromgraphics.
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SummaryandReview
Questions:
Beforecontinuing,letsreinforcewhatyouhavelearned. 1 ThefileextensionforanInRoadsGeometryProjectis: A.xin B.alg C.dtm D.rwk 2 TrueorFalse:Analignmentnamemustbedefinedbeforeanyalignment elementsorpointscanbedefined. True False
3 Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thebeginningstationis ____. A0+00[0+000] B10+00[1+000] C20+00[2+000] D12+23[1+223] 4 TrueorFalse:TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultiple InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation. True False
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SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 ThefileextensionforanInRoadsGeometryProjectis. B.alg 2 TrueorFalse:Analignmentnamemustbedefinedbeforeanyalignment elementsorpointscanbedefined. TrueYoumustcreateanalignmentnamebeforeanygeometryelements canbedefined.Thegeometrynameiscreatedintheactivegeometry projectbutitisnotsavedtotheharddriveautomatically.Youmustsave thegeometryprojectusingtheFile>SaveAscommand. 3 Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thestartingstationis ____. A0+00[0+000]Allhorizontalalignmentsbeginatstation0+00[0+000] bydefault.ThestartingstationcanbechangedwiththeGeometry> HorizontalCurveSet>Stationingtool. 4 TrueorFalse:TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultiple InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation. TrueTheProjectfile(.rwk)isaconvenientmethodofopeningandsaving multipledatafilesinasingleoperation.TheProjectfileiscreatedwiththe File>SaveAscommand.
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RoadwayDesignerOverview
ThismoduleprovidesanintroductiontotheTemplatedefinitionandRoadway Designerprocess.Havingageneralunderstandingofhowthesetoolsfunction makesiteasiertolearnthedetailsofthetoolsinthefollowingtrainingmodules.
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Objectives
Objectives
Inthislessonwewill
Learnabouttemplateconceptsandhowtoapplytemplatesusingthe RoadwayDesigner. Assembleatemplatefromcomponentsusingthedraganddrop workflow. CreateamodeloftheroadwayusingtheRoadwayDesignercommand.
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Objectives
StartMicroStationandInRoadsorPowerInRoads 1 DoubleclicktheInRoads/PowerInRoadsshortcut orlaunchInRoads/PowerInRoadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentley menuchoices. TheFileOpendialogopens. OpenaCADFile 1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Roadway DesignerOverview\Practice\. 2 SelectthefileSR2067Bypass.dgn,thenclickOpen. OpenProjectFile 1 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu. TheOpendialogopens. 2 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Roadway DesignerOverview\Practice\. 3 SelectthefilePracticeRoadwayDesignerOverview.rwk,thenclickOpen. 4 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog. 5 Verifythatthefollowingfileswereopened: PreferenceFile: C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\_Standards\BentleyTraining.xin
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads ExistingSurface: Fundamentals\_CommonReferences\SR2067 BypassExistingGround.dtm GeometryProject: SR2067Bypass.alg TemplateLibrary: TemplateStandards.itl RoadwayDesign: SR2067Bypass.ird
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Templates
Templates
Aftertheproposedalignmentsandexistinggroundsurfacehavebeencreated,a modeloftheproposedroadwaydesignisgeneratedbyassemblingproject templatesandapplyingthemtotheprojectusingtheRoadwayDesigner. Templatesarecrosssectionviewsofthetypicalsectionsusedtocreatethe proposeddesign. IndividualtemplatesarecreatedandstoredintheTemplateLibraryFile,which hasthefileextension.itl. Thetemplatelibrarycanbesharedbymanypeople,butitmustbeaccessedas readonlywhenitisbeingshared.Usuallyaprojectspecifictemplatelibraryis createdforeachprojectandtheappropriatetemplatesarecopiedtothatlibrary sotheycanbemodifiedtomeetthespecificneedsoftheproject.
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ApplyingTemplates
ApplyingTemplates
Templatesareusedtocreateaproposedmodeloftheroadway.Thisis accomplishedusingtheRoadwayDesigner.IntheRoadwayDesigner,templates areassignedtospecificstationsalongthemainlinealignmentatspecificintervals, whicharecalledtemplatedrops. TheRoadwayDesignerconnectsthepointsofthetemplatedrops,forminga modeloftheroadway,whichismadeintoasurfacemodel.Theconnected templatepointsformlongitudinalbreaklinefeaturesinthesurfacemodel.
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TemplatesSurfaceModels
TemplatesSurfaceModels
OnlythetoppointsinthesurfacemodelgeneratedbytheRoadwayDesignerare triangulated. AllsubsurfacepointsthatarelowerthanthetriangulatedsurfaceareExclude fromTriangulationpointsintheproposedsurface.Thesubsurfaceswillappear,if desired,intheproposedcrosssectionsascomponents.Componentsareused forvolumecalculations.
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CreateTemplateDialog
CreateTemplateDialog
Tocreateoreditatemplatelibrary,selectModeler>CreateTemplate.Thisopens theCreateTemplatedialog,whichistheprimaryplacewheretemplatesare createdandedited.Thisisalsowheretemplatesarecopiedfromastandard templatelibrarytoaprojecttemplatelibraryusingTools>TemplateLibrary Organizer.
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TemplateNames
TemplateNames
OntheleftsideofthedialogistheTemplateLibraryarea,whichcontainsa Windowslikefolderstructure.Therootfolderisthenameandlocationofthe templatelibrarythatiscurrentlyopen.Onlyonetemplatelibrarymaybeopenat atime. Tonavigatethefolderstructure,doubleclickthefoldersyouwanttoopenor close.Insideanyfolderyoucancreateandorganizeyourtemplatesandsub folders.Theorganizationofthefolderstructureisuserdefinable.Thefolder structurealsosupportscommonWindowsfunctions,suchasdraganddrop,cut andpaste,etc. Mostcommonlyusedcommandscanbeaccessedbyrightclickingonthefolder andtemplatenames.Ifyoudoubleclickatemplatename,itbecomestheCurrent Templateandissignifiedbyaredboxaroundthetemplateicon.TheCurrent TemplateisalsoidentifiedintheCurrentTemplateareanexttotheTemplate Libraryarea.AtemplatemustbetheCurrentTemplateinordertobeassembled oredited.
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CurrentTemplateWindow
CurrentTemplateWindow
InthecenteroftheCreateTemplatedialogisthemaingraphforcreating templates.ThegraphiscalledtheCurrentTemplatewindow.TheCurrent TemplatewindowusesitsowngraphicsengineandisnotaviewfromtheCAD file.Thescaleofthegraphisdynamicandchangesasyouzoominandout. ThecenterpointoftheCurrentTemplatewindowismarkedbythedynamic origin,whichisamagentacoloredbox.Thedynamicoriginisareferencepoint andcanbemovedtoanylocationinthegraph. Atthebottomofthegrapharenumerousviewcommandswhichallowyouto manipulatetheviewofthetemplate.TheseoperatesimilartoCADfileview commands.Ifyourmousehasascrollwheel,itcanbeusedtopanandzoom.The twobuttonswiththeleftandrightscrolliconsareusedtoundoandredo templatecreationoperations.CTRLZwillundoyourlasteditorcreation.
Inthegraphareayoucanrightclicktoaccessadditionalcommandsandyou
candoubleclickelementsinthegraphforeditingpurposes.
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TemplatePreviewWindow
TemplatePreviewWindow
Whenyouhighlight(clickon)atemplate,thetemplateisdisplayedinthePreview area,whichislocatedundertheTemplateLibraryarea. Youcanusethepreviewtoassembletemplatesfromtheirpartsorcomponents, usingdraganddrop. Thecyancoloredboxinthepreviewrepresentstheinsertionpointforanydrag anddropoperation.Youcanchangetheinsertionpointlocationbyclickingthe desiredinsertionpointonthepreview.
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DynamicSettings
DynamicSettings
TheDynamicSettingsdialogisusedforprecisioninputofthetemplate componentsandforassigningpointnamesandstyleswhencreatingcomponents. Italsoservesasacompassforthelocationofyourcursorwithrespecttothe dynamicorigin.ThedynamicorigincanbemovedusingSetDynamicOrigin, locatedatthebottomoftheDynamicSettingsdialog. TheDynamicSettingsdialogisaccessedbyselectingTools>DynamicSettingsor usingtheviewcontroliconslocatedbelowtheCurrentTemplatewindow. TheKeyinpulldownspecifiesthetypeofkeyintobeperformed. XY=absolutecoordinates DL=deltacoordinatesfromlastpointplaced(defaultstothedynamic originifitisthefirstpointofacomponent) HS=horizontaldeltadistanceandslopefromlastpointplaced VS=verticaldeltadistanceandslopefromlastpointplaced OL=deltacoordinatesfromdynamicorigin OS=horizontaldeltadistanceandslopefromdynamicorigin
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Components
Components
Componentsarelogicalpartsofatemplate.Portionsofthetemplatethatare separatedintocomponentsarenormallybasedontabulationconsiderations. Examplesofcomponentsincludecurbandgutter,medianbarrier,pavement layers,cutandfillslopes,andditches. Componentsarenormallykeptinaseparatefolderinthetemplatelibrary.They areusedtoassemblecompletetemplates,bydragginganddroppingthe componentstotheCurrentTemplatewindow.Whenconnectingtwo components,theconnectingpointchangestoawhiteplussignpriortoplacing thecomponent.Thisistheindicationthatthepointscoincide.Whenthe componentsareconnectedtogether,usingdraganddropfromthetemplate libraryfolders,anycoincidentcomponentpointswillusethepointnameofthe previouslyplacedcomponent.Templatepointnamescanbeeditedanytime duringthecreationprocess.
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Components
Componentsarenormallycreatedwithpointnamesthatarenotspecifictothe leftorrightsideoftheroadway.Whentheyareusedtocreatecompleted templates,prefixesandsuffixestothetemplatepointscanbeautomatically addedduringcomponentplacement.Prefixesandsuffixesarecontrolledusing Tools>OptionsintheCreateTemplatedialogandcanbesetandclearedinthe DynamicSettingsdialogduringplacementusingtheApplyAffixescheckbox.
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MergingComponents
MergingComponents
Whencombiningtwocomponentsofapavementsectiontogether,twoseparate componentsareproducedwithaverticalsegmentdividingthem.Toremovethe verticalsegmentandmergethetwocomponentsintoone,positionthecursor overtheverticalsegmentandrightclick.ThenselectMergeComponents.
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BasicTemplateCreationWorkflow
BasicTemplateCreationWorkflow
OpenanexistingtemplatelibrarybyselectingFile>Open. SelectModeler>CreateTemplate.ThisbringsuptheCreateTemplate dialog. Navigatetotheappropriatefolderinthetemplatelibraryfolderstructureand selectFile>New>Template. Namethenewtemplate. Navigatetowherethecomponentsarestoredinthetemplatelibraryfolder structure,anddraganddropthecomponentstotheCurrentTemplate window. Ifnecessary,mergecomponentstogetherbyrightclickingonthevertical segmentbetweentwocomponentsandselectingMergeComponents. SelecttheDisplayPointNamesradiobuttonintheDisplayareaoftheCreate Templatedialogbox. Reviewthepointnamesandeditthem,ifneeded,bydoubleclickingonthe pointsintheCurrentTemplatewindow. SelectFile>Savetosavethetemplatelibrary.
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ExerciseCreatingaTemplatefromComponents
Continuingwiththefilesfromthepreviouspracticeexercise. CreateaTemplateName 1 SelectModeler>CreateTemplate. 2 Doubleclicktherootfolder. 3 SelectthefoldernamedTemplatesintheCreateTemplatesdialog. 4 RightclicktheTemplatesfolder,thenselectNew>Template. 5 RenamethenewtemplateTwoLane. 6 SelectTools>DynamicSettingsfromtheCreateTemplatedialog. 7 Type0.1inbothXStepandYStepfields. 8 SelectTools>Options. 9 SelecttheApplyAffixescheckbox. 10 TypethefollowinginthePrefixfields: LeftPrefix:LT_ RightPrefix:RT_
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11 ClickOK. TheApplyAffixesisautomaticallyselectedontheDynamicSettings dialog. DefineRightsideofTemplate 1 DoubleclicktheComponentsfolder. 2 DraganddropthecomponentnamedTwoLanew/shouldersfromthe ComponentsfoldertotheoriginoftheActiveTemplatewindow(marked byamagentacoloredbox).
HINTWatchthecoordinatesintheupperleftportionoftheDynamic
SettingsdialoganddroptheTwoLanew/shoulderscomponentatthe coordinates0,0. DefineLeftsideofTemplate NextwewillplacetheTwoLanew/shoulderstemplateagainbutweneed areflectionofthetemplate. 1 AsyoudragthecomponentnamedTwoLanew/shouldersintothe templatewindow,Rightclick(youarestillholdingdowntheleftmouse buttonwhenyourightclick). 2 ReleasetheleftmousebuttonandselectReflect. 3 Movethetemplatetothe0,0coordinates.
Noticetheexistingconnectionturnswhitewhenyouareinthecorrect
location. 4 Clicktoplacethetemplate. Youshouldnowhavebothsidesofatwolaneroadwaycreated.
Ifyoumakeamistake,useCTRLZtoundo.
5 SelectFit. DefineCurbandGutter Thistimewewanttoplaceboththeleftandrightcurbatthesametime usingthemirrorfunction. 1 AsyoudragthecomponentnamedConcreteCurb&Gutterintothe templatewindow,Rightclickwhile(youarestillholdingdowntheleft mousebuttonwhenyourightclick). 2 ReleasetheleftmousebuttonandselectMirror.
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3 RightclickagainandcleartheReflectcheckmark. 4 Placethecomponentattheedgeoftherightshoulderpoint. Thecurbandguttersectionisplacedonboththeleftandrightsidesofthe template. DefineEndConditions 1 DoubleclicktheEndConditionsfolder. 2 DraganddroptheendconditioncomponentnamedSimpleCutandFill. 3 Placethecomponentatthebackofcurbpointontherightside. 4 SelectFit. MergeComponents 1 Rightclickontheverticalsegmentsbetweenthepavementsboxes (yellow)inthecenter,thenselectMergeComponents. 2 Rightclickontheverticalsegmentsbetweenthebaseboxes(orange)in thecenter,thenselectMergeComponents. Yourtemplateshouldlooklikethis:
SavetheTemplateLibrary 1 SelectFile>SavefromtheCreateTemplatedialogtosavethetemplate library. 2 ClosetheCreateTemplatedialog.
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RoadwayDesigner
RoadwayDesigner
Afterthetemplatesarecreated,theyareappliedusingtheRoadwayDesigner. TheRoadwayDesignercombinesalignments,surfaces,andtemplatestocreatea modeloftheproposedroadway.Itisalsowheresuperelevationiscreatedand appliedtothedesign. TocreateandeditRoadwayDesigns,selectModeler>RoadwayDesigner.This bringsuptheRoadwayDesignerdialog. ThedatayouinputintoRoadwayDesignerissavedintheRoadwayDesignfile, whichhastheextension.ird(InRoadsRoadwayDesign).
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RoadwayDesignerDialog
RoadwayDesignerDialog
TheRoadwayDesignerdialoghasthreewindowviewingareas,representingthe plan,profile,andcrosssectionviewsofthedesign. Theseviewsusetheirowngraphicsengine,liketheCreateTemplatedialog,and arenotCADfileviews.Theviewsshowonlywhatisrelatedtothedesign,not whatisdisplayedintheCADfile.Thecontentofeachwindowiscontrolledbythe activeCorridorselectionandActiveSurfacesettings. TheRoadwayDesignerdialogisresizable.EachwindowintheRoadwayDesigner canalsobeindividuallyresized.
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RoadwayDesignerPlanViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerPlanViewWindow
ThePlanViewwindowislocatedintheupperleftcorneroftheRoadway Designerdialog.Althoughitlookslikeastandardview,thePlanViewwindow doesnotdisplaythegraphicsintheCADfile.NothavingtheCADgraphics displayedallowsyoutofocusonthedesigndataonly. Templatedropsaredisplayedasshortbrownlines.Atemplatedropisthelocation whereanewtemplatebegins.ThePlanwindowislinkedtotheotherwindowsin RoadwayDesignerviastationpositioningofthedesign.Thestationpositionis shownasthelongeryellowline. Othergraphicsinthiswindowincludethecorridorcenterline,originalground surfaceperimeter,andcutfilllines.Asweincreasethecomplexityofthedesign, othergraphicindicatorsappearinthewindow.Mouseovertipsareavailableand viewcontrolsarelocatedonthebottomofalloftheRoadwayDesignersview windows.
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RoadwayDesignerProfileViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerProfileViewWindow
TheProfileViewwindowislocatedinthelowerleftcorneroftheRoadway Designerdialog. ItdisplaystheOriginalgroundsurfacelineandthecorridorsverticalalignment.It isalsolinkedtothestationpositionofthedesignandthatlocationisshownasa verticalyellowline.ThescaleoftheProfileViewwindowisdynamicbasedonthe zoomcontrols.
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RoadwayDesignerCrossSectionViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerCrossSectionViewWindow
TheCrossSectionViewwindowislocatedontherightsideoftheRoadway Designerdialog. ItdisplaystheActivesurfaceline,(typically,existingground)andthetemplatesas theyareappliedtothedesign.Thiswindowwillbeaprimaryareaforreviewing thedesign. Additionaldisplaysettingscanbeappliedbyrightclickingonthewindow.The scaleoftheCrossSectionViewwindowisdynamicbasedonthezoomcontrols. LocateddirectlybelowtheCrossSectionViewwindowisanareathatdisplaysthe stationcurrentlydisplayedandseveralbuttonsthatallowyoutostepthroughthe design,basedonstationing.
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RoadwayDesignerFundamentals
CorridorManagementCommand
ACorridorisadesignsectionofroadwaydefinedbythestationlimitsofthe mainlineshorizontalandverticalalignment.Acorridoriscreatedbyusing Corridor>CorridorManagement. TocreateaCorridor,nametheCorridor,selectahorizontalandverticalalignment, andoptionallysetthestationlimitsoftheproject.Asingleroadwaydesignfile (.ird)canstoremultiplecorridorsforaproject.Thesurfacesymbologyisalso specifiedwhenacorridoriscreated.Thesymbologyisusedtosetthesurface crosssectionandprofilesymbologieswhenanindividualsurfaceiscreatedfrom thecorridor. The.irdfilecanonlybeopenedbyoneuseratatime. Thenextstepistoassigntemplatestothecorridor,usingtheCorridor>Template Dropscommand.
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TemplateDropsCommand
TemplateDropsassignpreviouslycreatedtemplatestospecificstationsinthe corridor.TheXY=0,0pointonthetemplatetracksonthecorridorshorizontal andverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedroadway. Tocreatetemplatedrops,selecttheappropriatetemplatefromthetemplate library,thestationwherethetemplateisapplied,andthemodelinginterval.The finalresultisastationandtemplatelist.
CreateSurfaceCommand
CreateSurfacecombinesthecorridorandtemplatedropsdatatocreateasurface modeloftheproposedroadwaydesign.Thiscreatesasurfaceconsistingofthe topsurfaceoftheroadwaydesignandthesubgradecomponents,whichare ExcludefromTriangulationpointsandchildrenofthetopsurface.Components canbedisplayedincrosssectionsandusedforvolumecalculations.
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BasicRoadwayDesignerWorkflow
Openthegeometryproject,originalgroundsurface(existingground),and templatelibraryusingFile>Open. SelectModeler>RoadwayDesigner. Loadthetemplatelibrary. SelectFile>NewfromtheRoadwayDesignerdialogandenterthenameof thenewroadwaydesignfile(.ird).Touseanexistingroadwaydesignfile, selectFile>Open. SelectCorridor>CorridorManagement. Namethenewcorridorandselecttheappropriatehorizontalandvertical alignments. SelectCorridor>TemplateDrops. Selecttheappropriatetemplateandassociatedstationtoapplythattemplate. Repeatfortemplatechangesalongthealignment.
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ClickProcessAllintheRoadwayDesignerdialog. UsetheRoadwayDesigner sviewwindowstoreviewthedesign. SelectCorridor>CreateSurfaceandenterthenameoftheproposedsurface. SelectFile>SavefromtheRoadwayDesignerdialogtosavetheroadway designfile. SelectFile>Save>Surfacetosavethedesignsurface.
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ExerciseCreateaRoadwayDesign
Continueusingthefilesusedinthepreviouspracticeactivity. CreateaNewCorridor 1 SelectModeler>RoadwayDesigner. 2 SelectCorridor>CorridorManagement. 3 TypeSR2067RelocationintheNamefield. 4 ClickAdd,thenClose. CreateTemplateDrops 1 SelectCorridor>TemplateDrops. 2 DoubleclicktheRootfolder. 3 DoubleclicktheTemplatesfolder. 4 SelectthetemplatenamedTwoLane. 5 ClickAdd,thenClose.
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ProcessAllandReview 1 ClicktheProcessAllbuttonlocatedinthelowerrightcornerofthe RoadwayDesignerdialog. 2 ClosetheResultsdialog. 3 ReviewthedesigninRoadwayDesigner. CreateProposedDesignSurface 1 SelectCorridor>CreateSurface. 2 IntheNamefield,typeFinished. 3 EnsurethatEmptyDesignSurfacecheckboxisselected. 4 ClickApply. 5 ClosetheResultsdialog. 6 ClosetheCreateSurfacedialog. ReviewtheDesignSurfaceFeatures 1 SelectSurface>Feature>FeatureProperties. 2 SelecttheFinishedsurfaceandreviewthelistoffeatures. 3 Whenfinished,closetheFeaturePropertiesdialog. SavetheRoadwayDesignandDesignSurface 1 SelectFile>Savetosavetheroadwaydesignfile. 2 ClosetheRoadwayDesignerdialogandreviewtheplanfeaturesinthe CADdrawing. 3 SavethesurfaceFinished.dtmtothefolderC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads Fundamentals\RoadwayDesignerOverview\Practice\. 4 ExittheCADsoftware.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto: Understandtemplateconceptsandhowtoapplytemplatesusingthe RoadwayDesigner. Assembleatemplatefromcomponentsusingthedraganddrop workflow. CreateamodeloftheroadwayusingtheRoadwayDesignercommand.
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SummaryandReview
Questions:
Beforecontinuing,letsreinforcewhatyouhavelearned. 1 Arepointsinatemplate(topsurfaceandsubsurface)includedinasingle resultingdesignDTM? Yes No
2 WhichmethodisusedtosetatemplateasactiveintheCreateTemplate dialog?(Selectallthatapply). ASelectthetemplatenamefromtheTemplatemenu. BDoubleclickonthetemplatenameintheTemplateLibrarylist. CRightclickonthetemplatenameintheTemplateLibrarylistand selectSetActive. 3 TrueorFalse:Thetemplatepreviewwindowalwaysshowsthesame templateastheeditingwindow. True False
4 TrueorFalse:The0,0positiononthetemplatewilltrackonthecorridors horizontalandverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedcorridor. True False
5 Cantheresultsoftheroadwaymodel(pavementlayers,sideslopes,etc.) bereviewedwithoutprocessingtheentireproject? Yes No
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SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 Arepointsinatemplate(topsurfaceandsubsurface)includedinasingle resultingdesignDTM? YesAlltemplatepointsareincludedintheresultingdesignDTM. However,onlythetoppointsinthesurfacemodelgeneratedbythe RoadwayDesignerwillbetriangulated.Allsubsurfacepointsthatare lowerthanthetriangulatedsurfacewillbeExcludefromTriangulation pointsintheproposedDTM.Thesubsurfaceswillappear,ifdesired,inthe proposedcrosssectionsascomponents. 2 WhichmethodisusedtosetatemplateasactiveintheCreateTemplate dialog?(Selectallthatapply) BandCTosettheactivetemplate,eitherdoubleclickonthetemplate nameorrightclickonthetemplatenameandselectSetActivefromthe menu.Theactivetemplateisidentifiedbyaredboxaroundthetemplate icon. 3 TrueorFalse:Thetemplatepreviewwindowalwaysshowsthesame templateastheeditingwindow. FalseClickingonatemplatenameresultsinthattemplate/component displayinginthepreviewwindow.Thepreviewedtemplate/component canthenbedraggedontotheactivetemplatetocreatenewcomponents. 4 TrueorFalse:The0,0positiononthetemplatewilltrackonthecorridors horizontalandverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedcorridor. TrueThe0,0positiononthetemplatedefineswherethetemplatewill connecttothecorridorshorizontalandverticalalignment. 5 Cantheresultsoftheroadwaymodel(pavementlayers,sideslopes,etc.) bereviewedwithoutprocessingtheentireproject? YesYoucanreviewanystationlocationalongtheprojectwithout processingtheentireearthwork.TheRoadwayDesignerprocessesthe earthwork/crosssectionfortheselectedstationlocationinteractivelyasit isdisplayed.Anychangestothecorridorsettingswillimmediatelybe reflectedinthedisplayedcrosssection.
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RoadFundamentals UsingInRoads

Inthischapter,wewilllearnabouttheInRoadsfamilyofproductsandnavigate theInRoadsExplorertogether.WewillalsolearnhowtosetupanInRoads project.

InRoadsprovidesthefunctionalitytoaccomplishavarietyofprojectsthat include: Roadandcorridordesign Roadwidening Roadresurfacing Landfilldesign Sitedesign Residentialandcommerciallanddevelopment Rightofwayandpropertylayout

LaunchInRoadsorPowerInroadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentleymenu choices. or DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsShortcutcreatedonyourdesktop. or 1 StartMicroStation. 2 SelectApplications>InRoadsGroup>ActivateInRoads.

InRoadsusesCADfilestodisplayCADgraphics.TheCADfileusedbyInRoadsis referredtoastheWorkingfile.Thisfilecanbeascratchfileoritcanbeafinal plansheetfile.MostofthegraphicsdisplayedintheCADfilebyInRoadsare recognizedbyInRoadscommands.YoucaninteractwithInRoadsgraphicsusing theInRoadstools.

VerifyMicroStationWorkingUnits 1 SelectSettings>DesignFilefromtheMicroStationmenu. 2 IntheDGNFileSettingsdialog,selecttheWorkingUnitscategory. EnsurethatMasterUnitissettoUSSurveyFeet[Meters] 3 ClickOKtoclosetheDGNFileSettingsdialog. ReviewtheInRoadsWorkspaceBarTabs

Forexample,youcancreateasurfaceusingtheFile>Newcommandandnameit ExistingGround.WhenyousavethatsurfaceusingtheFile>Save>Surface command,youcansaveittoafilenamedSR1045_Existing.dtm.Whenyouopen thefileSR1045_Existing.dtm,allreferencestothatsurfaceintheInRoadsdialog boxeswouldbeExistingGround.

NOTE:IfyouareusingPowerInRoads,youcannotexitInRoadswhileleaving MicroStationopen.ClosebothapplicationsatthesametimebyclickingtheClose buttonontheupperrightoftheMicroStationscreen.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnhowtogetstartedsettingupanInRoadsproject.We willalsocreateaCADfilewhichwillbeusedbyInRoadstoproducegraphicsof theproject.

Inthislessonwewill... CreateaCADfiletobeusedforInRoadsgraphics LearnaboutProjectDefaults

StartInRoadsXM 1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsicon orlaunchInRoadsfromtheStart>Programs>Bentleymenuchoices. MicroStationappears. CreateaMicroStationFile 1 Setthedirectoryto C:\InRoadsTraining\InRoads101\Practice\PracticeLesson03\. 2 SelectFile>NewintheMicroStationManagerdialog.

5 SettheAttachmentMethodtoCoincidentWorld. 6 ClickOKtoattachthereference. 7 ClosetheReferencedialog. 8 FittheMicroStationviewtoseetheattachedreferencefile. 9 ExitInRoadsandMicroStation.

3 ProjectDefaultsarestoredinwhichtypeoffile? AGeometry(.alg) BTemplateLibrary(.itl) CPreference(.xin) DRoadwayDesign(.ird) EWindowsregistry

2 TrueorFalse:InternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasaSurveyFoot? FalseInternallyMicroStationstoreseverythingasameter. 3 ProjectDefaultsarestoredinwhichtypeoffile? EWindowsregistry

Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofSurfaces.Wewilldisplay thesurfacecontours,trianglesandfeaturesofaSurface.Wewillalsolearnabout thepropertiesofaSurface.

LoadaPreferenceSetandViewtheSurfaceContours 1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Contours. TheViewContoursdialogopens. 2 ClickPreferencesatthebottomofthedialog. 3 SelecttheExistingSurfacepreference. 4 ClickLoad. 5 ClickClosetoclosethePreferencesdialog. 6 ClickApply.

ExittheCADSoftware 1 ClosetheResultsdialog. 2 ClosetheSurfacePropertiesdialog. 3 ExittheCADsoftware.

featurestylenamedExist_EOP.Allfouredgesofpavementwouldthenlookthe same,eventhoughtheirnamesaredifferent,becausetheyareusingthesame featurestyle.

2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures. 1__________ 2__________ 3__________ 3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed. True False

4 TrueorFalse:NamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheStyleManager. True False

Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofGeometry.Wewilllearn aboutthestructureoftheGeometryProjectfile.Wewillimportahorizontal alignmentfromgraphicsandsetthestartingstationforthealignment.Wewill displaythehorizontalalignmentstationingandannotatethealignment.

Atthispointintheprojectwehavedonethefollowing: SetuptheCADfile Setupprojectdefaults Analyzedtheexistingdata

Now,wearereadytocreategeometrieswhichwillinvolvethefollowingtasks: Createhorizontalgeometry. Createexistinggroundprofilesandcrosssections. Createverticalgeometry.

SavetheGeometryProject 1 SelectFile>SaveAs. 2 SelectGeometryProjects(*.alg)fromtheSaveasTypefield. 3 NavigatetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoadsFundamentals\Introto Geometry\Practice\folder. 4 EnterHemfield.algastheFileName. 5 ClickSave,thenclickCancel.

TheTargetbuttonorGraphicSelectbuttonisavailableonmanydialogs.Itallows youtographicallyselecttheelementorpointsfromtheCADviewtodefinethe informationfromthatportionofthedialog.Forexample,youcouldgraphically picktwopointstodefinetheMaximumLengthofthetriangleleg.

ViewtheStationing 1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Stationing. Noticethattheactivealignment,HemfieldRd,appearsintheHorizontal Alignmentfield. Ifthecorrectalignmentwasnotalreadyactive,itcanbeselectedfromthe picklist. 2 ClickApplyandclickClose. ThestationingisdisplayedintheCADdrawing.

ThismoduleprovidesanintroductiontotheTemplatedefinitionandRoadway Designerprocess.Havingageneralunderstandingofhowthesetoolsfunction makesiteasiertolearnthedetailsofthetoolsinthefollowingtrainingmodules.

Tocreateoreditatemplatelibrary,selectModeler>CreateTemplate.Thisopens theCreateTemplatedialog,whichistheprimaryplacewheretemplatesare createdandedited.Thisisalsowheretemplatesarecopiedfromastandard templatelibrarytoaprojecttemplatelibraryusingTools>TemplateLibrary Organizer.

Whencombiningtwocomponentsofapavementsectiontogether,twoseparate componentsareproducedwithaverticalsegmentdividingthem.Toremovethe verticalsegmentandmergethetwocomponentsintoone,positionthecursor overtheverticalsegmentandrightclick.ThenselectMergeComponents.

11 ClickOK. TheApplyAffixesisautomaticallyselectedontheDynamicSettings dialog. DefineRightsideofTemplate 1 DoubleclicktheComponentsfolder. 2 DraganddropthecomponentnamedTwoLanew/shouldersfromthe ComponentsfoldertotheoriginoftheActiveTemplatewindow(marked byamagentacoloredbox).

SavetheTemplateLibrary 1 SelectFile>SavefromtheCreateTemplatedialogtosavethetemplate library. 2 ClosetheCreateTemplatedialog.

ClickProcessAllintheRoadwayDesignerdialog. UsetheRoadwayDesigner sviewwindowstoreviewthedesign. SelectCorridor>CreateSurfaceandenterthenameoftheproposedsurface. SelectFile>SavefromtheRoadwayDesignerdialogtosavetheroadway designfile. SelectFile>Save>Surfacetosavethedesignsurface.

4 TrueorFalse:The0,0positiononthetemplatewilltrackonthecorridors horizontalandverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedcorridor. True False

5 Cantheresultsoftheroadwaymodel(pavementlayers,sideslopes,etc.) bereviewedwithoutprocessingtheentireproject? Yes No

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2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures. 1 2 3__ 3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed. True False