NURSING MANAGEMENT COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable Disease-caused by a pathogenic microorganism from an infected person to a noninfected person through direct contact, a break in the skin integrity or any other means. Infectious Disease-characterized by the presence of microorganisms in the body which cannot be transmitted through ordinary means Contagious Disease-a disease that can easily be transmitted food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vector borne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis Common Causes of Infectious or Communicable Diseases 1.Bacterial invasion 2.Viruses 3.Fungal infection 4.Protozoan infection 5.Algae 6.Parasitic or Helminthic Usual Modes of Transmission of Infectious Diseases 1.Direct contact- may be transmitted from person to person, sexual intercourse orthrough blood 2.Respiratory droplets 3.Aerosol 4.Food and water-borne 5.Zoonotic- transmission from animals to man 6.Vertical- congenital syndromes and other perinatal infections

Epidemiologic Triad 1.Host-a man or other organism that harbors the infection. The host may be classifiedas a suspect, patient, carrier or contact. 2. Agent-an organism that causes the infection 3.Environment-a medium conducive to the growth and development of themicroorganisms and may be said as either symbiotic, commensalism or parasitic General Aspects of Care to Communicable Disease Patients 1.Preventive aspect-happens when a person is not yet infected with the disease butthe occurrence is likely and must be stopped. This can be carried out throughperformance of health education classes, immunization, environmental sanitationand proper ways of food handling and storage. 2.Control aspect-happens when a disease is already present but the spread is to belimited to the present infection rate. This can be done through isolation, disinfection,disinfestations and fumigation practices. 3.Isolation Precautions-instituted to isolate the infection and not the patient; alsoinstituted to protect other people from contracting the disease the patient may becarrying and also to protect an immunocompromised patient from any otherpathogenic organism that may bring about an infection. NURSES ROLE o Nutritious diet

Health screenings and immunizations-for all children, family members, and staff-are important to prevent the spread of diseases. take the same infection control precautions at all times with all people. daily infection control practices to prevent the spread of disease:
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Wash hands at proper times and with the proper technique. Use latex or vinyl gloves for contact with blood. Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces regularly. Prepare and handle food in a sanitary manner. Dispose of wastes properly. Provide fresh air and ventilation.

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Vaccination Isolation Envtl sanitation Antibiotics Avoid sharing personal items Early detection, initiation of treatment, isolation Good drinking water boiled Hydration vomiting dehydration Fever management
"Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough"

1)The personal belongings of the patient, that is, clothes, utensils, should be kept separately. (2) Safe drinking water - Keep the water at home in clean, covered containers. Boil the water for 10 minutes to ensure it becomes free of germs. Boil milk before using it. (3) Cover food - All food, even leftover scraps, vegetables, fruits, sweets, milk, etc. should be kept covered. (4) Wash fruits and vegetables before use Avoid eating and buying cut fruits, vegetables, etc. from the market, specially if left uncovered. (5) Wash all utensils before using them for storing food, milk or water. (6) Wash your hands before cooking food, before eating food and after using the toilet. (7) Keep the house and place of work well-ventilated in order to allow ad equate amount of sunlight and air to come in. (8) Avoid crowded places such as cinema houses, specially during an epidemic. (9) Maintain personal hygiene by having regular bath, keeping nails clean and cut short. Also, wash hair regularly. (10) Keep your house and surroundings clean- Do not let garbage accumulate, see that drains are clean and covered. See that all doors and windows have a wire mesh to prevent entry of flies and mosquitoes. Do not defecate in open, use a sanitary latrine. (11) Do not spit anywhere and everywhere. If you must cough, use a handkerchief to cover your nose and mouth. (12) Immunize children - All children should be given the proper vaccinations after birth in order to protect them from many disease 1)Consult the doctor immediately instead of waiting for the intensity of the disease to increase. (2) Follow the doctors advice, whatever medicines are prescribed should be given on time. (3) Give the patient a proper and balanced diet as advised by the doctor. (4) See that the patient takes adequate rest. (5) Keep the patients room clean. The patients clothes should be changed every day and may be given a sponge bath, if possible