www.ijape.

org InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013
226
DesignandRealizationofanIntelligent
Compositeswitch
XuexingWu
*1
,ShuguangLiu
2

SchoolofElectronicandInformationEng.XianPolytechnicUniversityXian,China
SchoolofElectronicandInformationEng.XianPolytechnicUniversityXian,China
*1
W_xuexing@163.com;
2
L_shuguang@yahoo.com

Abstract
This paper firstly introduced the working principle,
combination switch composite mode and implementation
method, and designs the hardware system without power
compensation by capacitor compound throw switch.
According to the contactor and power electronic devices
haveprobleminlowvoltagecompensationofreactivepower
independent problems in application, Design of a capacitor
switchingcompositeswitchitinordertoPICAsthecoreand
thethyristorandmagneticlatchingrelayparallelmainloop,
it can realize fault diagnosis, recovery and indication
function.
Keywords
Reactive Power Composition; Thyristor; Compositeswitch;
MagneticLatchingRelay
I nt r oduc t i on
Because transmission of reactive power in electric
network can lead to network loss and a reduction in
thevoltageoftheelectric,soalotofreactivepowerin
power grid transmission must make electricity
utilization rate is greatly reduced and seriously affect
the quality of power supply, It not only has a harmful
effect on the power generation, power supply and
power distribution, but also affect the system running
stabilityandeconomy.Itistheessentialmeanstomeet
the demand of power grid reactive power, which
Compensation devices of reactive power is in the
appropriatelocationinthegrid
[1]
.Parallellingcapacitor
is the method, which is adopted by reactive power
compensation, but it will produce the inrush current
andharmonicifyouparallelthecapacitordonothave
agoodtime,Sotheintelligentcompositeswitch
[2]
isthe
importantdevicetosolvethisproblem.Theintelligent
compositeswitch make full use of the advantages,
whichisPowerelectronicdevicesintheopenandshut
off under control and Without the arc and Small
magnetic keep contacts of relay contact resistance and
no loss. Its the basic principle is that when both the
sides of switch voltage is zero from zero passage
trigger conduction thyristor trigger circuit close the
brake, and pull in the magnetic hold relay, after the
Magnetic stick relay contacts closed and removal of
thyristortriggersignal,thuscompleteflowcapacitance
for free. First inflicts on thyristor trigger signal in the
brake process, and then breaking magnetic hold relay,
finally remove thyristor trigger signal, the thyristor to
complete brake process in the current zero and
capacitor dropped out of the running. Switched the
capacitor when voltage is zero at both ends of switch,
so thatit does produceflow. Itis noarc process when
magnetic relay contact current transferred to thyristor
In open circuit at the process, Because the switch
opened dose not have arc and contact burning loss,
which ensure intelligent compound switch has a long
electricallife..
Pr i nc i pl e of I nt el l i gent Composi t e-Sw i t c h
Inductive load absorb reactive power in power grid,
which reduce its output efficiency, we compensate
power factor through the method is that parallel
capacitor load at both ends. Assumes that the circuit
can be as a standard sine wave voltage and current,
Thevoltageandcurrentareuandi,Thecompensation
current is I1, after compensating current of I, The
power factor from
| cos
Increased to
1
cos|
, Can be
used to determine the required shunt capacitance
calculationformulaofC
[3]
:
t U u e sin 2 =
1
( )
q p
i i t
t t i
+ =
= =
| e
| e | e
sin cos 2
cos sin 2 sin 2
2
ThispaperissupportedbytheNationalNaturalScience
Foundation of China (No.: 51177115) and the Key
Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of
ShaanxiProvince(No.:2009ZKC0213)
InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013 www.ijape.org
227
CircuitofactivepowerPasfollows:
( ) ( ) ( )dt ui ui T uidt T P
T
q p
T
} }
+ = =
0 0
/ 1 / 1

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) t d t UI
t d t UI
e e | t
e e | t
t
t
}
}

+ =
2
0
2
0
2 sin sin 2 / 1
2 cos 1 cos 2 / 1

| cos UI =
3
Circuitreactivepowerisdefinedas:
| sin UI Q =
4
I U I I / cos cos
1 1
= = | |
5
Currentflowingthroughthecapacitor:
( )( ) CU u p
I I I
c
e | |
| |
= =
=
tan tan /
sin sin
1
1 1
6
( ) ( )( ) | | e tan tan /
1
2
= U P C
7
An Essent i al Par t of Mai n Ci r c ui t

FIG.1CIRCUITDIAGRAM

FIG.2MINIMUMSYSTEMOFSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTER
Structurediagramasshowninfigure1MicrochipPIC
seriesmicrocontrollerdsPIC33FJ64GP710isthemaster
control chip, which has a very high performance such
as high speed, high antiinterference, stable
performance, driving, low power consumption and so
on.Thissystemtoaccomplishmanyfunctionswhichis
the voltage detection and phase detection, zero
passage detection, operation instructions, and to keep
magneticrelayandthyristordrivecontrol.
Whenthemicrocontrollerreceivestheappealtosignal
throughthecontactvoltagezerocross
detection,asshowninfig.3,thezerocrossingdetection
circuit is Singlephase ac signal
[4]
,which According to
thevoltageofthevoltagecomparatortwoinputvalues
isthatturnthesinesignalintoasquarewavesignal,So
as to realize the function of zero crossing detection.
The circuit comprises by the transformer TRANS,
diode D1, voltage comparator LM393, optical coupling
PC817, capacitor C1 and five resistors. the power of
LM393adopttoonepowersupplyandterminal5VDC
voltage An input end of the optical coupler PC817
pullup resistor R4 is connected to 5V DC voltage,
another input end is connected to the output terminal
ofthevoltagecomparator,anoutputendisgrounded,
another output end of the pullup resistor R5 is
connected to 5V DC voltage, and the signal Uo to be
detected from the port. It through the singlechip
microcomputer to control pulse and the isolation
amplifier and in the zerocrossing triggering thyristor
conduction,andthenthroughtheintelligentjudgment
to make magnetic latching relay closed to realize
capacitor,aftercapacitanceintheportfolio,mostofthe
current flows through the magnetic latching relay
contacts, to achieve zero power consumption (pure
silicon controlled rectifier conduction loss of tens to
hundredsofWatts);whentheSCMreceivestosignalis
removed, the first trigger pulse to conduct thyristor,
andthendisconnectrelay,thelaststoppulsetocutthe
thyristoroffautomaticallyatthecurrentzero.

FIG.3ZEROPASSAGEDETECTIONCIRCUIT
Fig.4 is the schematic circuit of trigger circuit T and
siliconcontrolledmagneticrelayK,whereinBL8023is
a twoway relay driveintegrated circuit which is used
to control the relay operating magnetic, It has some
www.ijape.org InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013
228
characteristics that is large output current and low
staticpowerconsumptionitcanbeusedinthesmart
meter production industry and other use of this kind
of relay industry widely MOC3081 as the SCR trigger
circuitofintegratedchip.

FIG.4PRINCIPLEDIAGRAMOFHARDWARECIRCUIT
Fig.5isthesimulationwaveformofcompositeswitch
[5]
.
The graph (5a) is that voltage waveforms at the two
ends of the composite switch, graph (5b) is that
compositeswitchendsoftheoutputcurrentwaveform
and figure (5c) is that the control of composite switch
turnon and turnoff of the onoff timing diagram.
FromFig.5,thebrakeprocessforcurrentzerocrossing
pointsafterthevoltageacrossthecapacitortomaintain
supply voltage peak, so in the compound switch ends
of maximum voltage is two times of the power peak
voltage, Therefore, the voltage waveform simulation
Toprovidethereferenceforthyristorvoltageselection,
magneticrelaysandothercomponentsalsoittoensure
thereliableworkofcompositeswitch.

a)VOLTAGEWAVEFORM

b)THECURRENTWAVEFORM

c)SWITCHONOFFTIMINGDIAGRAM
FIG.5VOLTAGEZEROSWITCHINGANDZEROCURRENT
SWITCHING
The Sof t w ar e Desi gn
Fig.6 is control circuit and software flow chart. The
Procedures of Workflow is that To determine whether
the switching signal input, when it does not receive
switching signal it will enters the interrupt program
part; if not it will enter the main part of program, it
controlthecompensationloopclosingandopeningby
thethyristorandmagneticlatchingrelay.AtfirstMain
program completed initialization for voltage, phase
sequence and flag, and then to determine whether the
switching signal and switch state, according the
switching signal to cast or cut operation. when the
systemoccurfaultsitwillautomaticrepairthefaultsat
first,IfitUnabletoautomaticallyrepairswitchrefuses
to vote and so the indication, so as to form a closed
controlloop.

FIG.6SOFTWAREFLOWCHART

FIG.7WIRINGDIAGRAMOFCOMPOSITESWITCH
2
1
0
U
0 2 4 6 8 1 1
8
4
0
0
U
0 2 4 6 8 1 1
4
0
I
0 2 4 6 8 1 1
InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013 www.ijape.org
229
Appl i c at i on of Composi t e-Sw i t c h I n Low
Vol t age Reac t i ve Pow er Compensi t i on
According to the idle compensation method,
Compositeswitch connect with the a capacitor have
two method is that the compensation switch and a
complementary, Total compensation switch apply to
switching threephase capacitor, namely delta
connection capacitor power supply usually consists of
the same two winding transformer connected into a
triangular; subfill switch for switching singlephase
capacitor, is used in the Y connection, .the schematic
diagramshowninfig.7.
TABLE1COMPOSITESWITCHDATA
ICN/A UCN/KV IP/A UP/V UI/V
20 0.25 17.0 227.0 387.0
20 0.25 17.1 228.1 391.1
20 0.25 17.1 228.6 391.3
26.7 0.25 23.2 228.3 391.2
26.7 0.25 22.1 226.7 386.4
26.7 0.25 22.6 227.4 389.5
Note:ICNiscapacitorratedcurrent,UCNiscapacitorrated
voltage,IPissinglephasecurrent,UP/UIisphase/linevoltage
Inordertoverifythereliabilityofthecompositeswitch,
experiment adopt to selfhealing lowvoltage shunt
capacitor, the experimental data are shown in tab.1.
Heat from Microtek thyristor circuit is a small, the
system run safely and reliably, the experiment result
proves that the circuit works well and achieve
switchingrequirements.
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