Motion Along A Straight Line

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20
20
Motion along a
Straight Line
1. (a) Distance OA = 5 m
Distance OB = 2 m
(c)
(b) Displacement of A from O = 5 m

Displacement of B from O = 2 m
s0
t2 4t 0
t(t 4) 0
s
2. (a) Displacement after 5 seconds

= 52 + 3(5)
= 40 m
(b) Distance travelled in the first 4 seconds

= s4 s0
= [42 + 3(4)] (0)
= 28 m
0 t 4 is the time when the particle is on the

left of O.
(d) s 0
Based on diagram in (c),
t 4 is the time when the particle is on the right
of O.
(c) s5 s3
= [52 + 3(5)] [32 + 3(3)]
= 22 m
(d) Distance travelled during the 3rd second
= s3 s2
= [32 + 3(3)] [22 + 3(2)]
=8m
4. (a) s = t(t 4)
= t2 4t
3. (a) s = t2 4t
When s = 0,
t2 4t = 0
t(t 4) = 0
t = 0, 4
After 4 seconds, the particle returns to O.
s
5
(b) When s = 4,
4 = t2 4t
t2 4t + 4 = 0
(t 2)2 = 0
t=2
After 2 seconds, the particle is at 4 m on the left
of O.
t
2
4 5
(b) (i)
The furthest distance on the left is 4 m from

O.
(ii) Total distance travelled in the first 5 seconds

=24+5
= 13 m
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
(c) When t = 1,
v = 2(1) + 6
=8
Therefore, the particle is moving towards right.
(iii) The displacement after 5 seconds is 5 m on

the right of O.
(iv) The time when the particle passes through
O again is 4 s.
t 4 is the time interval when the particle
is on the right-hand side of O.
(v)
7. (a) s = 3t2 12t

ds
v =
dt
= 6t 12
5. (a) s = t2 9
t=0
A
(b) Initial velocity = 6(0) 12

= 12 m s1
Its direction of motion is towards left.
When t = 0, s = 9
OA = 9 m
(b)
(c)
s
t2 9
(t + 3)(t 3)
t
(c) When v = 0,
6t 12 = 0
t= 2
=0
=0
=0
= 3, t = 3 is ignored
Substitute t = 2 into s = 3t2 12t,

s = 3(2)2 12(2)
= 12 m
s0
t2 9 0
(t + 3)(t 3) 0
When the particle is instantaneous at rest, the time

is 2 s and the displacement is 12 m on the left of
O.
(d)
t
0 t 3 is the time interval when the particle

is on the left-hand side of O.
v 0
6t 12 0
t 2
The time interval is 0 t 2 when the particle
is moving towards left.
8. (a) v = t(t 4)
(d) s = 42 9
=7m
(e) s4 s3
= (42 9) (32 9)
=7m
(f) s = t2 9
s
4
7
(b) (i)
0
t
3
Minimum velocity is 4 m s1.
(ii) The time interval when the particle moves

towards left is 0 t 4.
(iii)
v dt =
(t2 4t) dt
t3 2t2 4
=
0
3
3
4
= 2(4)2 (0)
3
2 m
= 10
3
6. (a) v = 2t + 6
Initial velocity = 2(0) + 6
= 6 m s1
(b) When v = 10,
10 = 2t + 6
2t = 4
t=2
After 2 seconds passing through O, its velocity is
10 m s1.
Therefore, the distance travelled in the first

2 m.
4 seconds is 10
3
2
(f) v = 3t2 + 8t
9. (a) v = 3t2 + 8t
= (3t + 8t) dt
s = v dt
1
5
3
= t3 + 4t2 + c
When t = 0, s = 0
c=0
s = t3 + 4t2
1
5
3
(b) When v = 0,
3t2 + 8t = 0
t(3t + 8) = 0
8
t = 0,
3
8 3
10. (a) v = t3 4t
When v = 0,
t3 4t = 0
t(t2 4) = 0
t = 0, t2 = 4
t = 2, t = 2 is ignored
After 2 seconds, the particle stops instantaneously.
The time when the particle stops instantaneously

8 s.
for the second time is
3
(c)
v 0
3t2 + 8t 0
t(3t + 8) 0
v
(b) The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds

=
3
8
(3t2 + 8t) dt
0
(0)
2
(t3 4t) dt
t 4 2t2
v dt =
4
3
2
The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds

1
= 4 + 6
4
1 m
= 10
4
(e) The maximum distance of the particle is when

8.
v = 0, that is, t =
3
Maximum distance = t3 + 4t2
v dt
= t3 + 4t2 3
(c)
8 3+4
8
=
3
3
13
= 9 m
27
3 4 2(3)2
2 4 2(2)2
=
4
4
1
= 6 m
4
v dt =
t 4 2t2
=
4
0
4
2
= 2(2)2 (0)
4
= 4
v dt
8 3+4
8
=
3
3
13
= 9 m
27
v dt +
Time interval when the particle travelled in the

8.
right direction is 0 t
3
(d) Distance travelled =
v 0
t3 4t 0
t(t2 4) 0
From the graph,
0 t 2 is the time interval when the particle
is moving towards left.
(d) When t = 5,
Velocity, v = 53 4(5)
= 105 m s1
11. (a) s = t3 2t2 + t
ds
Velocity, v =
dt
= 3t2 4t + 1
dv
(b) Acceleration, a =
dt
= 6t 4
(c) When v = 0,
3t2 4t + 1 = 0
(3t 1)(t 1) = 0
1,1
t=
3
The acceleration of the particle when it stops at
second time
= 6(1) 4
= 2 m s2
(h) a = 6t 4
t
a
8
(d) When a = 8,
6t 4 = 8
t=2
The displacement when a = 8
= 23 2(2)2 + 2
= 2 m on the right of O
(i) Distance travelled in the first second

=
(e) Minimum velocity is when a = 0.

6t 4 = 0
4
t=
6
2
=
3
Minimum velocity
= 3t2 4t + 1
v dt +
v dt
v
1
2 24
2 +1
=3
3
3
1
1
=ms
3
v dt =
(3t2 4t + 1) dt
0
1
= t3 2t2 + t 3
0
(f) s = t3 2t2 + t
13
4 m
=
27
v dt = t3 2t2 + t 1
3
= [13 2(1)2 + 1]
4
= 0
27
4 m
=
27
t
1
(g) v = 3t2 4t + 1
= (3t 1)(t 1)
t
1 (0)
1 2+
2
3
3
13
Distance travelled in the first second

4
4 +
=
27
27
8 m
=
27
1
1 2+
2
3
3
13. (a) v = 6t 10
dv
a =
dt
a=6
12. (a) a = 6t
= 6t dt
v = a dt
= 3t2 + c
s = (6t 10) dt
(b) s = v dt
Given t = 0, v = 12,
c = 12
v = 3t2 + 12
s = 3t2 10t + c
Given t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
s = 3t2 10t
= (3t + 12) dt
(b) s = v dt
(c)
= t3 + 12t + c
s0
3t2 10t 0
t(3t 10) 0
Given t = 0, s = 0,
c=0
s = t3 + 12t
(c) (i)
Displacement = 13 + 12(1)
= 13 m on the right of O
(ii) Velocity = 3(1)2 + 12

= 15 m s1
Therefore, the time interval for the particle on the

10 .
left of O is 0 t
3
(d)
v0
6t 10 0
10
t
6
5
t
3
Therefore, the time interval when the particle is
5.
moving towards direction of left is 0 t
3
(iii) Acceleration = 6t
= 6(1)
= 6 m s2
(d) When v = 24,
3t2 + 12 = 24
3t2 = 12
t2 = 4
Acceleration when v = 24
=62
= 12 m s2
(e) (i)
t
10
(e) v = 0 when s is the maximum

6t 10 = 0
5
t=
3
Maximum displacement on the left
s = t3 + 12t
Distance travelled after 2 seconds
= 23 + 12(2)
= 32 m
5 2 10
5
=3
3
3
25
50
=
3
3
25 m
=
3
(ii) s2 = 32 m
s1 = 13 + 12(1)
= 13 m
Distance travelled during the second
second
= s2 s1
= 32 13
= 19 m
(f) Distance travelled from t = 3 to t = 5

5
v dt
=
(iii) s = t + 12t
= 43 + 12(4)
= 112 m
(6t 10) dt
= 3t2 10t
5
3
= [3(5)2 10(5)] [3(3)2 10(3)]

= 25 (3)
= 28 m
(g) (i)
(b) v = t2 8t 20, 0 t 10
v = 6t 10
v
v
(4, 14)
t
10
B
t
0
10
20
Total distance travelled in the first 10 seconds
Total distance travelled in the first 4

seconds
5 + 1 14
7
1 10
=
3
3
2
2
25
49
= +
3
3
74
=
3
=
=
10
v dt
0
10
(t2 8t 20) dt
1 t3 4t2 20t
=
3
10
0
10 4(10)2 20(10) (0)

=
3
2 m
= 266
3
Distance travelled in the first 10 seconds is
2 m.
266
3
74
3
Average speed =
4
1
= 6 m s1
6
Total displacement
(ii) Average velocity =
Time
8
=
4
= 2 m s1
2. (a) v = t2 + 3t + 4
At the point R, v
t2 + 3t + 4
t2 3t 4
(t 4)(t + 1)
t=4
=0
=0
=0
=0
After 4 seconds, the particle travels from point O

to point R.
1. (a) (i)
dv
(b) a =
dt
= 2t + 3
Minimum velocity is when a = 0,

2t 8 = 0
t=4
The acceleration at point R

= 2(4) + 3
= 5 m s2
= (2t 8) dt
v = a dt
(c) For maximum velocity,

a= 0
2t + 3 = 0
3
t=
2
Maximum velocity
= t2 8t + c
Given t = 0, v = 20
c = 20
v = t2 8t 20
3 2+3
3 +4
=
2
2
1
1
= 6 m s
4
Minimum velocity = 42 8(4) 20

= 36 m s1
(ii) v = t2 8t 20
when t = n, v = 0
n2 8n 20 = 0
(n 10)(n + 2) = 0
n = 10, n = 2 is ignored since
n is time
3. (a) v = t2 + 8t 7
(i) Initial velocity
= (0)2 + 8(0) 7
= 7 m s1
v0
t2 + 8t 7 0
(t + 1)(t 7) 0
(ii)
t
1
4. (a)
t3 + 4t2 7t 7
v dt =
3
1
73 + 4(7)2 7(7)
1 +47
=
3
3
= 36 m
dvQ
= 0,
vQ is minimum when
dt
4t 4 = 0
t=1
0
0
8
4
Therefore, the minimum velocity of Q

= 2(1)2 4(1) 16
= 18 m s1
Therefore, the time interval during which

the acceleration is negative is t 4.
(b) Particle Q stops at C,

vQ = 0
2t2 4t 16 = 0
t2 2t 8 = 0
(t 4)(t + 2) = 0
(b) v = t2 + 8t 7
= (t + 7)(t 1)
t
vQ = 2t2 4t 16
dvQ
= 4t 4
dt
Therefore, the time interval during which the

particle moves towards right is 1 t 7.
a
2t + 8
2t
t
1 + 36
Total distance travelled = 3
3
1 m
= 39
3
(iii)
1 + 4 7 (0)
=
3
1
= 3 m
3
vQ = 2t2 4t 16
v
sQ = (2t2 4t 16) dt
2 t3 2t2 16t + c
=
3
Given t = 0, SQ = 0, c = 0
2 t3 2t2 16t
sQ =
3
0 1
When t = 4,
2 (4)3 2(4)2 16(4)
BC =
3
1 m
= 53
3
(c) The total distance travelled during the first

7 seconds
=
v dt +
v dt =
v dt
1
AC = 60 53
3
2
= 6 m
3
(t2 + 8t 7) dt
t3 + 4t2 7t
=
3
1
0
(e) When s = 15,

3t2 12t = 15
3t2 12t 15 = 0
t2 4t 5 = 0
(t + 1)(t 5) = 0
(c) When Q at C, t = 4
Displacement of P = 4 3
= 12 m
Difference in distance between P and Q
2
= 12 6
3
1 m
= 5
3
The velocity = 6(5) 12

= 18 m s1
2. (a)
1. (a) s = 3t 12t
Displacement = s1 s0
= [3(1)2 12(1)] (0)
= 9 m
The distance travelled in the first second is 9 m.
(b)
B
sQ = t 2 8t
Substitute t = 5 into sP = t2 + 4t,

sp = 52 + 4(5)
= 45 m
The two particles meet after 5 seconds they pass

through A and B respectively and it is at 45 m on
the right of A.
t
4
(b) When Q reverses, vQ = 0

2t 8 = 0
t=4
Therefore, the time interval for the particle to be

on the left of O is 0 t 4.
Substitute t = 4 into sQ = t2 8t,

sQ = 42 8(4)
= 16 m
After 4 seconds particle Q passes through B, it
reverses its direction at a distance of 16 m on the
left of B.
(c) When the particle passes through O again, s = 0

3t2 12t = 0
3t(t 4) = 0
ds
v =
dt
= 6t 12
(c) Velocity of object P, vP = 2t + 4

When t = 4,
vP = 2(4) + 4
= 12 m s1
The velocity when the particle passes through O

again
= 6(4) 12
= 12 m s1
(d) sQ = t2 8t
(d) Maximum distance is when v = 0,

6t 12 = 0
t= 2
10
20
Displacement from O = 3(2)2 12(2)

= 12 m
Therefore, the maximum distance from O is

12 m.
20
60 m
sP = t2 + 4t, sQ = t2 8t
Assume P and Q meet at C after k seconds.
Distance travelled by P + Distance travelled by
Q = 60
(k2 + 4k) + (8k k2) = 60
12k = 60
k=5
s0
3t2 12t 0
3t(t 4) 0
sP = t 2 + 4t ,
t
8 10
(e)
vQ 0
Distance travelled during the first 2 seconds
2t 8 0
t4
v dt +
0 t 4 is the time interval for object Q moves

in the direction of left.
v dt =
v dt
(4t 3t2) dt
= 2t2 t3 3
3. (a) v = t(4 3t)

v = 4t 3t2
(0)
4 2
4
= 2
3
3
5
= 1 m
27
When the particle reverses, v = 0

4t 3t2 = 0
t(4 3t) = 0
4 , t = 0 is ignored
t=
3
Given v = 4t 3t2,
a = 4 6t
v dt = 2t2 t34
2
4 2
4
= [2(2)2 23] 2
3
3
5 m
= 1
27
4,
At t =
3
4
a=46
3
= 4 m s2
= 2t2 t3 + c
Given t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
s = 2t2 t3
(d) The average velocity in the first 2 seconds

Displacement
=
Time
When t = 1, s = 2(1)2 (1)3

=1m
When t = 2, s = 2(2)2 23
=0
Distance travelled during the first second is

1 m.
Therefore, the average velocity is 0 m s1.
(c) v = t(4 3t)

5 2
= 1
27
10 m
= 2
27
(b) s = (4t 3t2) dt
4. (a) v = t2 6t k
0
Given v = 0, when t = 3
0 = 32 6(3) k
k = 9
(b) v = t2 6t + 9
When t = 0, v = 9 m s1
The velocity at O is 9 m s1.
(c) Distance travelled during the third second

0
t
4
v dt
(t2 6t + 9) dt
t3 3t2 + 9t
=
3
3 3(3)2 + 9(3)
23 3(2)2 + 9(2)
=
3
3
1
=m
3
5. (a) (i)
= (2t 3) dt
v = a dt
= t2 3t + c
Given t = 0, v = 10, c = 10
v = t2 3t 10
5 + 3
5
6
6
2
= 49 m
3
6. (a) a = 10 m s2
v=
10
1
12
4
10 dt
v = 10t + c
Given t = 2, v = 15, c = 35
v = 10t 35
(i)
At point O, t = 0,
Its velocity = 10(0) 35
= 35 m s1
(ii) s = (10t 35) dt

s = 5t2 35t + c
Given t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
s = 5t2 35t
v
8
When v = 25,
10t 35 = 25
t =6
The displacement of the object

= 5(6)2 35(6)
= 30 m
= 30 m on the left of O
10
3 12
1
,
2
4
(ii) Distance from t = 0 to t = 5

5
=
v dt
= (t 3t 10) dt
0
3 t2 10t
t3
=
2
3
v = t 3t 10
= (t 5)(t + 2)
3 (5)2 10(5)
53

2
3
5
= 3 m
6
3 (6)2 10(6)
63
=
2
3
The range of time for particle to decelerate

3.
is 0 t
2
(b) (i)
v dt
3 23
3 10
=
2
2
9
9
= 10
2
4
1
= 12 m s1
4
a0
2t 3 0
3
t
2
3 t2 10t
t3
=
2
3
Minimum velocity = t2 3t 10
For minimum velocity, a = 0

2t 3 = 0
3
t=
2
(ii)
53
3 (5)2 10(5) (0)
=
3
2
5
= 45 m
6
Distance from t = 5 to t = 6
a = 2t 3
5
0
10
2. (a) s = t3 + pt2 + qt
Given s = 0, t = 3
(b) When the object reverses its direction, v = 0

10t 35 = 0
35
t =
10
7
t=
2
0 = 33 + p(3)2 + q(3)
9p + 3q + 27 = 0
3p + q + 9 = 0..........................
s = t3 + pt2 + qt
Given s = 6 when t = 1
s = 5t2 35t
7 2 35
7
=5
2
2
1 m
= 61
4
6 = 1 + p(1) + q(1)
p + q + 7 = 0 ...............................
, 2p + 2 = 0
p = 1
1 m.
The distance travelled is 61
4
Substitute p = 1 into ,
1 + q + 7 = 0
q = 6
(c) At O, s = 0
5t2 35t = 0
5t(t 7) = 0
t = 0, 7
Therefore, p = 1, q = 6
(b) s = t3 t2 6t
v = 3t2 2t 6
a = 6t 2
Velocity when the object at O again

= 10(7) 35
= 35 m s1
When a = 0,
6t 2 = 0
1
t=
3
1. (a) For sA = t t2
When t = 4, sA = 0
0 = 4 16
= 4
1 2
1
Velocity = 3 2 6
3
3
1
2
=6
3
3
19
=
3
1
= 6 m s1
3
(b) sA = 4t t2 ...................................
sB = t ............................................
When A and B meet,
sA = sB
4t t2 = t
t2 4t + t = 0
t2 3t = 0
t(t 3) = 0
t = 3, t = 0 is ignored as it is the starting
time
(c) sA = 4t t2
vA = 4 2t
3. (a) (i)
v = pt qt2
When t = 4, v = 0
0 = 4p 16q
p = 4q ..................................
a = p 2qt
Given a = 4 when t = 4
4 = p 2q(4)
4 = p 8q ........................
For sA to be maximum, vA = 0
4 2t = 0
t= 2
Substitute into ,
4 = 4q 8q
4 = 4q
q=1
Maximum displacement of A
= 4(2) 22
=4m
Substitute q = 1 into ,
p=4
Therefore, p = 4, q = 1
11
(ii) v = 4t t2
1 t3 + c
s = 2t2
3
When t = 0, s = 0
c=0
1 t3
s = 2t2
3
When at O again, s = 0
1 t3 = 0
2t2
3
1t =0
t2 2
3
1 t = 0, t = 0 is ignored
2
3
t= 6
When s = 0,
1 t3 =
2t2
3
1
2
t 2 t =
3
1t=
2
3
t=
0
0
6
For maximum s, v = 0
v = 4t t2
0 = 4t t2
t(4 t) = 0
t=4
(iii)
When t = 4,
1 (4)3
s = 2(4)2
3
32
=
3
6
32
Distance travelled from t = 0 to t = 4
1 (4)3 0
= 2(4)2
3
2 m
= 10
3
Distance travelled from t = 4 to t = 6
1 (6)3 2(4)2
1 (4)3
= 2(6)2
3
3
2
= 0 10
3
2
= 10
3
2 m
= 10
3
4. (a) When t = 0, vB = 02 4
= 4 cm s1
(b) vA = 0 for A turning back

4 + 6t 4t2 = 0
4t2 6t 4 = 0
2t2 3t 2 = 0
(2t + 1)(t 2) = 0
t2=0
1 is ignored
t = 2 s, t =
2
Total distance travelled in the first

6 seconds
2
= 2 10
3
32
= 2
3
64
=
3
1 m
= 21
3
(c) vA = 4 + 6t 4t2
4 t3 + c
sA = 4t + 3t2
3
When t = 0, sA = 0
c=0
4 t3
sA = 4t + 3t2
3
When t = 2,
4 (2)3
sA = 4(2) + 3(2)2
3
1 cm
= 9
3
1 t3
(b) s = 2t2
3
When t = 0, s = 0
t
4
12
Distance travelled from t = 2 to t = 3,
4 t3
v dt = 4t + 3t2
3
(b)
3
2
4 (3)3 9
1
= 4(3) + 3(3)
3
3
1
= 6 cm
3
1 + 6
1
3
3
2
= 15 cm
3
2
aA = aB
4 = 10 + 6t
6t = 6
t= 1 s
(c) sA = (30 4t) dt

= 30t 2t2 + c
When t = 0, sA = 0
c=0
sA = 30t 2t2
aB = 10 + 6t
vB = 10t + 3t2 + c
(d) vA = 4 + 6t 4t2
a = 6 8t
When t = 0, vB = 20
c = 20
vB = 10t + 3t2 + 20
For maximum vA, a = 0

6 8t = 0
6
t=
8
3
t= s
4
sB = 5t2 + t3 + 20t + d
When t = 0, sB = 0
d=0
sB = 5t2 + t3 + 20t
(e) vB = t2 4
When vB = 0,
t2 4 = 0
t= 2
When A and B meet

sA = sB
30t 2t2 = 5t2 + t3 + 20t
t3 3t2 10t = 0
t(t2 3t 10) = 0
t(t 5)(t + 2) = 0
t = 5 s, t = 0 and t = 2 are ignored
sB = (t2 4) dt
1 t3 4t + c
=
3
When sB = 10, t = 0
c = 10
1 t3 4t + 10
sB =
3
When t = 2,
1 (2)3 4(2) + 10
sB =
3
2 cm
= 4
3
When t = 2,
1 cm
sA = 9
3
The distance between A and B
1 4
2
= 9
3
3
2
= 4 cm
3
(d) When A at rest, vA= 0

30 4t = 0
30
t =
4
15
t =
2
15 2
15
sA = 30
2
2
= 112.5 m
6. (a)
v = 6 2t
v 0
6 2t 0
2t 6
t 3
Therefore, 0 t 3 is the range of time during
which the particle is moving towards B.
5. vA = 30 4t
aB = 10 + 6t
(a) Initial velocity of A
= 30 4(0)
= 30 m s1
13
7. (a) a = k
(b) s = (6 2t) dt
v = k dt
= 6t t2 + c
= kt + c
When t = 0, s = 0
c=0
s = 6t t2
10 = 6t t2
t2 6t + 10 = 0
b2 4ac = ( 6)2 4(1)(10)
= 36 40
= 4 0
When t = 1, v = 8
8 = k + c ...............................
When t = 3, v = 18
18 = 3k + c ...........................
,
10 = 2k
k=5
It shows that the particle never reaches B.
(b) From (a), substitute k = 5 into ,

8=5+c
c=3
v = 5t + 3
(c) When s = 0,
6t t2 = 0
t(6 t) = 0
t= 6 s
Therefore, t = 6 s is the time when the particle is
at A again.
8. (a) a = 10
v = 10t + c
(d) When v = 0,
6 2t = 0
t= 3
When t = 0, v = 30
c = 30
v = 10t + 30
This is time when particle turning back
(b) For maximum height, v = 0

10t + 30 = 0
t= 3
When t = 5,
v = 6 2(5)
= 4
s = (10t + 30) dt
s = 5t2 + 30t + c
When t = 0, s = 35
c = 35
s = 5t2 + 30t + 35
Maximum height = 5(3)2 + 30(3) + 35

= 45 + 90 + 35
= 80 m
(c) When s = 0,
5t2 + 30t + 35 = 0
t2 6t 7 = 0
(t 7)(t + 1) = 0

1 36+
1 24
=
2
2
= 13 m
(e) s = 6t t2
t
Substitute t = 7 into v = 10t + 30,

v = 10(7) + 30
= 40 m s1
sp
Therefore, the velocity just before it hits the

ground is 40 m s1.
t
3
14
9. (a) h = kt2 + pt
v = 2kt + p
(b) v = 2(4)t + 10
v = 8t + 10
For maximum height, v = 0
8t + 10 = 0
10
t =
8
5
=s
4
When t = 0, v = 10
10 = p
v = 2kt + 10
a = 2k
Given a = 8
8 = 2k
k = 4
(c) h = 4t2 + 10t

At the surface of the sea,
h = q when t = 4
Therefore, p = 10, k = 4
q = 4(4)2 + 10(4)
= 64 + 40
= 24
q = 24
15

Motion Along A Straight Line

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

(b) Displacement of A from O = 5 m

2. (a) Displacement after 5 seconds

(b) Distance travelled in the first 4 seconds

0 t 4 is the time when the particle is on the

The furthest distance on the left is 4 m from

(ii) Total distance travelled in the first 5 seconds

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

(iii) The displacement after 5 seconds is 5 m on

7. (a) s = 3t2 12t

(b) Initial velocity = 6(0) 12

Substitute t = 2 into s = 3t2 12t,

When the particle is instantaneous at rest, the time

0 t 3 is the time interval when the particle

Minimum velocity is 4 m s1.

(ii) The time interval when the particle moves

Therefore, the distance travelled in the first

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

The time when the particle stops instantaneously

(b) The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds

The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds

(e) The maximum distance of the particle is when

Time interval when the particle travelled in the

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

11. (a) s = t3 2t2 + t

(i) Distance travelled in the first second

(e) Minimum velocity is when a = 0.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Distance travelled in the first second

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

(ii) Velocity = 3(1)2 + 12

Therefore, the time interval for the particle on the

(e) v = 0 when s is the maximum

(f) Distance travelled from t = 3 to t = 5

= [3(5)2 10(5)] [3(3)2 10(3)]

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

Total distance travelled in the first 10 seconds

Total distance travelled in the first 4

10 4(10)2 20(10) (0)

After 4 seconds, the particle travels from point O

Minimum velocity is when a = 0,

The acceleration at point R

(c) For maximum velocity,

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Minimum velocity = 42 8(4) 20

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

Therefore, the minimum velocity of Q

Therefore, the time interval during which

(b) Particle Q stops at C,

Therefore, the time interval during which the

(c) The total distance travelled during the first

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 20

(e) When s = 15,

The velocity = 6(5) 12

Substitute t = 5 into sP = t2 + 4t,

The two particles meet after 5 seconds they pass

(b) When Q reverses, vQ = 0

Therefore, the time interval for the particle to be

Substitute t = 4 into sQ = t2 8t,