Isolation and identification of different fungi from diseased fruit and preparation of the pure culture of Helminthosporium spp

Introduction
It has been known that fruits constitute commercially and nutritionally important indispensable food commodity. Fruits play a vital role in human nutrition by supplying the necessary growth factors such as vitamins and essential minerals in human daily diet and that can help to keep a good and normal health. Fruits are widely distributed in nature. One of the limiting factors that influence the fruits economic value is the relatively short shelf-life period caused by pathogens attacked. It is estimated that about 20-25% of the harvested fruits are decayed by pathogens during post-harvest handling even in developed countries. In developing countries like in Pakistan, postharvest losses are often more severe due to inadequate storage and transportation facilities. Fungal fruits infection may occur during the growing season, harvesting, handling, transport and post-harvest storage and marketing conditions, or after purchasing by the consumer. Fruits contain high levels of sugars and nutrients element and their low pH values make them particularly desirable to fungal decayed. This experiment was conducted to isolate the different fungi and identify them, which causes the post-harvest diseases in the fruits. Helminthosporium solani causes the diseased in the potato tubers in seed, also in storage, that has become the major reason for the rejection of the fresh and processing tomatoes in recent years. It causes the great loss in the production of the potato. Contaminated culture of that spp. was present in the lab for further study of the conidia production, dispersal, and tuber infection in potato storage.

Materials and Methods

Fruit Material Five types of various fruits, orange, peach, apple, apricot and Banana were collected from the fruit market, nearby Agriculture College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha. Preparation of media Preparation of PDA and sterile the petri plates in the autoclave has been done. Autoclave 15 mint at 121 C. Isolation of fruit spoilage fungi Several methods were carried out individually for fungi isolation. The fruits were washed with sterile water. Cut in to the small pieces of the infected diseased part of the fruit, disinfect with it 10% Solution of Sodium hypo chloride, the again with distilled water then sub-culturing the fungi washed off water. The sub culturing was carried out by using a sterile fresh medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25C until fungal proliferation on medium surface. Identification of the isolated fungi The isolated fungi were identified by making the glass slides, and observe under the microscope. Various fungi have been identified. Apple scab in apple, Penecilum in case of orange, black rot in peach.

Preparing pure culture After identifying the fungi, we pure the culture with the help of Microscope.

Discussion Tree grown Fruits constitute industrially and healthfully essential irreplaceable nourishment product. Foods grown from the ground assume a crucial part in human sustenance by supplying the indispensable development components, for example vitamins and vital minerals in human day by day count calories and that can serve to keep an exceptional and standard health. Products of the soil are broadly circulated in nature. One of the restricting elements that impact the apples and oranges budgetary worth is the generally short timeframe of realistic usability period brought on by pathogens struck. It is assessed that something like 20-25% of the collected foods grown from the ground are rotted by pathogens throughout post-gather taking care of even in advanced nations. In advancing nations like in Pakistan, postharvest misfortunes are regularly more intense because of lacking space and transportation offices. Parasitic tree grown foods spoiling may happen throughout the developing period, gathering, taking care of, transport and post-harvest space and advertising conditions, or in the wake of buying by the purchaser. Soil grown foods hold abnormal amounts of sugars and supplements component and their level ph values make them especially alluring to contagious rotted. This trial was led to separate the diverse organisms and distinguish them, which makes the post-collect infections in the foods grown from the ground.