Ch.

4 Objectives
The Periodic Table

Obj. 1-History of the Periodic Table

Obj. 2-The Periodic Law

See your notes p.116-119

The Periodic Table of Elements An arrangement of the elements in order of their increasing atomic #s so that elements with similar properties fall in same _____________. The Periodic Law The repeating physical and _____________ properties of elements change ___________________ with their atomic number. There is a _________________!!

Obj. 3-Organization of the Periodic Table

Groups Vertical ____________ on the PT Also called __________ b/c elements in a group have similar characteristics Group 1: _____________ Metals: very reactive with water, silvery, and soft Group 2: ___________ ________ Metals: harder, less reactive, and stronger Group 17: ______________: gases and the most reactive nonmetals Group 18: ____________ __________: gases and very stable Periods Horizontal ____ on PT Period # tells us the highest _________ of element in that row Metals Metals are to the ___ of stair-step (blue) Nonmetals are to the ___ of stair-step (peach) _____________ are touching the stairstep, minus Al (green). Metalloids have properties in between metals and nonmetals.

Obj. 4-Blocks
Block Letter Block Name
s p d f ________________ Metals ________________ Metals

Groups
___ - ___ ___ - ___ Down Below

Main ___________ Elements ___ and ___

Obj. 6-Valence Electrons

Valence Electrons: electrons in the _______________ energy level How many valence electrons do the stable noble gases have? _________ Octet Rule: Atoms of elements want to gain or lose e- to have ___ e- in the outermost energy level. Transition and Intertransition metals have only ____ valence electrons. Group #
Valence e-

13

14

15

16

17

18

Obj. 7-Atomic Radius

What takes up the most space in an atom? _________________ Atomic Radius is the distance between two nuclei of two identical atoms divided by _____! Is Li or Rb bigger? ____ Why? As period # goes up, atoms gain more ____ Conclusion: As you go down a group, the atomic radius ___________. Is Li or F bigger? ____ Why? Even though F has more e-, they are at the same ________ as Li. F also has more p+, which attracts the e- in to make the radius smaller. Conclusion: As you go to the left on the PT, the radius goes ____.

Which one would be larger: Cl or chlorines ion Cl-1? ___ b/c _______________

Conclusion: Anions _______ e- and have _________ radii than the neutral atom. Cations _______ e- and have _________ radii than the neutral atom.