Psychoanalysis

History of Psychoanalysis:
Key

Concepts Psychoanalysis: As a specific method of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis presupposes a relation between the psychoanalyst and the patient in which the patient manifests the contents of his unconscious through free association, and the psychoanalyst engages in the interpretation of these contents.

Freud's 5 theoretical "pillars" of psychoanalysis:

The

unconscious The Oedipus/Electra complex resistance repression sexuality

Founders and Dissenters

Jean-Martin

Charcot, Hippolyte Bernheim, and Josef Breuer Freud

Sigmund

Dissenters:

Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Otto Rank, and Sandor Ferenczi

Timeline
(1896)

Freud coins the term in two publications (1902) The "Wednesday Society" is created (1907) The Wednesday Society is replaced by the Vienna Psycho-Analytical Society
(1915)

Freud publishes first treatises on psychoanalysis: On The History of the PsychoAnalytic Movement 1930's) Rise of Nazism leads to expansion of psychoanalysis in America

Timeline
(1936)

New name adopted, International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA)

Sigmund Freud (1856 1939)

History
Carl

Jung- was one of Freud's colleagues, they worked together from 1907-1912 Anna Freud- Considered the founder of child psychoanalysis. Daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erik Erikson-an ego-psychologist. He accepted Freud's ideas as basically correct but he was much more society and cultureoriented than most Freudian's

History
Object

Relations Psychoanalysis Object Relations theorists have been very influential in developing and "fine-tuning" current psychodynamic theory, research and practice

Object relations
Things

and people are represented in the mind as objects Early relationships, especially the mother, are internalized Later, people draw on the stable/instable objects for comfort

Psychopathology

Psychopathology
Repression

is the key ingredient Repression is an unconscious blocking of a memory, usually traumatic at the time, from the fragile and fledgling ego. This trauma is kept repressed thru a series of distortions and attention snatchers called defense mechanisms The id knows about it and is constantly at war with the ego for its expression (the Freudian slip)

Psychopathology
Arrested

stages Repression by the ego into the unconscious The ego utilizes one of the defense mechanisms for repression Stage of arrest + level of anxiety repressed + type of defense mechanism used= Degree and type of psychopathology

development at one of the five

Psychopathology
Arrested

at Oral stage = Oral fixation (needs constant oral stimulation, ie smoking) + a defense mechanism (denial) is used to keep the anxiety surrounding the persons need to repress the past trauma at bay. = a person who needs constant oral gratification through smoking, denies he/she has a problem and feels neurotically anxious and emotional when the need for a cigarette is not met.

Defense Mechanisms

Sublimation Humor Intellectualization Rationalization Identification Idealization Suppression Denial Reaction Formation Displacement Undoing

Repression Autistic

Fantasy Omnipotence Disassociation Passive Aggression Regression Splitting Delusional Fantasy Psychotic Projection

Object relations
form of analytic treatment that involves

exploration of internal unconscious identification and internalization of external objects the term object the term other

Stages and psychopathology

normal infantile autism -

symbiosis - separation-individuation - move toward constancy of self and object - narcissistic - borderline

Psychoanalysis Treatment By: Erik, Lorena, Josh

Treatment Goal:
Psychoanalysis

is based on the belief that the meanings of personal experiences often remain unacknowledged. In order to help a person master these influences, psychoanalysis traces them back to their historical origins. Allows the client the opportunity to get a better understanding of ones emotional life in depth.

Three Psychoanalytic Perspectives

1.

Classical Freudian: The Id, Ego and Superego. Defense Mechanisms

-Repression -Denial -Reaction Formation -Projection -Sublimation -Displacement

Psychosexual Stages

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Three Psychoanalytic Perspectives 2. The Revisionist/ Neo-Freudian

Focus

on functioning of the Ego. continues beyond early

Development

years.

Role

of interpersonal Relationships

Three Psychoanalytic Perspectives

3. Object Relations Perspective
Infants

as being relationship/object seeking rather than pleasure seeking. relationship of the mother provides framework for the development of self. (Object, Introjections, and Splitting)

Early

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Treatment Techniques
Free

Association Transference Insight Working Through Dream Analysis Countertransference

Treatment experience:
Analysis

is an intimate partnership. Continuity is essential to developing the closeness and intimacy required for this form of self-exploration. Treatment creates a unique setting facilitating the emergence of aspects of the mind not accessible to other methods of observation.

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