3D Structural Analysis

Deformation of a cylindrical barrel vault under weight and pressure impact

K. Nema Y. Liu and H.U. Akay Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
March 13-15, 2001 FEM/Ansys 1

Problem Description

t = 0.076 m Supported by rigid diaphragm 40o 7.62 m Free edge

R=7.62 m

Material Properties E = 3e6 lb/in2 = 2.068e10 N/m2 v = 0.0 = 90 lb/ft2 = 439.7 kg/m2

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Approach and Assumptions

Because the geometry is symmetric, only 1/4th portion is analyzed. Element types tried:
Shell63 (4 nodes, 6 DOF) Solid45 (8 nodes, 3 DOF) Solid95 (20 nodes, 3 DOF) Solid73 (8 nodes, 6 DOF)

Note: 3 DOF are: u , v, w , 6 DOF are: u, v, w, x , y , z Analysis

Static Modal Transient analysis under impact pressure Option 1. Full analysis Option 2. Mode superposition (five modes)

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Basic steps

Preprocessing Create solid model Option 1. Solid model for shell element mesh Option 2. Solid model for solid element mesh Create finite element model Apply boundary conditions Apply loads (gravity, pressure, etc.) Solve Postprocessing

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Preprocessing: Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 1.Create a partial cylinder

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Preprocessing : Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 2. Delete volume only

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Preprocessing : Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 3. Plot areas

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Preprocessing: Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 4. Front view of areas model

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Preprocessing : Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 5. Delete areas and below

Turn on Box Pick

Box select the unnecessary areas

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Preprocessing : Step 1. Create solid model (for Shell63 Element) 6. The solid model (for Shell63 Element)

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Preprocessing: Step 1. Create solid model (for Solid Element)

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Preprocessing : Step 2. Mesh with Shell63 Element

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Preprocessing : Step 2. Mesh with Solid Element

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Preprocessing: Step 3. Apply boundary conditions 1. Apply symmetric B. C.

Pick the two highlighted symmetric lines

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Preprocessing: Step 3. Apply boundary conditions 2. Apply B. C. on support edge

Pick the support edge

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Preprocessing: Step 4. Apply gravity

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Postprocessing for static analysis Path Operation 1. Define path by nodes (a. Pick nodes in order)

Pick nodes in order

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Postprocessing for static analysis Path Operation 1. Define path by nodes (b. Define Path specification)

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Postprocessing for static analysis Path Operation 2. Map results onto path (Displacement on Z direction)

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Postprocessing for static analysis Path Operation 3. Plot path results on geometry (Displacement on Z direction)

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Postprocessing for static analysis Path Operation 3. Plot path results on geometry (Displacement on Z direction)

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Comparison of results from different element models (Longitudinal displacement of support)

6.00E-03

shell63
5.00E-03

solid45(3 DOF, 8 nodes)-top

Longitudinal displacement of support (m) 4.00E-03

solid45(3 DOF, 8 nodes)-bottom

3.00E-03

solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-top

2.00E-03

solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-middle

1.00E-03

solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-bottom

0.00E+00

solid73(6 DOF, 8 nodes)-top

-1.00E-03

solid73(6 DOF, 8 nodes)-bottom

-2.00E-03 0 5 10 15 20 25
o

30

35

40

A ngle f rom vertical direction ( )

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Comparison of results from different element models (Vertical displacement of central section)
2.00E-02
shell63

0.00E+00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

solid45(3 DOF, 8 nodes)-top

Vertical displacement of central section (m)

-2.00E-02

solid45(3 DOF, 8 nodes)-bottom

solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-top

-4.00E-02
solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-middle

-6.00E-02

solid95(3 DOF, 20 nodes)-bottom

solid73(6 DOF, 8 nodes)-top

-8.00E-02
solid73(6 DOF, 8 nodes)-bottom

-1.00E-01 Angle from vertical direction ( o)

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Modal analysis: Step 1. Define analysis type

Turn on Modal

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Modal analysis: Step 2. Define mode extraction method

Five modes will be extracted

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Modal analysis: Step 3. Define options for Subspace method

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Postprocessing for Modal analysis(Shell63) (Frequencies (Hz) for first five modes)

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Postprocessing for Modal analysis (Solid95, 20 nodes) (Frequencies (Hz) for first five modes)

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Transient analysis (Full method) Step 1. Define analysis type

Turn on Transient

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Transient analysis (Full method) Step 2. Apply pressure on the area

Apply downward pressure of 1000 Pa on the area

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Transient analysis (Full method) Step 3. Define time step (Impact pressure)

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Transient analysis (Full method) Step 4. Define time integration method

Use unconditionally stable scheme

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Transient analysis (Full method) Step 5. Define output controls

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Time History Postprocessing for Transient analysis Step 1. Define result variables (a)

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Time History Postprocessing for Transient analysis Step 1. Define result variables (b)

Pick the node

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Time History Postprocessing for Transient analysis Step 1. Define result variables (c)

Vertical displacement

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Time History Postprocessing for Full Transient analysis Step 2. Graph the variables

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.03) (Full transient analysis)
Shell63

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.03) (Full transient analysis)
Solid95 (20 nodes, 3 DOF), middle node

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.1) (Full transient analysis)
Shell63

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (with damping, t=0.03) (Full transient analysis)
Shell63

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 1. Define analysis type

Turn on Transient

Note: Modal analysis should be done before using Mode Superposition,

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 2. Define analysis option

Define the maximum mode number for superposition

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 3. Delete pressure applied earlier in the modal analysis

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 4. Apply the load vector obtained from the modal analysis

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 5. Define the first time step

Note: Only define the time step size

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 6. Solve

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Transient analysis (Mode Superposition method) Step 7. Define the second time step, then solve again

Note: Only define the time at end of load step

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Time History Postprocessing for Mode Superposition Transient analysis Step 1. Set result file

Select the result file with extension .rdsp

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Time History Postprocessing for Mode Superposition Transient analysis Step 2. Define result variables (a)

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Time History Postprocessing for Mode Superposition Transient analysis Step 2. Define result variables (b)

Pick the node

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.001) -- Mode superposition transient analysis, five modes -- Unconditionally stable scheme

Shell63

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.01) -- Mode superposition transient analysis, five modes -- Unconditionally stable scheme

Shell63

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.001) -- Mode superposition transient analysis, five modes -- Conditionally stable scheme

Shell63

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Transient vertical displacement of vault bottom edge center under pressure impact (1000 Pa) (no damping, t=0.01) -- Mode superposition transient analysis, five modes -- Conditionally stable scheme

Shell63

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Summary
Shell element and solid elements can be used for this problem Solid95 (20 nodes, 3 DOF) can give the same results of vertical displacement of central section as shell63 For the longitudinal displacement of support, solid95 (20 nodes, 3 DOF) is slightly different from shell63 Solid45 (8 nodes, 3 DOF) and solid73 (8 nodes, 6 DOF) give the same results as solid95 (20 nodes, 3 DOF) Mode superposition transient analysis uses much less time than full transient analysis, while providing almost the same results Numerical damping occurs when large time step size is applied

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