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English Test 60

Directions for Questions from 1 to 2:

The sentences given in the question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the
most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

1. A. This is now orthodoxy to which I subscribe - up to a point.

B. It emerged from the mathematics of chance and statistics.
C. Therefore the risk is measurable and manageable.
D. The fundamental concept: Prices are not predictable, but the mathematical laws of chance can describe their fluctuations.
E. This is how what business schools now call modern finance was born.

j ADCBE
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j EBDCA
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j ABDCE
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j DCBEA
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j -null-
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i Skip this question
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2. A. When identity is thus ‘defined by contrast’, divergence with the West becomes central.
B. Indian religious literature such as the Bhagavad Gita or the Tantric texts, which are identified as differing from secular writings seen as ‘western’,
elicits much greater interest in the West than do other Indian writings, including India's long history of heterodoxy.
C. There is a similar neglect of Indian writing on non-religious subjects, from mathematics, epistemology and natural science to economics and
linguistics.
D. Through selective emphasis that point up differences with the West, other civilizations can, in this way, be redefined in alien terms, which can be
exotic and charming, or else bizarre and terrifying, or simply strange and engaging.
E. The exception is the Kamasutra in which western readers have managed to cultivate an interest.

j BDACE
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j DEABC
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j BDECA
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j BCEDA
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j -null-
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Directions for Questions from 3 to 6:

The passage given below is followed by a question. Choose the best answer to each question

A game of strategy, as currently conceived in game theory, is a situation in which two or more "players" make choices among available alternatives
(moves). The totality of choices determines the outcomes of the game, and it is assumed that the rank order of preferences for the outcomes is
different for different players. Thus the "interests" of the players are generally in conflict. Whether these interests are diametrically opposed or only
partially opposed depends on the type of game.

Psychologically, most interesting situations arise when the interests of the players are partly coincident and partly opposed, because then one can
postulate not only a conflict among the players but also inner conflicts within the players. Each is torn between a tendency to cooperate, so as to
promote the common interests, and a tendency to compete, so as to enhance his own individual interests.

Internal conflicts are always psychologically interesting. What we vaguely call "interesting" psychology is in very great measure the psychology of
inner conflict. Inner conflict is also held to be an important component of serious literature as distinguished from less serious genres. The classical
tragedy, as well as the serious novel, reveals the inner conflict of central figures. The superficial adventure story, on the other hand, depicts only
external conflict; that is, the threats to the person with whom the reader (or viewer) identifies stem in these stories exclusively from external
obstacles and from the adversaries who create them. On the most primitive level this sort of external conflict is psychologically empty. In the
fisticuffs between the protagonists of good and evil, no psychological problems are involved or, at any rate, none are depicted in juvenile
representations of conflict.

The detective story, the "adult" analogue of a juvenile adventure tale, has at times been described as a glorification of intellectualized conflict.
However, a great deal of the interest in the plots of these stories is sustained by withholding the unraveling of a solution to a problem. The effort of
solving the problem is in itself not a conflict if the adversary (the unknown criminal) remains passive, like Nature, whose secrets the scientist
supposedly unravels by deduction. If the adversary actively puts obstacles in the detective's path toward the solution, there is genuine conflict. But
the conflict is psychologically interesting only to the extent that it contains irrational components such as a tactical error on the criminal's part or the
detective's insight into some psychological quirk of the criminal or something of this sort. Conflict conducted in a perfectly rational manner is
psychologically no more interesting than a standard Western. For example, Tic-tac-toe, played perfectly by both players, is completely devoid of
psychological interest. Chess may be psychologically interesting but only to the extent that it is played not quite rationally. Played completely
rationally, chess would not be different from Tic-tac-toe.

In short, a pure conflict of interest (what is called a zero-sum game) although it offers a wealth of interesting conceptual problems, is not
interesting psychologically, except to the extent that its conduct departs from rational norms.
3. The problem solving process of a scientist is different from that of a detective because

j scientists study intimate objects, while detectives deal with living criminals or law offenders.
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j scientists study known objects, while detectives have to deal with unknown criminals or law offenders.
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j Scientists study phenomena that are not actively altered, while detectives deal with phenomena that have been deliberately influenced to
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mislead.
j Scientists study psychologically interesting phenomena, while detectives deal with “adult” analogues of juvenile adventure tales.
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4. According to the passage, which of the following options about me application of game theory to a conflict-of-interest situation is true?

j Assuming that the rank order of preferences for options is different for different players.
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j Accepting that the interests of different players are often in conflict.
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j Not assuming that the interests are in complete disagreement.
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j All of the above.
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j -null-
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5. Which, according to the author, would qualify as interesting psychology?

j A statistician's dilemma over choosing the best method to solve an optimisation problem.
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j A chess player's predicament over adopting a defensive strategy against an aggressive opponent.
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j A mountaineer's choice of the best path to Mt. Everest from the base camp.
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j A finance manager's quandary over the best way of raising money from the market
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j -null-
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i Skip this question
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6. According to the passage, internal conflicts are psychologically more interesting than external conflicts because

j internal conflicts, rather than external conflicts, form an important component of serious literature as distinguished from less serious genres.
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j only juveniles or very few "adults" actually experience external conflict, while internal conflict is more widely prevalent in society.
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j in situations of internal conflict, individuals experience a dilemma in resolving their own preferences for different outcomes.
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j there are no threats to the reader (or viewer) in case of external conflicts
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j -null-
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i Skip this question
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Directions for Questions from 7 to 10:

In the question, there are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized and highlighted
words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which
may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one.

7. We were not successful in defusing(A)/diffusing(B) the Guru‟ s ideas.

The students baited(A)/bated(B) the instructor with irrelevant questions.

The hoard(A)/horde(B) rushed into the campus.

The prisoner‟ s interment(A)/internment(B) came to an end with his early release.

The hockey team could not deal with his unsociable(A)/unsocial(B) tendencies.

j BABBA
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j BBABB
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j BABAA
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j ABBAB
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j AABBA
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i Skip this question
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8. She managed to bite back the ironic(A)/caustic(B) retort on the tip of her tongue.
He gave an impassioned and valid(A)/cogent(B) plea for judicial reform.

I am not adverse(A)/averse(B) to helping out.

The coup é (A)/coup(B) broke away as the train climbed the hill.

They heard the bells peeling(A)/pealing(B) far and wide.

j BBABA
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j BBBAB
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j BAABB
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j ABBAA
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j BBBBA
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i Skip this question
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9. The cake had lots of currents(A)/currants(B) and nuts in it.

If you engage in such exceptional(A)/exceptionable(B) behaviour, I will be forced to punish you.

He has the same capacity as an adult to consent(A)/assent(B) to surgical treatment.

The minister is obliged(A)/compelled(B) to report regularly to a parliamentary board.

His analysis of the situation is far too sanguine(A)/genuine(B).

j BBABA
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j BBAAA
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j BBBBA
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j ABBAB
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j BABAB
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i Skip this question
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10. Anita wore a beautiful broach(A)/brooch(B) on the lapel of her jacket.

If you want to complain about the amenities in your neighbourhood, please meet your councillor(A)/counselor(B).

I would like your advice(A)/advise(B) on which job I should choose.

The last scene provided a climactic(A)/climatic(B) ending to the film.

Jeans that flair(A)/flare(B) at the bottom are in fashion these days.

j BABAA
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j BABAB
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j BAAAB
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j ABABA
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j BAABA
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i Skip this question
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