E.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The effects of Therapeutic Touch in Pain among Older Patient

PAIN

Numerous factors Before Therapeutic Touch Obtain pertinent demographic information on the toucher and the recipient of the touch. Assessment of Touch Given. Assess the characteristics of touch, the toucher and the recipient of touch. Assess the recipient perception of the effect of touch. Communicating caring, support and empathy Establish rapport Giving Physical Care Provide clean environment Age Gender Self-esteem Culture Reciprocity Body parts involved Temperature * Setting * Circumstances * Type *Quality * Duration * Intensity * Location After Therapeutic Touch Reduce anxiety and stress Relieve pain Improvement of immune system function. Lower blood pressure Improve wound healing. Relaxation response will decrease the amount and intensity of the behavioral symptoms.