Notes: 7.

1 - UNGROUPED DATA Mean

x = x N

EXERCISE 7.1.1 1. Determine the mean for each of the following sets of data a. 35 , 44 , 36 , 31 , 49 b. 194 , 149 , 167 , 183 , 205 , 200 c. Number of books Number of students 0 2 1 4 2 5 3 6 4 3

Median of ungrouped data depends on the number of values, N. N = number of values. - If N is odd, median is the middle value of a set of numbers arranged in order of magnitude. If N is even median is the arithmetic mean of the and the ( values) The mode of a set of numbers is the value which occurs most frequenttly. The type of modes A mode Bimodal or more modes The mode does not exist / non existent mode.
Variance

n th value 2

_________________________________________________________
Answers: 1. a) 39 b) 183 c) 2.2

n +1 ) the value.(median is the mean of the two middle 2

var iance , 2 =

x 2 ( x )2 N

N = total frequency

EXERCISE 7.1.2
1. Find the medians of the following sets of data. a) b) c) d) 18,16,14,12,10, 17, 15 3, 6, 2, 6, 1, 4, 2, 6, 0, 5 8, 8, 4, 3, 10, 7, 7, 9, 5, 6, 11, 12, 4, 9, 5 27, 32, 58, 47, 61, 37, 32, 59, 44, 33, 60, 59

EXERCISE 7.1.3 Find the mode of each of the following sets of data. 1. 2. 3.
3 5 143 3 4 9 165 9 5 5 185 7

11.3, 11.8, 10.2, 11.8, 10.5 M, A, L, A, Y, S, I, A S, E, G, I, T, I, G, A

1 1 3 1 4 , , , 2 4 6 5, 8

2. Find the median of each of these sets: a) Marks 1 2 frequency 2 4 b) Weight 110 120 (kg) frequency 4 7

4. 5. 6. 7.

8, 3, 2, 1, 1, 8, 1, 3, 8 C, Y, B, E, R
Age Frequency 11 38 12 69 13 35 14 69 15 57

Answers: 1. a) 15 2. a) 4 b) 3.5 b) 165 kg c) 7 d) 45.5

8. Find the value of x and y if the mode does not exist in the following data: 4, 5, 8, 5, x , y , 8, 3

Answers: 1. 11.8 4. 7.
1 2

2. A 5. 1 and 8 8. 4, 3

3. I and G 6. Mode does not exist

12 and 14 year

PRACTICE 7.1.1 A Determine the mean for the following sets of data. i) 23, 16, 22, 24, 21, 32 ii)
Score Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 10 7 5 9 3 11 1

PRACTICE 7.1.1 B Determine the mean for the following sets of data. ii) 23, 16, 22, 24, 21, 32 ii)
Score Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 10 7 5 9 3 11 1

Solution ( i ) Steps 1. Let x represent a value in the x set of data , find 2. Therefore use the formula
x x = N

Solution ( i ) Solution x = 23 + 16 + 22 + 24 + 21 + 32 = 138

x = x N

Steps 1. Let x represent a value in the x set of data , find 2. Therefore use the formula
x = x N

Solution

138 = 23 6

Solution ( ii ) Steps 1. Let x represent a value in the x set of data , find 2. Therefore use the formula
x = x N
x

Solution ( ii ) Solution = Steps 1. Let x represent a value in the x set of data , find Solution

(1 2 ) +( 3 4 ) +( 5 10 ) + ( 7 5 ) +( 9 3 ) +(11 1)

= 137
x =

137 x = 22.83 = N 6

2. Therefore use the formula

x = x N

PRACTICE 7.1.1 C Determine the mean for the following sets of data. iii) 8, 14, 9, 25, 14, 10, 13 ii)
Score Frequency 0 1 1 6 2 12 3 5 4 4 5 2

PRACTICE 7.1.2 A (i) Find the median of the following data: 21, 18, 12, 17, and 21
Steps Solution

1. Arrange in order of ascending magnitude 2. Find the number of values, N 3. If N is a odd , then the median is the n +1 ( ) th value. 2
(

12,17,18,18,21 N = 5 (odd)
As N =5 the median is the

Solutions:

5 +1 ) th value, the 2

3 th value..

12, 17, 18, 21, 21

So median =18 (ii) Find the median of the following data: 2, 4, 7, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 5
Steps Solution

1. Arrange in order of magnitude. 2. Find the number of values, N 3. If N is even, then the median is the arithmetic mean of the n th value and the 2 n ( +1)th value. 2

2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 N= 8 (even) 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 median = 5 + 6 2 = 5.5

PRACTICE 7.1.2 B (i) Find the median for the following ungrouped data: 21, 18, 12, 17, and 21
Steps Solution

PRACTICE 7.1.2 C (i) Find the median for the following ungrouped data: 21, 18, 12, 17, and 21

1. Arrange in order of magnitude. 2. Find the number of values, N 3. If N is even, then the median is the arithmetic mean of the n th value and the 2 n ( +1)th value. 2 Median =

(ii) Find the median for the following ungrouped data: 2, 4, 7, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 5

(ii) Find the median for the following ungrouped data : 2, 4, 7, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 5
Steps Solution

1. Arrange in order of magnitude. 2. Find the number of values, N .

PRACTICE 7.1.2 B PRACTICE 7.1.3 A 1. Find the mode of each of the following set of data. 4, 3, 8, 2, 1, 8, 4, 8 Mode = 8
One mode value

1. Find the mode of each of the following set of data: 4, 3, 7, 2, 1, 7, 4, 7 Mode = 2. Find the mode of each of the following set of data : 12, 12, 16, 16, 16, 23, 23, 23, 36, 37, and 37 Mode = 3. Find the mode of each of the following set of data : 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 Mode = 4. Find the mode for the following ungrouped data :

2. Find the mode of each of the following set of data: 11, 11, 15, 15, 15, 20, 20, 20, 36, 37, and 37 Mode = 20 and 15
The number of modes are 2

3. Find the mode of each of the following set of data : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0 Mode does not exist
No repetitive value

4. Find the mode of these frequency distributions: Score frequency 0 5 1 12 2 7 3 10 4 9

Markah Frequency

5 5

10 12

20 7

30 8

40 9

Mode = 1

Score 1 occurs most often.

Mode = 5. Find the mode for the following ungrouped data: 3, 3, 5, 5, 8, 8, 11, and 11 . Mode = 6. Find the values of x and y if the mode is 4: 2, 2, x, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, y, 5, 7

5. Find the mode of these ungrouped data: 2, 2, 4, 4, 7, 7, 10, and 10 No repetitive value more . than the other. Mode does not exist 6. Find the values of x and y if the mode is 25 : 20, 25, 24, x, 24, 37, y, 36, 25
Mode = 25, the number occurs most often. So x = 25 and y = any number except 24.

PRACTICE 7.1.2 C 1. Find the mode of each of the following set of data: K, E, M, A, H, I, R, A, N Mode = 2. Find the mode of each of the following set of data : M, A, N, I, P, U, L, A, S, I Mode = 3. Find the mode of each of the following set of data : S, U, L, T, A, N Mode = 4. The following table shows the frequency of vocals used in an article. Find the mode: Vocal frequency Mode = 5. Find the mode for the following ungrouped data: J, A, J, A . Mode = 6. Fill in the blank if R is not the mode: H J K N K R K N R S R N A A 236 E 236 I 196 O 187 U 163

SPM 2003 1. A set of examination marks x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.5. a) Find x, i) the sums of the marks, x2. ii)the sum of the squares of the marks, (3 marks) b) Each mark is multiplied by 2 and then 3 is added to it. Find, for the new set of marks, i) the mean, ii) the variance ( 4 marks) Answers: a) i) x = 30
2 ii) x =163.5

b) i) x =
N

= 13 ii) 2 = 9

SPM 2004

A set of data consists of 10 numbers. The sum of the numbers is 150 and the sum of the squares of the numbers is 2472. a) Find the mean and variance of the 10 numbers. (3 marks) b) Another number is added to the set of data and the mean is increased by 1. Find i) ii) the value of this number, the standard deviation of the set of 11 numbers. (4marks) Answers : a) x = 15
= 22.2
VARIANCE

Variance

EXERCISE 7.2.1
1. The table shows the distribution of quiz marks of students. Find (a) mean (b) standard deviation. Marks 10 15 20 Number of students 8 6 11

b)i) k = 26 ii) = 5.494

2. The table shows the length of fish. Calculate the (a) Mean (b) standard deviation (c) variance of the length given .

Length (m) Number

0.4 5

0.5 8

0.6 4

0.7 2

0.8 1

3. The table shows the weight of pack biscuits. Given that the mean mark was 14, find the value of m. Weight (kg) 12 13 14 15 16 Number 1 6 7 m 2 Answers: 1. x = 15.6, = 4.32 3. m = 4 PRACTICE 7.2.1 A 2. x = 0.53, = 0.11 , 2 = 0.0121
Number of

fx Notes: 7.2 x - GROUPED DATA = N x = symbol for mean

MEAN

STANDARD DEVIATION

fx 2 ( x )2 f

f = frequency for each class x = the corresponding class mark

= standard deviation

The table shows the number of students in the form five classes. Find (a) mean (b) standard deviation of these number of students.

Number of

students 37 35 28
Steps Solution

classes 5 4 2

Number of students 37 35 28
Steps Solution

Number of classes 5 4 2

(a) Write the formula for mean. - Identify all the symbols: - x = data - f = frequency
Represent the data for fx in a table - summation / total Substitute in the formula (b) Write the formula for standard deviation. Form a table for x2 and fx2 - Total Substitute in the formula use a calculator to calculate
x =

fx x = N
N = Total frequency

(a) Write the formula for mean. Identify x and f

X Form a table for fx f fx

x 37 35 28
fx N

f 5 4 2 11

fx 185 140 56 fx = 381

381 = 34.64 11

Do summation(add together) Substitute in the formula (b) Write the formula for standard deviation. Form the table for fx2 - sum up x and
2

N=

fx =

fx 2 ( x )2 f

x2

fx2

x2 1369 1225 784

f 5 4 2 11

fx2 6845 4900 1568 13313

N= Substitute in the formula use calculator to solve this problem.

fx2 =

13313 (34.64) 2 11

= 3.216 PRACTICE 7.2.1 C

Table shows number of students in each class in one of the school. Find a) mean b) standard deviation of these numbers of students.

Table 2 can be combined with table 1

PRACTICE 7.2.1 B
Table shows number of students in each class in one of the school. Find a) mean b) standard deviation of these number of students.

Number of students 37 35 28 Solution:

Number of classes 5 4 2

1. Find the (a) mean (b) variance and (c) standard deviation for the data given: (i) 4, 6, 7, 2, 4, 6, 5 (ii) 24, 22, 50, 25, 36

2. Given data: 1, 4, p, 6, 7, 9 If the mean is 5 find the value of p. Calculate the variance.

Answers 1 (i) (a) 4.857 (ii) (a) 31.4 2. p = 3 (b) 2.408 (b) 110.24 (c) 1.552 (c) 10.5

PRACTICE 7.2.2 A EXERCISE 7.2.2

Find (a) mean, (b) variance and (c) standard deviation for the given data: 27, 29, 31, 35, 40 and 45.

Find (a) mean, (b) variance and (c) standard deviation for the data given: 27, 29, 31, 35, 40 and 45.
Steps Solutions

Steps

Solution

(a) Write the formula for mean N = Number of data Find the summation of all the data given x

(a) Write the formula for the mean N = Number of data Find the summation of all data x Substitute in the formula Solve it

x =

x N

x =27+29+31+35+40+45

= 207 Substitute in the formula Solve it

Mean =

207 6 = 34.5
x2 ( x )2 N

(b) Write the formula for variance Find the summation of x2.

var =

(b) Write the formula for variance

x2 = 272+ 292+ 312+ 352+ 402+ 452 = 7381

var ians = 7381 (34.5) 2 6 = 39.92
39.92

Find the summation of x2.

Substitute in the formula - solve it

Substitute in the formula - solve it

c) Standard deviation = variance

Standard deviation =
= 6.318

c) standard deviation = variance

PRACTICE 7.2.2 B

PRACTICE 7.2.2 C

Find (a) mean, (b) variance and (c) standard deviation for the data given: 30, 25, 47, 35, 40 and 49.

Kekerapan
12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Sempadan atas 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5

Mode 63.5 MEDIAN FROM AN OGIVE

Calculating the median from the formula

N F C median = L + 2 fm

Notes: 7.3 MODE FROM HISTOGRAM

L N F C

= = = =

fm

Median 38.5 lower boundary of the class in which the median lies total frequency cumulative frequency before the class in which median lies class interval = frequency of the class in which the median lies

The same formula can be used to calculate the first quartile and third quartile.