Timeline: Philippines History Part I: Magellan, Rizal, and Philippine independence by David Johnson and Shmuel Ross About

25,000 B.C. The ancestors of the Philippines' aboriginal inhabitantsthe Negritos or Aetacome from the Asian mainland, crossing shallow seas and land bridges. (Archaeological evidence suggests that the Philippines may have been inhabited many thousands of years before then, but that can't be stated with certainty. The oldest human fossil found so far is 22,000 years old.) About 3000 B.C. New inhabitants come from Indonesia. This is repeated around 1000 B.C. About 200 B.C. The first of several waves of Malayan settlers arrives from South China. 1300s A.D. Extensive trade is being conducted with India, Indonesia, China, and Japan. Arab traders from Indonesia introduce Islam to the Filipinos. 1521 Ferdinand Magellan explores the islands now known as the Philippines 1542 Spanish military party claims islands for Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip, later King Philip II of Spain; Philippines becomes part of Spanish Empire 1886 Jos Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden); popularizes independence sentiment Top 1896 Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage spawns rebellion 1899 Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to U.S. Filipinos declare their independence; Emilio Aguinaldo leads guerrilla war against U.S. 1901 U.S. captures Aquinaldo; William Howard Taft arrives as first U.S. governor of Philippines 1902 Insurrection ends; Taft improves economic conditions, settles disputes over church ownership of land, establishes pensionado program, allowing Filipinos to study in U.S., which helped modernize and westernize the country 1916 U.S. government passes Jones Law establishing elected Filipino legislature with house and senate 1934 U.S. approves Tydings-McDuffie Act promising Philippine independence in 1946; transition to independence begins 1935 Filipino people approve constitution creating Commonwealth of the Philippines with Manuel Quezon y Molina as president 1941 Japanese invade Philippines, and defeat Gen. Douglas MacArthur at Bataan and Corregidor; Quezon establishes government in exile 1944 Quezon dies; Vice President Sergio Osmea takes presidency; MacArthur reinvades Philippines 1945 MacArthur liberates Manila; Osmea establishes government 1946 Philippines becomes independent nation; Manuel Roxas y Acua elected first president http://www.infoplease.com/spot/philippinestime1.html#ixzz2bSWqIoyu Filipino Presidents - Biography and Accomplishments The Tagalog words for 'president' are pangulo and presidente.

The president of the first Philippine republic (1899). He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of the Katipunan in Cavite, then was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention on March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. He proclaimed Philippine independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed resistance to American rule. H

Ferdinand Marcos (1917 - 1989) President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Declared martial law on September 21, 1972. After the People Power revolution in February 1986, he was ousted from power and lived in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944) The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. He was president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. For advocating Filipino-language amendments to the 1935 Constitution, he is known as the "Father of the National Language." Jose P. Laurel (1891 - 1939) President of the Second Republic from 1943 to 1945. He had been secretary of the interior (1923), senator (1925 - 1931), delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1934), and chief justice during the commonwealth. When World War II broke out, he was instructed by Quezon to stay in Manila and deal with the Japanese to soften the blow of enemy occupation. As president, he defended Filipino interests and resisted Japanese efforts to draft Filipinos into the Japanese military service. Upon return of the American forces, Laurel was imprisoned in Japan when Douglas Macarthur occupied that country He was returned to the Philippines to face charges of treason, but these were dropped when President Roxas issued an amnesty proclamation. In the Third Republic, he was elected senator and negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement. Sergio Osmea, Sr. (1878 - 1961) The first Filipino national leader under the American regime as speaker of the Philippine assembly and the second president of the Philippines (19441946). Manuel Roxas (1892 - 1948) The last president of the Philippine Commonwealth and the first president of the republic (1946 - 1948). Elpidio Quirino (18901956) President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. As vice president during Manuel Roxass term, he was also secretary of foreign affairs. He became president when Roxas died in 1948. He was elected president in his own right in 1949. Ramon Magsaysay (1907 - 1957) President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. He had been President Quirinos secretary of defense who was instrumental is suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed. He secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the US Military Bases agreement to bring it more in line with Philippine interests. Carlos P. Garcia (1896 - 1971) President of the Philippines from 1957 to 1961. Remembered for his Filipino First Policy. He was among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Diosdado Macapagal (1910 - 1997) President of the Republic of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965. He asked Congress to pass the Agricultural Land Reform Code, which abolished share tenancy and installed a leasehold system in its place; it finally passed on August 8, 1963. This was a significant step toward resolving the agrarian problem. It was during his presidency that Independence Day was moved from July 4 to June 12, the date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence in Cavite.

Corazon Cojuangco Aquino (1933 - ) President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. With Salvador Laurel as running mate, she led the opposition that overthrew the authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the successful Peoples Power revolution of 1986. She first established a revolutionary government under the Freedom Constitution, later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for reestablishing democracy Fidel V. Ramos (1928 - ) President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1997. As head of the Constabulary under President Marcos, he was instrumental in helping to design and implement martial law. Together with General Ponce Enrile and the RAM, he defected from the government in 1986 and joined the Peoples Power revolution that ousted Marcos from power. His presidency is remembered for better integrating the national economy in the global scheme. Joseph Estrada (1937 - ) President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001. During his term in office, he was arrested and stood trial at a congressional impeachment hearing on charges of accepting bribes and corruption. While this trial was aborted when the senators voted 11 to 10 not to open incriminating evidence against him, he was ousted from power anyway as a peaceful Peoples Power II revolution arose and called for his resignation Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (1947 - ) The current president of the Philippines. She served as vice president under President Estrada and became president when he was forced to step down for malfeasance, through the Peoples Power II revolution. PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did her father, President Diosdado Macapagal, when he tried to clean up corruption in government. Her government continues enjoy political legitimacy in the face of opposition. http://tagaloglang.com/The-Philippines/History/filipino-presidents-biographyand-accomplishments.html HubPages explore sign in join now help report Explore Politics and Social Issues (12,368) Asia Political and Social Issues (289) Philippines Political and Social Issues (83) twentyfive profile image by twentyfive 587 Followers Presidents of the Philippines and their Achievements and Contributions In this page, Ive listed all the presidents of the Philippines from the first to the present time (2013) and compiled some of their notable achievements. This list starts from the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic after the independence of the country in 1898. Thus, this list

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869 - 1964)

starts from the ratification of 1899 constitution where Emilio Aguinaldo was the president of the Republic of the Philippines. The dates followed by their names are the dates of their terms. Presidents of the Philippines from past to present: 1 General Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 April 1, 1901) To make it easier for you to master, always remember why Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was on the 5-peso bill (which is not used anymore, instead his head-profile is on the 5-peso coin) bearing the Philippine flag at the celebration of the Philippine Independence Day, its because he was the first president of the Philippines First Republic (a.k.a. Malolos Republic). Contributions and Achievements of Emilio Aguinaldo: first president

he also created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption he was considered as the legitimate president of the Philippines in 1948, Quezon City was the capital of the Philippines he organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas). he declared Martial Law in 1944 he and his family developed the establishment of Lyceum of the Philippines 4 Sergio Osmea (August 1, 1944 May 28, 1946) Sergio Osmea was the second president of the Commonwealth; he succeeded Quezon after his death. Contributions and Achievements of Sergio Osmena: peso and dollar exchange rate at his time was 1 US = P2 7 Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 March 17, 1957) He was born in Iba, Zambales, was a military governor, and engineer. He died on a plane crash on Dec. 1957, boarding the presidential plane named Mt. Pinatubo Contributions and Achievements of Ramon Magsaysay: was a chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs was the first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog in his inauguration his presidency was referred as the Philippines Golden Years for it was the cleanest and zero-corruption the Philippines was ranked 2nd in Asias clean and well-governed countries he established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among his agrarian reforms 8 Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 December 30, 1961) Another lawyer, Carlos P. Garcia was a poet, teacher, and guerilla leader too. Born from Bohol, he was the vice president of Magsaysay and secretary of Foreign Affairs for 4 years. He became president when Magsaysay died in 1957. Contributions and Achievements of Carlos P. Garcia

youngest president he became the countrys leader at age 28 longest-lived president he died when he was 94 (wow!) one of the active leaders of KKK signed the Pact of Biak na Bato known as the President of the Revolutionary Government he fought against the Spanish and American to retain our independence 2 Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 August 1, 1944) Notable facts about Manuel Luis Quezon is that, he is known as the Father of National Language (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa) and he died in Saranac Lake, New York due to tuberculosis. Ive seen his life-sized wax statue inside the Quezon Memorial Circle, it was well crafted. Contributions and Achievements of Manuel L. Quezon: first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines first president elected through a national election Contributions and Achievements of Manuel A. Roxas: first president under the Commonwealth he created National Council of Education he initiated womens suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth he made Tagalog / Filipino as the national language of the Philippines he appears on the twenty-peso bill he is in the 100 peso bill a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila were named after him his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle 3 Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 August 17, 1945) Laurel was the third to sit at the office during Japanese occupation of World War II. He was the only Filipino president to have been shot outside of combat. Contributions and Achievements of Jose P. Laurel: He was the vice president at Roxas time. He became president when the latter died in 1948. Contributions and Achievements of Elpidio Quirino: under his term Hukbalahap movement was active 6 Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 December 30, 1953) was inaugurated as the new and first president of the new Republic because the Philippines was finally free after the WW II in his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines started breathing without foreign rule under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by the congress he was 65 when he became president making him the oldest president to hold office he was the first Visayan to become president he joined US Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the freedom of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II during his time, the Philippine National Bank has been rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund on his time, the Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress Sergio Osmena appears on the 50 peso bill 5 Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 April 15, 1948) Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines overall but he was considered as the third and last president under the Commonwealth and the first of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He only sat in the office for 1 year, 10 months and 18 days.

he was known for Filipino First Policy he established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce was known as the Prince of Visayan Poets and the bard from Bohol cultural arts was revived during his term was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani 9 Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 December 30, 1965) He was born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal is the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the 14th and second woman president of the Philippines. He was a lawyer and a professor, too. Contributions and Achievements of Diosdado Macapagal: he established the first Land Reform Law he placed the Philippines currency peso, on the currency exchange market he made June 12 1898 as the Philippines Independence Day

he created Social Security Commission he signed the Minimum Wage Law

20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century he signed the creation of the Philippine Veterans Bank 65 Great Asian Heroes 10 Ferdinand Marcos (December 30, 1965 February 25, 1986) Born from Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for 3 years. He was president for 21 years and only quit office after the People Power Revolution. His wife, Imelda Marcos became quite popular in the world too. His term was the most controversial and messy one because of Martial Law and People Power although Marcos has contributed a lot of nice things in the Philippines. He was one of the best and brightest presidents even though their family was rumored to have embezzled public funds to Switzerland and other wealthy countries. Contributions and Achievements of Ferdinand Marcos: he was the first president to win a second term he declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972 he increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces the Philippines celebrated Centennial Independence in 1998 in 1980, GNP was 4 times greater than 1972 in 1986, the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia he built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals and infrastructures than all former presidents did combined is the only president whose remains interred inside a refrigerated crypt Pin It Source: CC BY SA 2.0 by Philippinepresidency Flickr photostream 11 Corazon Aquino (February 25, 1986 June 30, 1992) The first woman president of the Philippines and the first woman president in Asia, Cory Aquino is the wife of Benigno Aquino Jr. (who was assassinated during Marcos regime). She was born in Paniqui, Tarlac Contributions and Achievements of Corazon Aquino: was named Woman of the Year in 1986 by Time magazine first woman president of the Philippines and Asia Contributions and Achievements of Joseph Erap Estrada: shes known to bring back democracy in the country during his time, the MILFs headquarters and camps were captured she abolished 1973 Marcos Constitution brought the new Constitution of the Philippines she reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government was cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989 signed the Family Code of 1987 and 1191 Local Government Code she always initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy shes been cited as a modern-day Joan of Arc by many she is in the new 500 peso bill together with her husband Ninoy Aquino she has received great honors and awards such as one of: 100 Women Who Shaped World History Gloria Arroyo, daughter of ex-president Diosdado Macapagal, was the second female president of the Philippines. She was 14 when she moved and lived in the Malacanang Palace. Oakwood Mutiny occurred on her was among the Magnificent 12 who voted for the termination of the Philippines and US Military Bases Agreement from Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base Source: CC BY Piercing Pens Flickr Photostream 14 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 June 30, 2010) he joined other leaders and politicians who supported against the Charter Change hes the only Filipino who received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) he led the 4th APEC Summit held in the Philippines his Philippines 2000 vision made the Philippine Stock Exchange one of the best in the world in the mid-90s Death Penalty was reinstated at his time a recipient of J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding Source: CC BY SA by Philippinepresidency Flickr Photostream

term. There were also lots of messy controversies against Gloria like impeachments and the Hello Garci disgrace but Gloria has known to have contributed big record for road, bridges infrastructures and higher economic growth than the past 3 presidents term did. Amid the 2008 global financial crisis, the Philippines still had an impressive GDP growth and it was so hard to keep it afloat but she did. Contributions and Achievements of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo:

12 Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 June 30, 1998) FVR was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines before he became president. Unknown to many, hes also a civil engineer. He brought back economic growth and stability in the country in spite of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He is the first and only non-Catholic president of the Philippines. Contributions and Achievements of Fidel V. Ramos during his time, the Philippines was cited as Asias Next Economic Tiger because he brought back economic growth

second female president of the country first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far (to date) first president to had oath taking outside Luzon an ex-professor of Economics at the Ateneo de Manila University where Noynoy Aduino was one of her students an ex-classmate of former US president Bill Clinton at Georgetown Universitys Walsh School of Foreign Service where she maintained Deans list status she regained higher economic growth than the past 3 presidents before her Philippine economy grew at its fastest in 3 decades in 2007, GDP exceeding 7% growth US ex-president Bill Clinton cited Glorias tough decisions because of her brilliant strategy to make the country's economy back in shape amidst the 2008 global financial crisis Peso became the best performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007 eVAT Law was implemented under her term

he signed peace talks and agreement with the MNLF she is currently in the 200 peso bill 13 Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 January 20, 2001) Known as Erap, he was the first president who was a famous film actor. His governance had so many downs due to controversies, impeachment and slow economic growth. I think hes the first president who has been impeached and the second one who was forced to leave the office because of People Power III in Edsa. Philippine economy was at its worst because of leadership uncertainty. Source: CC BY Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Flickr Photostream 15 Benigno Aquino III (June 30, 2010 present) Son of the first female president of the Philippines and Asia Corazon Aquino, Benigno Aquino III Aquino a.k.a. NoyNoy joined the House of Representatives and the Senate before his presidency. He is the first president who is a bachelor, unmarried and has no children. Contributions and Achievements of Benigno Aquino III: he created the no wang-wang policy and this was practiced on his inaugural address he assigned the notable Jesse Robredo as the secretary of DILG in 2010. he initiated the K-12 education in the Philippines he renamed the Office of the Press Secretary into Presidential Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers he signed an EO about suspension of allowances and bonuses of GOCCs and GFIs board members has paved peace in Mindanao thru the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement in 2012, the Philippine economy grew 7.1% besting other South East Asian countries