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Acta Astronautica 91 (2013) 245 250

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Acta Astronautica
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro

A study on the quintic nonlinear beam vibrations using asymptotic approximate approaches
Hamid M. Sedighi n, Kourosh H. Shirazi, Mohammad A. Attarzadeh
Shahid Chamran University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahvaz, Iran

a r t i c l e i n f o
Available online 21 June 2013 Keywords: Iteration perturbation method Stiffness analytical approximation method Homotopy perturbation method with an auxiliary term Maxmin approach Quintic non-linear beam

abstract
This paper intends to promote the application of modern analytical approaches to the governing equation of transversely vibrating quintic nonlinear beams. Four new studied methods are Stiffness analytical approximation method, Homotopy Perturbation Method with an Auxiliary Term, MaxMin Approach (MMA) and Iteration Perturbation Method (IPM). The powerful analytical approaches are used to obtain the nonlinear frequency amplitude relationship for dynamic behavior of vibrating beams with quintic nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that the first terms in series expansions of all methods are sufficient to obtain a highly accurate solution. Finally, a numerical example is conducted to verify the integrity of the asymptotic methods. & 2013 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction An exact formulation of the beam problem was first investigated in terms of general elasticity equations by Love [1]. Structures like helicopter rotor blades, space craft antennae, flexible satellites, airplane wings, robot arms, high-rise buildings, long-span bridges and drill strings can be modeled as a beam-like member. The problem of the vibrating beams was recently formulated in terms of the partial differential equation of motion by many researchers [219] with different boundary conditions. The analytical expression for geometrically non-linear vibration of clampedclamped EulerBernoulli beams including nonlinear straindisplacement relationship has been obtained by Barari et al. [3]. Aranda-Ruiz and Fernndez-Sez [4] studied transversal vibrations of a cantilever beam with time-dependent boundary conditions and non-harmonic exciting force. Formica et al. [5] employed coupling FEM with parameter continuation for analysis of bifurcations of periodic responses of nonlinear beam, subject to a harmonic, transverse direct excitation. Non-linear modal analysis

Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 6113330010; fax: +98 6113336642. E-mail address: hmsedighi@gmail.com (H.M. Sedighi).

of a rotating beams studied by Arvin and Bakhtiari-Nejad [11]. The non-linear response of a buckled beam to a primary resonance of first vibration mode in the presence of internal resonances has been investigated by Emam and Nayfeh [13]. Regular and chaotic dynamics of the flexible Timoshenko-type beams using standard Fourier (FFT) and the continuous wavelet transform method has been studied by Awrejcewicz et al. [14]. Freno and Cizmas [15] investigated the significance of the non-linear terms in a third-order non-linear beam model and showed the importance of retaining terms up to the third order. The large amplitude vibrations of the inextensional beam resting on the elastic foundation under three-to-one internal resonance have been investigated by Wang et al. [16]. The problem of vibrating beam with a variable crosssection fixed on a rotational rigid disk and loaded by a transversal time varying force has been studied by Zolkiewski [19]. Sedighi et al. [2] revealed the advantages of some effective analytical approaches such as MinMax Approach [20], Parameter Expansion Method [21], Hamiltonian Approach [22], Variational Iteration Method [23] and Energy Balance Method [24] on the asymptotic solutions of governing equation of transversely vibrating cantilever beams. The application of new equivalent function for deadzone, preload and saturation nonlinearities

0094-5765/$ - see front matter & 2013 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.06.018

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on the dynamical behavior of beam vibration using the Parameter Expansion Method [21] and the Hamiltonian Approach [22] has been investigated by Sedighi et al. [69,12]. When the vibration amplitudes are moderate or large, the geometric nonlinearity must be included. Numerical solutions such as finite element and boundary element methods have no capability to give parametric solutions. Therefore, they cannot be used to investigate the global and qualitative behavior of the system. Some approximate solutions such as perturbation methods can overcome deficiencies of exact and numerical methods. In recent times, substantial progress had been made in analytical solutions for nonlinear equations without small parameters and several of them have been used to find approximate solutions to nonlinear oscillators. A complete review on various analytical methods for nonlinear oscillators has been presented by He [25]. There have been several classical approaches employed to solve the governing nonlinear differential equations to study the nonlinear vibrations including perturbation methods, He's MaxMin Approach (MMA) [20,26], Laplace Transform Method [10], Homotopy analysis Method [27,28], Adomian decomposition [29], Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) [30,31], SenatorBapat perturbation technique [32], Energy Balance Method [2,24], Multi-scale method [33], Variational Iteration Method [23,34], Monotone Iteration Schemes [35], Hamiltonian Approach [22], Navier and Levy-type solution [36,37], Parameter Expansion Method [21] and Iteration Perturbation Method [38]. In this paper, nonlinear ordinary differential equation of quintic beam vibration is considered asymptotically. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the modern studied analytical approaches are very effective and convenient for nonlinear beam vibration for which the highly nonlinear governing equations exist. 2. Governing equation of motion Consider the simply supported beam of length l, a moment of inertia I, mass per unit length m and a modulus of elasticity E resting on an elastic foundation, which is axially compressed by a loading P as shown in Fig. 1. Denoting by w the transverse deflection, the nondimensional nonlinear equation of motion derived by Sedighi and Reza [39] can be expressed as follows: d q 1 q 2 q3 3 q5 0 d2 where 1 4 Pl 2 ; EI
2 2

To solve nonlinear ordinary Eq. (1) analytically, four modern asymptotic approaches are employed. 3. Overview of the analytical approaches 3.1. Stiffness analytical approximation method Consider the following nonlinear equation f ; q; q _; q 0 q with the following initial conditions: q0 A; _ 0 0; q 4 3

The constructed slope k(A) defined by the following equation [40] kA 2f A f A=2 3A 5

After replacing the nonlinear restoring force with k(A)q, the angular frequency of the nonlinear oscillator can be calculated as p A kA 6 The restoring force of Eq. (1) can be expressed as f q 1 q 2 q3 3 q5 7

Substituting the restoring force into Eq. (4) and using the initial assumed solution in the form q A cos yields kA 1 3 2 A2 3 A4 4 2 3 8

Substituting Eq. (8) into Eq. (6) yields the nonlinear frequency of the beam as a function of the amplitude, as follows: r 3 2 A 1 2 A2 3 A4 9 4 3 And the first approximated solution of the problem using the stiffness analytical approximation method can be expressed as r ! 3 2 10 q A cos 1 2 A2 3 A4 4 3

3.2. Homotopy perturbation method with an auxiliary term The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is a series expansion method used in the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. The method employs a homotopy transform to generate a convergent series solution of differential equations. The HPM was introduced by Ji-Huan He [30] and has been proven to be effective and reliable way for nonlinear oscillation problems. Homotopy Perturbation Method with an Auxiliary Term is based on the construction of the homotopy equation with an auxiliary term in order to choose a suitable initial guess [41]. The proposed method is the extended version of HPM that allows the distribution of the nonlinearities between the different iterations of HPM method. He [42] used the Homotopy Perturbation Method with an Auxiliary Term

3 3 Pl 4 2 6 ; 8 8 EI

15 8 64

Fig. 1. A uniform simply supported beam.

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to obtain the approximate solution of Duffing oscillator equation. Vazquez-Leal et al. [43] presented a new tool for the solution of nonlinear differential equations namely Fixed-Term Homotopy (FTH) which fundamentally is constructed based on the Homotopy Perturbation Method with an Auxiliary Term. Yazdi [44] utilized the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to analysis the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of thin rectangular laminated functionally graded material (FGM) plates. Consider a general nonlinear governing equation Lq N q 0 11

first-order approximate solution with assumption 0 is achieved as r 3 5 1 2 A2 3 A4 21 4 8 In order to achieve the high accuracy solution, the third part of the right hand side of Eq. (15) must be included. A special solution of Eq. (19) can be expressed as q1 1 A3 5 3 A2 4 2 3 A5 cos 3 cos 5 128 3842 2 22

where L and N are the linear operator and nonlinear operator, respectively. He [41] proposed the homotopy equation with an auxiliary term as follows ~ q pLqL ~ q Nq p1pq 0 L 12

Using the perturbation method and substituting Eq. (22) leads to 2 2 q2 0:75 2 A3 cos 1 A cos q 0:625 3 A5 cos A2 cos
5 0:0781 3 2 A7 cos 0:0234 2 2 A cos 2 2 9 2 9 0:06184895832 3 A cos 0:0008 2 3 A cos 9 2 2 7 2 5 0:0234 2 A cos 3 0:070 3 2 A cos 3 2 2 2 9 0:052 3 A cos 3 0:0117 3 2 A7 cos 7 2 2 2 9 2 5 0:015 3 A cos 7 0:0234 2 A cos 5 2 2 7 2 9 0:070 3 2 A cos 5 0:05 3 A cos 5 0 23 2 2

where is an auxiliary parameter. To illustrate the solution procedure, consider the nonlinear oscillator in the form of Eq. (1). Therefore, the linear operator can be choosed in the form [41] ~ q q 2 q L 13

where is the frequency which should be determined. Accordingly, using Eq. (1) the homotopy equation can be constructed in the form 2 q p 1 2 q 2 q3 3 q5 p1pq 0 q 14

Assume that the solution can be expressed in a power series in p as follows q q0 pq1 p q2 :::
2

15

Substituting Eq. (15) into (14), and using the standard perturbation method yields 0 2 q0 0; q 1 p 2 q0 0 A; _ 0 0 0 q 16

Solution of Eq. (23) should not contain the so-called secular term cos t . To ensure so, the right-hand side of this equation should not contain the terms cos, that is, the coefficients of cos must be zero:
7 2 5 A2 0:0618A9 2 3 0:0781A 3 2 0:0234 2 A 0

24

Solving Eq. (20) and (24) simultaneously leads to

r q 3 5 2 6 4 2 4 2 8 1 2 A2 3 A4 2 1 0:6525 2 A 0:638 3 A 1:5 2 1 A 1:25 3 2 A 1:25 1 3 A 4 8

25

1 2 q1 1 q0 2 q0 q0 2 q3 q 0 3 q5 0 0; q1 0 0; _ 1 0 0 q 17

3.3. MaxMin approach In many engineering problems, it is easy to find maximum/minimum interval of solution of a nonlinear equation. From this maximumminimum relationship called He Chengtian inequality which has millennia history, He [20] introduced approximated solutions for nonlinear vibrating systems. Consider a generalized nonlinear oscillator in the form: qf q; q _; q 0; q q0 A; _ 0 0; q 26

Solving Eq. (16) yields q0 A cos and substituting q0 into Eq. (17) results into   5 3 1 2 q 1 3 A5 2 A3 A2 A 1 A cos q 8 4
  1 5 1 2 A3 3 A5 cos 3 A5 cos 5 0; 4 16 16 3

18

q1 0 0;

_ 1 0 0 q

19

According to the idea of the MinMax approach, we choose a trial-function in the form: q A cos 27

Eliminating the secular term lead to 5 3 A5 2 A3 A2 A 1 A 0 8 3 4 20

where is the unknown frequency which to be determined. The method implies that the square of frequency

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satisfies the following inequality: f min 2 f max 28

equation, an artificial parameter should be introduced as d q q 1 2 q2 3 q4 0 d2 Eq. (37) can be approximated by [38] d q 4 q 1 2 q2 0 3 q0 0 d2
2 2

37

where f max and f min are the maximum and minimum values of the function f, respectively. According to the Chentian interpolation [20], we obtain f kf max 2 min 1k 29

35

The value of k can be approximately determined by various approximate methods. So the solution of Eq. (1) can be expressed as 0s 1 f min kf max A 30 q A cos @ 1k In order to apply the minmax procedure, Eq. (1) should be rewritten in the following form d q 1 2 q2 3 q4 q 0 d2
2

where q0 is the initial approximate solution. The initial solution can be assumed in the formq0 A cos , where is the unknown angular frequency and should be determined. Substituting q0 into equation (38) yields d q q 1 2 A2 cos 2 3 A4 cos 4 0 d2
2 2

39

31

Eq. (39) can be rewritten in the following form   d q 1 1 3 4 2 q q q A A cos 2 q 3 A4 1 3 2 2 2 8 d2 1 1 q 2 A2 q 3 A4 cos 4 0 40 2 8 assuming that q q0 q1 ::: 1 2 c1 ::: 41 42

Assuming the solution of the above equation in the form of Eq. (30) yields: 2 min 1 ; 2 max 1 2 A 3 A ;
2 4

32

Therefore, according to Eq. (28) we have 1 2 1 2 A2 3 A4 ; and under assumption (29) we obtain 2 1 k 1 2 A2 3 A4 1k 34 33

Using Bubnov-Galerkin procedure and substituting Eqs. (34) and (30) into Eq. (1) results in the following value for parameter k: k 5 3 A2 6 2 2 2 3 3 A2 35

Substituting Eqs. (41) and (42) into (40), and equating the coefficients of the same power of , the following differential equation for q1 can be obtained   2 d q1 3 5 3 5 2 q A Ac A coss 1 1 4 2 8 3 d2   5 1 3 A5 2 A3 coss3 16 4 1 A5 cos 5 0 43 16 3 If the term cos exists in the right hand side of Eq. (43), the secular term cos will appear in the final solution. Therefore, the coefficient of this term in (43) should be equal to zero, so we Have 3 5 c1 2 A2 3 A4 4 8 44

Substituting Eq. (35) into Eq. (34) yields the nonlinear frequency of the beam as a function of the amplitude, as follows: r 3 5 A 1 2 A2 3 A4 36 4 8

3.4. Iteration perturbation method The Iteration Perturbation Method proposed by He [38] is constructed based on perturbation technique coupling with the iteration method. This method is valid not only for weakly nonlinear problems but also for strongly nonlinear differential equations. Ganji et al. [45] achieved an accurate analytical solution for the nonlinear free vibration of a conservative oscillator with inertia using IPM. Marinca and Herisanu [46] employed modified iteration perturbation method in order to obtain some approximate solutions of strong nonlinear oscillators. Consider the nonlinear quintic Eq. (1), in order to obtain a iteration perturbation solution of the governing

the nonlinear frequency can be determined from the relations (42) and (44) with 1, in the following form r 3 5 A 1 2 A2 3 A4 45 4 8 which agrees exactly with the approximate solutions obtained by MinMax approach. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches to approximate the analytical solutions, the authors plot the analytical solutions and numerical results, simultaneously. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the obtained approximations of q() using four analytical methods for different system parameters, shows an excellent agreement with numerical results using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The approximate analytical solutions exhibit that the novel analytical approaches attains a highly accurate solution of the problem.

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Fig. 2. Comparison of the results of asymptotic approaches with the numerical solution. Solid line: numerical solution, symbols: approximate solutions, (a) A 0.1, 1 76.2, 2 438.9, (b) A 0.15, 1 95.3, 2 368.4, (c) A 0.125,1 97.4, 2 360.6, and (d) A 0.05,1 97.4, 2 360.6.

4. Conclusions In this research, four novel and powerful asymptotic methods were employed to solve the governing equation of nonlinear vibration of quintic beams. An excellent analytical solutions using modern asymptotic approaches was obtained. The integrity of the obtained analytical solutions is verified by numerical methods. The accuracy of the results demonstrate that the methods can be potentiality used for the analysis of strongly nonlinear oscillation problems. References
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