COUPLES

Problem 245 Refer to Fig. 2-24a. A couple consists of two vertical forces of 60 lb each. One force acts up through A and the other acts down through D. Transform the couple into an equivalent couple having horizontal forces acting through E and F.

Solution 245

answer Problem 246 Determine the resultant moment about point A of the system of forces shown in Fig. P-246. Each square is 1 ft on a side.

Solution 246

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Problem 247 The three-step pulley shown in Fig. P-247 is subjected to the given couples. Compute the value of the resultant couple. Also determine the forces acting at the rim of the middle pulley that are required to balance the given system.

Solution 247 Solving for the resultant couple

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Solving for equivalent couple acting in the middle pulley

The resultant couple is composed of two 63.3 lb forces.

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Problem 248 To close a gate valve it is necessary to exert two forces of 60 lb at opposite sides of a handwheel 3 ft in diameter. Through an accident the wheel is broken and the valve must be closed by a thrusting bar through a slot in the valve stem and exerting a force 4 ft out from the center.

Determine the force required and draw a free-body diagram of the bar.

Solution 248 Required couple to close the gate valve

Equivalent torque for the lever

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Problem 249 Fig. P-249 represents the top view of a speed reducer which is geared for a four to one reduction in speed. The torque input at the horizontal shaft C is 100 lbft. The torque output at the horizontal shaft D, because of the speed reduction, is 400 lbft. Compute the torque reaction at the mounting bolts A and B holding the reducer to the floor. Hint: The torque reaction is caused by the unbalanced torque, which is a couple.

Solution 249 The couple resistance at the bolts is equivalent to the difference of torques on each shaft

R = 120 lb up at A and down at B.

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Problem 250 The cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-250 carries a vertical load of 10.8 kN. The truss is supported by bearing at A and B which exert the forces Av, Ah, and Bh. The four forces shown constitute two couples which must have opposite moment effects to prevent movement of the truss. Determine the magnitude of the supporting forces.

Solution 250

The given load and AV produce a counterclockwise couple

Since Bh = Ah, the two are clockwise couple.

Thus,

Summary (answer)

Problem 251 A vertical force P at A and another vertical force F at B in Fig. P-251 produce a resultant of 100 lb down at D and a counterclockwise couple C of 200 lbft. Find the magnitude and direction of forces P and F.

Solution 251

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answer Problem 252 A force system consists of a clockwise couple of 480 Nm plus a 240 N force directed up to the right through the origin of X and Y axes at x = 30. Replace the given system by an equivalent single force and compute the intercepts of its line of action with the X and Y axes.

Solution 252 The figure below shows the given force system

The force system above can be replaced by the following three force system shown below where the two pair into a couple which is the couple 480 Nm. The effect of these forces would be the

same as the original system.

The two opposing forces above will get canceled, thus, leaving a single force with the same effect as the three forces above which in turn has the same effect to the original system.

Thus, the equivalent single force is 240 N parallel to the given one and at a distance d = 2 m from O. The intercepts of this single force are A(-4, 0) and B(0, 2.31). answer

Problem 253 In Fig. P-253 a system of forces reduces to downward vertical force 400 lb through A plus a counterclockwise couple of 800 lbft. Determine the single force that will produce an equivalent effect.

Solution 253

Problem 254 Rework Prob. 253 if the system reduces to a leftward horizontal force of 300 lb through point A

plus a clockwise couple of 750 lbft.

Solution 254

Problem 255 A short compression member carries an eccentric load P = 200 lb situated 2 in. from the axis of the member, as shown in Fig. P-225. In strength of materials it is learned that the internal stresses are determined from the equivalent axial load and couple into which P may be resolved. Determine the equivalent axial load and couple.

Solution 255

Problem 256 A vertical shaft AB is 5 ft long and bolted to a rigid support at its lower end A. At its upper end B is attached a horizontal bar BC which is 2 ft long. At the end of C is applied a force P = 180 lb. Force P is perpendicular to the plane containing points A, B, and C. Determine the twisting effect of P on the shaft AB and the bending effect at point A.

Solution 256

Twisting effect

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Bending effect

answer Problem 257 Replace the system of forces acting on the frame in Fig. P-257 by a resultant R at A and a couple acting horizontally through B and C.

Solution 257 Resultant of vertical forces

Moment about point A

Location of R as measured from point A

Magnitude of horizontal couple at B and C

Thus the given system is equivalent to downward force of 50 kN at point A and clockwise couple of 220 kNm. The couple is represented by 110 kN horizontal forces at B and C. The force at B is to the right and the force at C is to the left, producing the clockwise couple. answer

Problem 258 Replace the system of forces shown in Fig. P-258 by an equivalent force through O and a couple acting through A and B. Solve if the forces of the couple are (a) horizontal and (b) vertical.

Solution 258

Equivalent force through O and couple through A and B are shown in the figure below: