NEGERI SEMBILAN 2012 No.

1(a) (i) (ii) Answer Haber Temperature: 450-500oC Pressure: 200atm Catalyst: Iron/ Iron powder/iron filings 3H2 + N2 2NH3 1. Hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to produce ammonia gas 2. 3 mol of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mol of nitrogen gas to produce 2 mol of ammonia gas. 1. Stage 2 2.catalyst: Vanadium (V) oxide Oleum 8 2.6 Group 16, Period 2 Ionic P2Q Conducts electricity in molten and aqueous state// high melting/boiling point// soluble in water RQ2 1.label nucleus with correct number of electron shells 2. sharing 2 pairs of electrons and correct number of electrons 1. Atom S has achieved octet electron arrangement/ 8 electrons in the outermost shell 2. Atom S does not release, accept or share electrons with other atoms (minus 1 mark if no ATOM) Water/steam Able to draw all isomers for butane: but-1-ene, but-2-ene, 2-methylprop-1-ene Purple to colourless CO2/ H2O/ (CH3CH2CH2COO)2Ca/ (C3H7COO)2Ca -OH / hydoxyl Esterification Able to draw butylethanoate H HHH H H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C H O HHHH H Mark 1

(iii) (iv)

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(b) (i) (ii) 2(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (b)(i) (ii) (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (d)

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3(a) (i) (ii) (b)(i) (ii) (c)(i) (ii) (c) (iii)

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4 (a)

Change in quantity of reactant/ product in a certain range of time// speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction

(b) (c)(i)

(ii) (d)

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 1.No.of mole of hydrogen gas = 30/24000 = 0.00125 2. Mole Ratio of HCl: H2 = 2: 1 =0.0025: 0.00125 3. Concentration of HCl= 0.0025 x 1000/50 = 0.05moldm-3 30/5 = 6cm3min-1 30/5x60 = 0.1cm3s-1 1. The concentration of H+ ion decreases// The number of H+ ion per unit volume decreases 2. The frequency of collision between H+ ion and zinc decreases 3. The frequency of effective collision decreases Volume of gas/cm3 60-------------------

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(e)

1 30------------------Time/min 5 (a) (b) (c)(i) (ii) (d)(i) (ii) Ag+, NO3-, H+, OHThe position of silver rod/anode and iron spoon/cathode// electrodes Silver rod becomes thinner// iron spoon become thicker// grey solid deposited on the iron spoon Ag Ag+ + e Show direction of electron flow from iron spoon to silver 1. Iron spoon 2. Iron is more electropositive than silver// The position of iron is higher than silver in electrochemical series Ag+ 1.Increase 2. The distance between zinc and silver in electrochemical series is further than iron and silver O S O1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(iii) (iv)

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6(a)(i)

(ii)

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

O 1. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ion 2. Detergent particles/ion react with calcium and magnesium ion in hard water to form soluble salt// does not form scum 3. Soap particles/ion form scum// insoluble salt Analgesics Circle -COOH Internal bleeding//stomach ulcer

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(iv) 7.(a)(i)

Paracetamol Show method (table) to determine empirical formula Empirical formula= CH2O (12+2+16)n = 60 // n=2 Molecular formula= C2H4O2 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 2.8.8.1 1. Q in Group 1 2. Atom Q has 1 valence electron 3.Q in Period 4 4. Atom Q has 4 shells filled with electrons 1. Cut Q into small pieces 2. Use filter paper to remove the oil from Q 3. Fill a basin with water 4. Put Q on the surface of water 5. Observation: Q move very vigorously on the surface of water// burns with a lilac/purple flame//burns with white flame//produce plenty of fizz 1.P is more reactive than sodium 2. Atom Q has more shells filled with electron// atom Q has bigger size 3. The distance between valence electron and nucleus in atom P is further 4. The attraction forces between valence electron and nucleus in atom P is weaker 5. Atom P more easily releases the valence electron 1. pH value of ethanoic acid higher// pH value of nitric acid is lower 2.ethanoic acid is a weak acid// nitric acid is a strong acid 3. ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce lower concentration of hydrogen ion// nitric acid ionizes completely in water to produce higher concentration of hydrogen ion. 4. Concentration of H+ ion in ethanoic acid is lower// Concentration of H+ ion in nitric acid is higher 1.Ammonia exist as molecule in propanone 2. no hydroxide ions presen//the solution is not alkaline 3. ammonia ionizes partially in water to produce hydroxide ion 4. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH5. the presence of OH- ions makes the solution alkali 1. Pour [20-100]cm3 dilute/ [0.1 1.0] moldm-3 sulphuric acid into a beaker 2.Add zinc carbonate into the acid 3. Add zinc carbonate into the acid until in excess 4.Filter the mixture 5. Heat the filtrate until saturated/ 1/3 of original volume 6.Cool and filter the saturated solution 7. Dry the crystal between two filter papers

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(ii) (b)(i) (ii)

(c)(i)

(ii)

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8(a)

(b)

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(c)(i)

8. ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 (c)(ii) 1.Number of mol of H2SO4 = 100/1000 x 1.0 = 0.1mol 2.Mole ratio of H2SO4 : ZnSO4 = 1: 1 = 0.1: 0.1 3. Mass of ZnSO4 = 0.1 x [65 + 32 + 4(16)] = 16.1g

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9(a) (i) (ii)

Sodium hydroxide solution// potassium hydroxide solution Energy H+ + OHH = -57kJmol-1

3 H2O (iii) 1. One mole of acid/H+ react with one mole of alkali/OH- to form one mole of water( and salt) 2. Released 57kJ heat// exothermic process 3. The total energy content of reactants is higher than products Lead(II) sulphate // any soluble salt 1. Materials: Lead(II) nitrate solution, sodium sulphate solution// any soluble sulphate// sulphuric acid 2. Apparatus: Measuring cylinder, plastic/polystyrene cup, thermometer Procedure: 3. Measure (20-100 cm3) of ( 0.1-2.0 moldm-3) lead(II) nitrate solution 4. Pour the solution into a plastic/ polystyrene cup 5. Record the initial temperature of the solution 6. Measure (20-100 cm3) of ( 0.1-2.0 moldm-3) sodium sulphate solution 7. Pour the solution into another plastic/polystyrene cup 8. Record the initial temperature of the solution 9. Pour the lead(II) sulphate solution quickly into the sodium sulphate Solution 10. Stir the mixture 11. Record the highest temperature reached 1. Measure and record data: - Initial temperature of lead(II) nitrate solution = T1oC - Initial temperature of sodium sulphate solution = T2oC - Average initial temperature= T3oC - Highest temperature= T4oC 1 1 1 1 1 1

(b)

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2. Calculate heat given out: - H = (40-200)4.2(T4oC T3oC) J = X J 3. Calculate number of mole - Mole= [volume (20-100cm3) x concentration (0.1 -2 moldm-3)] 1000 = Y mol 4. Calculate heat of precipitation -H = - (X 1000)/Y kJmol-1 10(a) Zn/Zinc Oxidation number of zinc increases// zinc gains oxygen// zinc release electron Example of P= Bromine liquid 1. Fe2+ Fe3+ + e 2. Br2 + 2e 2Br3. Iron(II) ions lose electrons to become iron(III) ions. Iron(II) ions are oxidized 4. Bromine molecules gain electrons to form bromide ions. Bromine molecules are reduced.

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(b)

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Example of Q = Zinc powder 1. Fe3+ + e Fe2+ 2. Zn Zn2+ + 2e 3. Iron(III) ions gain electrons to become iron(II) ions. Iron(III) ions are reduced 4. Zinc atoms lose electrons to form zinc ions. Zinc atoms are oxidized. (c) 1. Oxidising agent: Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution/any suitable oxidizing agent 2. Reducing agent: Iron(II) solution/ any other suitable reducing agent Procedure: 3.Pour dilute sulphuric acid into a U-tube 4. Using a dropper, add iron(II) sulphate solution/any other reducing agent at the side 5. and acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution/ any other oxidizing agent at the right side 6. Place carbon electrode in each side of the U-tube 7. Connect the electrodes to a galvanometer by using connecting wires 8.Record any change that can be observed after a few minutes Observations: 9. The green colour of iron(II) solution turns brown 10. The purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution is decolourised

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