Structural Analysis Prefixes-word parts that are added to the beginning of root words; adding a prefix to a root word

changes the meaning of the word Suffixes-word parts that are added to the end of a root word Infixes-word parts added inside of a root word Context Clues-these are hints in a sentence about an unfamiliar word Homonyms Heteronyms Homophones Synonyms Antonyms Compound words Idioms

Common Prefixes that give the meaning of a number: Exercise 4 1. Duet is a piece of music for two players or singer. 2. Triplet is a group of three equal notes to be played or sung in the time usually taken to play or sing two of the same kind. 3. Quatrain is a poem or verse of a poem that has four lines. 4. An open square area that has buildings all around it, especially in a school or college is called a quadrangle . 5. One of the five children born at the same time to the same mother is quintuplet . 6. A flat shape with five straight sides and five angles is a pentagon . Common Prefixes that give the meaning of a number: Exercise 4 7. Sextet is a group of six musicians or singers who play or sing together. 8. A flat shape with six straight sides and six angles is a hexagon . 9. A group of seven musicians or singers is septet . 10. A flat shape with eight straight sides and eight angles is an octagon . Exercise 3 1. He has made a number of minor changes /extra changes to his techniques. 2. Mr. John, a foreign journalist, was being (to force sb to leave) expelled from the company because of his irresponsibility. 3. Jane is a (person who is able to speak two languages) bilingual . 4. Many department stores in Bangkok campaign for using UV (able to be destroyed by ultraviolet) biodegradable bags.

Exercise 3 5. This envelop is made from recycled (to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again) paper. -1-

6. It can be dangerous for an outsider to (come between in an attempt to settle a difficulty) intervene in a family disagreement. 7. Many rural people still believe in (spiritual) supernatural being. 8. My writing teacher is (too ready to see things that are wrong) hypercritical of my work. 9. My homework was so bad that I had to rewrite (write again) it. Exercises Exercise 1 1. Im sorry I misinterpreted/ misunderstood her message already. 2. As soon as we got to our room, we unpacked our luggage and went out shopping. 3. She came by to say hello to me, and then disappeared immediately. I have no idea where she is now. 4. The university landlord finally managed to unlock the door of the apartment for a whole month during final exam period. 5. I disliked the movie, but everyone else enjoyed it. 6. He wrapped my present so well that it took me quite a long time to unwrap it. 7. I was so tired that I fell asleep with out getting undressed. 8. My spell checker corrects my mistakes whenever I misspell a word. 9. One of the students misread/ misunderstood the article so his presentation was all wrong. 10. It was a terrible situation to be among them. They always argue, shout and yell to each other whenever they disagree. Exercise 6 : The salmon are running Each June, this cry brings the entire John family on a 200-mile trip to flooded banks of the great Copper River for two eventful months of 1. exciting and hard work. With their camp in readiness. Harry and his father begin the 2. construction of their fish wheel, while awaiting the 3. arrival of The rest of the family. The fish wheel, designed by Harrys father, is very 4. effective in spite of its simplicity, and needs, but little daily 5. attendance . They build it from scrap lumber-willow- or birch and fasten it to a raft with it anchorage a few feet in the water. Exercise 6

As the wheel turns with rapidity in the energetic current, it scoops up the salmon and other fish which are plenteous during a run. The slippery fish then slide down a trough into a large box beside the wheel. The Johns may catch 3,000 salmon the number 6. allowable by their permit during the season. Some of these fish they smoke for their own use; some they dry for food dogs, and if they are fortunate they have some to sell to help pay Harrys school expense.
II. Study the word roots and their meanings. Read the sentences. The underlined word in each sentence contains a root. Select the meaning of each root. Write it on the space provided. alter other bibere drink chronos time cad fail cred believe dole suffer ego I male badly omni all par equal

_____ 1. The egocentric believes that the world revolves around him. a. self-made person c. accomplished person

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b. mad person

d. self-centered person

_____ 2. There is a disparity between the rate of vocabulary growth of a child and of an adult. a. similarity b. difference c. connection d. intensity _____ 3. His omniscience on the topic was not doubted by those who heard him answer different questions brilliantly. a. infinite knowledge c. infinite ignorance b. ignorance d. interest _____ 4. The citys leading department store is now in a decadent state because of mismanagement. a. ruined b. happy c. progressive d. united _____ 5. His altruism is evident from his generosity. a. love for truth b. love for others c. other nature d. honesty

_____ 6. It is incredible that an entirely desirable woman like her has no suitors. a. probable b. possible c. disappointing d. unbelievable _____ 7. The bibulous man cannot eat without wine. a. alcoholic b. thirsty c. harmless d. hungry d. indifferent Dev. Reading,

_____ 8. Her dolorous attitude makes her look rather old for her age. a. annoying b. sorrowful c. anxious pg. 2

_____ 9. Lets synchronize our watches so all of us will come on time. a. put together c. set them at the same time b. arrange d. change _____10. One cannot utter a malediction against a loved one. a. curse c. offensive statement b. prophecy d. command algia pain please trep alarm dexter right hand ine similar, like magna great, large pan all phone sound psyche mind viv live

place

_____ 1. The voluptuous woman moved with feline grace. a. cat like b. female-like c. dog like _____ 2. The vivacious manner of the model makes her popular. a. sophisticated b. serious c. lively

d. horse like d. funny

_____ 3. The workmanship of the basket shows that a dexterous worker made it. a. resourceful b. young c. skillful d. self-reliant _____ 4. He grew tired of the cacophony of the city and retired to his rest house in the woods. a. discordant sound c. lively entertainment b. quiet sound d. fast life _____ 5. The psychic revealed what the teacher was thinking. a. lunatic c. mind reader b. spy d. psychology professor _____ 6. Giving help to the flood victims was a magnanimous act. a. over-acting b. big-hearted c. fake d. innovative

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_____ 7. Researchers, doctors, and scientists are working hard to discover a panacea and make this world a truly pleasant place to live in. a. good life for all people c. cure for all disease b. machine for all house works d. dress for all occasion _____ 8. After several months of travel he became nostalgic. a. irritable b. adjusted c. tired d. homesick

_____ 9. The long dry season is enough to cause trepidation, especially to farmers who are wholly dependent on their yield for their livelihood. a. calmness b. worry c. pain d. tranquility _____10. The students could not think of a way to placate their teacher. a. pacify b. say please c. answer d. invite

III. Read each sentence below and write the base word of the underlined word in the blank provided. ___________________ 1. True patriotism is not shown by words but by deeds. ___________________ 2. If you want to criticize the work of a child, do so tactfully. ___________________ 3. Your whispers were so audible that everyone could hear the secrets you were telling. ___________________ 4. She does not mind having forty-five students in her class as long as they are all teachable. ___________________ 5. Instead of keeping your problems to yourself, verbalize them and you will relax. ___________________ 6. Tune your instruments so that your notes will harmonize. ___________________ 7. Sometimes, his liberalism is to blame. People take advantage of his good nature and abuse it. ___________________ 8. Some think Mr. Velasquez is temperamental. ___________________ 9. Students courses aim for Globalization. ___________________10. The international community was overwhelmed.

Dev. pg. 3

Reading,

IV. Read the given sentence. Choose the correct words in parentheses. Write the LETTER on the space provided. _____ 1. He talked so fast that he ( a. pronounced , b. mispronounced ) many words. _____ 2. When the rescue party finally reached the stranded bus, the passengers who had been injured were bobbling and in a ( a. unconscious , b. semiconscious ) state. _____ 3. Some people feel that the bookkeeping in the company should be ( a. disorganized , b. reorganized ) to improve the service.

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_____ 4. The social worker does not think our boy is really bad. He has only been ( a. misled , b. unled ) by bad boys into doing foolish things. _____ 5. The dog is so intelligent that it seems almost ( a. human , b. inhuman ). _____ 6. The judge is ( a. afraid , b. unafraid ) in spite of the threats on his life. _____ 7. His explanation was clear and we easily ( a. understood , b. misunderstood ) him. _____ 8. Your arguments are ( a. unlogical , b. illogical ) and the majority disagree with you. _____ 9. If you wish, we may ( a. misplant , b. transplant ) the roses to see is they will grow better in another place. _____10. The ink stain has become ( a. invisible , b. imvisible ) after several washings. _____11. You have to ( a. unheat , b. preheat ) the oven before putting the cake mixture in it. _____12. The story is ( a. incomplete , b. uncomplete ). All you have to do is rewrite the parts that are not clear. _____13. If you ( a. uncover , b. re-cover ) the sofa, it will be as good as now. _____14. Do not act like a spoiled brat so that people will not ( a. disjudge , b. misjudge ) you. _____15. The city should work for the ( a. anti noise , b. noise ) low.

V. Read the given sentences. Choose the word from that will fit the context. Write the LETTER on the space provided. 1 2. a. sympathy b. sympathize c. sympathetic

_____ A 1. ___ woman went to a girl to ask why she was crying, _____ but her _____ was wasted because the girl only glared at her. 3 4. a. origin b. originated c. originally

_____ The 3. _____ belonged to an old neighbor who did not _____ know the 4. ___ of the strange old story connected to it. 5 6. a. prompt b. promptly c. promptness

_____ Your 5. ___ reply to the managers letter helped you get the job. _____ The chief thing he expects from his employees is 6. ___ 7 8. a. prosper _____ The business will 7. ___ if we all work hard. _____ Its 8. ___ will be ours too. 9 10. a. terror b. terrified c. terrible b. prosperity c. prosperous

_____ The 9. ___ story of the man beheaded by unknown enemies 10. ___ the people _____ of the community.

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VI. Give examples of compound words using the given combinations. 1. noun + noun = noun

2. adverb + noun = noun Dev. pg. 4 3. adjective + noun = noun Reading,

4. verb + adverb = noun

5. verb + noun = noun

6. adjective + noun = noun

7. adverb + adjective = adjective

8. adverb + adjective = adjective

9. noun + adjective = adverb

10. phrase oddities

VII. Select the word or phrase that most nearly means the same as the underlined word. Choose the LETTER and write it on the space provided. _____ 1. We cannot completely eradicate ignorance if our children continue to be truant and indifferent. a. decrease b. hate c. eliminate d. reduce _____ 2. Charlies retort to his mothers question shocked his father. a. short answer b. sharp answer c. sweet answer _____ 3. A wise dictum can guide a mans actions and thoughts. a. saying b. judgment c. decision statement _____ 4. Ms. Frias temper rose when she saw the unkempt rooms. a. damaged b. dirty c. ugly _____ 5. April showed indifference to the babbling of her loquacious guest. a. lively b. bold c. talkative d. drab-looking d. aggressive d. simple answer d. authoritative

_____ 6. The inhabitants were dismayed to see the parched riverbed where they had often fished before. a. dry b. shallow c. deep d. pale

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_____ 7. The hunchback had to bear the jeers of the class. a. attention b. curiosity c. mocking laughter _____ 8. If you do not want to wreck your life, keep away from drugs. a. live b. change c. ruin _____ 9. The rebels were repelled by our men. a. insulted b. driven back c. shocked

d. questions d. reform d. welcomed

_____10. The mushrooming of night spots is a menace to peace and order in the community. a. help b. destruction c. threat d. problem Read each sentence very well and underline the word/s that is/are not in its/their proper form. Use suffixes to correct the words and write your corrections on the space provided. ________________________ 1. The frequent of his visits delighted me. ________________________ 2. Lets class the books in the library. ________________________ 3. On a chill and fog day, we donned our new coat. ________________________ 4. I noticed her awkard as she walked down the aisle in her first high heels. ________________________ 5. We always listen to the announce who has a very soothing voice. ________________________ 6. We thanked the manage of the hotel for its support. ________________________ 7. After our appoint with the dentist, we went home. ________________________ 8. I remember my child years in the lazy town of Calamba. ________________________ 9. The transform of the cocoon into a beautiful butterfly always warms the heart. ________________________10. The radiant of the bride was noticed by the guests. ________________________11. We strived to find the wreck of the plane. ________________________12. I have always admired the pure of her soul. ________________________13. Narrate writing is her forte. ________________________14. Charlie met Kathleen in a confer held in Bangkok. ________________________15. The divide of the property was controversial. ________________________16. April wants to simple everything. ________________________17. Lyndons grief over the incident is beyond description. ________________________18. The delight trip was organized by Nico. ________________________19. My room is space because it lacks furnishing. ________________________20. Kens danger move saved the team. D. W. III, pg. 2 III. Read each sentence very well. Determine the prefix that will complete the word in the parenthesis. Write the entire word on the space provided.

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mal mis -

un non -

im ir -

re in

______________________ 1. The (committed) bachelor comforts his youngest sister. ______________________ 2. The River Styx makes one (vulnerable). ______________________ 3. Their marriage had always seemed (likely). ______________________ 4. The (possibility) of the demand seems to mock the family. ______________________ 5. (Fortunate), he never loved her. ______________________ 6. (Manage), destroyed the good name of the resort. ______________________ 7. She was a victim of (practice). ______________________ 8. The thief remains (visible) in the darkness. ______________________ 9. She is tactless which is why people (interpret) her attitude. ______________________10. April is busy with La Mesa Dams (forestation). ______________________11. Mildred scorns (demeanor) in her classes. ______________________12. A (adjusted) teenager will always try to commit suicide. ______________________13. I hope ABS-CBN will do a (play) of Michael Jacksons tribute.

IV. Read each sentence carefully and try to get the meaning of the underlined word through context. Write the LETTER on the space provided. _____ 1. The lake is placid during the fair weather. a. peaceful b. deep c. beautiful d. sparkling d. pretty d. splendor d. thoroughly wet d. prolific d. lively d. works d. measure

_____ 2. A capricious woman changes her decisions very easily. a. calm b. changeable c. demure _____ 3. Kings live in grandeur. a. frugality b. poverty c. simplicity

_____ 4. He came in drenched and shivering one rainy afternoon. a. cold b. feverish c. snug _____ 5. Avoid lavish spending so you can save from your meager income. a. excessive b. frugal c. minimal _____ 6. Lizas benign manners endeared her to her teachers. a. beautiful b. cheerful c. gentle _____ 7. A young bride often bickers with her husband. a. agrees b. complains c. quarrels

_____ 8. You should learn how to haggle with the vendors in public markets. a. bargain b. compute c. count

_____ 9. Among his four children, the youngest had the most genial disposition. a. bright b. clear c. friendly d. timid _____10. The penitent woman bowed her head and wept silently. a. humble b. repentant c. shameful d. troublesome

_____11. Affluent families enjoy the comforts provided by modern home appliances.

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a. healthy

b. influential

c. powerful

d. wealthy d. homely d. advance d. opposition D. W. III,

_____12. The fishing village looked desolate after the typhoon. a. deserted b. deprived c. haunted _____13. The invention of the computer was a breakthrough in science. a. method b. technique c. accident _____14. The suspicious villagers met the foreigners with hostility. a. doubt b. friendliness c. open arms

pg. 3 _____15. The dauntless men raided the enemy in their hideout. a. brave c. outnumbered b. countless d. veteran _____16. The queens flawless complexion added to her regal beauty. a. brunette c. white b. colorful d. perfect _____17. Because of long drought, the farmers in Nueva Ecija are doubtful about the prospect of a good harvest. a. amenable c. sympathetic b. assured d. uncertain _____18. Mr. Domaoal called that girl stubborn because she never wavered from her decisions. a. indignant c. obstinate b. unjust d. resolute _____19. Psychologists encourage their patients not to get upset over trivial things. a. indistinct c. necessary b. essential d. unimportant _____20. The teacher was so engrossed in checking the papers that she was surprised to hear her clock strike at ten oclock. a. enthusiastic c. thoughtful b. fully occupied d. worried _____21. Preservatives are added to bread to keep it from getting stale. a. flat c. small b. old d. bland _____22. The pact between the two clans has been in effect for twenty years. a. lease c. argument b. treaty d. enmity _____23. The murderer was caught but his accomplice disappeared. a. the people who saw him c. a man with the weapon b. a person who helped him d. someone with expensive goods _____24. The successful use of anti-toxins and serums has virtually annihilated the threat of malaria, yellow fever, and other insect-borne diseases. a. announced c. improved b. discovered d. removed _____25. His weak character surfaces every time he succumbs to the whims of his unreasonably jealous wife. a. delights c. rebels b. marvels d. accepts

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V. Determine what type of context clue is used in the given sentences. Choose from the given options. Write your choice on the space provided. A. Definition B. Analogy C. Contrast D. Appositive E. Example F. Explanation

_____ 1. The students are busy doing aesthetic activities such as poster making, poetry writing about nature and painting scenic spots. _____ 2. Mr. Angeles who is an ecologist, a person who specializes in the relationships between living things, will speak before us today. _____ 3. The cornea is the transparent outer coating of the eyeball. _____ 4. Acetic acid or vinegar is an ingredient in cooking adobo. _____ 5. The house was ostentatious. It was standing over the hill in a lofty manner. It was a showcase of luxury and affluence. _____ 6. My teacher said that prose is a literary medium patterned after our everyday speech. _____ 7. Robinhood and Huckleberry Finn are characters from picaresque novels. _____ 8. Determine his innate characteristics, not the acquired ones. _____ 9. A satellite is like an inverted umbrella. _____10. The clairvoyant, a seer, said that I will meet an accident today. D. W. III, pg. 4 VI. Form compound words using the given words. Write the words on the space provided. fire photo runner finger burn look hand prone over room ache self leg write heart tip water out come center accident piece set back graph up down proof me walk

1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________ 4. ________________________________ 5. ________________________________ 6. ________________________________

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7. ________________________________ 8. ________________________________ 9. ________________________________ 10. _______________________________ 11. _______________________________ 12. _______________________________ 13. _______________________________ 14. _______________________________ 15. _______________________________

WORD ASSOCIATION: Identify the type of word association used in the given sets of words. Choose your answer from the given choices. Write the LETTER on the space provided. A. Assonance B. Characteristic / Property C. Completion D. Contrast E. Co-ordination _____ 1. lion : animal , barracuda : fish _____ 2. jasmine : hyacinth , rose ; tulip _____ 3. snake : hiss , slither : bite _____ 4. raft : boat : canoe _____ 5. car : Chevrolet , crosswind : civic _____ 6. solid : solidarity : solidify _____ 7. Back to the Sack said hunchback Jack _____ 8. clockwise ; counter-clockwise , crosswise : lengthwise _____ 9. trumpet : tuba : French horn : oboe : flute _____10. verb : adverb _____11. close : closefisted , pitch : pitch black _____12. abstract : concise , general : specific _____13. a flicker of light made the night bright _____14. hair : sleek, blond, shiny, wavy _____15. priest : priestess , prophet : prophetess _____16. baby : rolls, cry, kicks, crawls _____17. salsa : rumba , swing : tango _____18. igneous : rock , metamorphic : rock F. Derivation G. Predication H. Similarity I. Subordination J. Superordination

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_____19. short story : characters, plot, theme _____20. logic : illogical, logical, logically

II. Study the meaning and pronunciation of the words in each set. Read the given sentences. Choose the word being referred to. Write the LETTER on the space provided. a. / wind / n., moving air b. / wnd / v., to coil _____ 1. The strong wind blew the roof away. _____ 2. Please wind the wire carefully so we can use it again. a. / led / n., a kind of soft metal b. / ld / v., to guide _____ 3. The eye-seeing trained dog will lead his blind master home. _____ 4. The lead of the pencil is not dark enough. a. / gil / n., respiratory organ of fish b. / jil / n., a unit of measurement _____ 5. The man poured two gills of beer into the tall glass. _____ 6. Fish breathe through their gills. D.R., pg. 2 a. / rfuse / b. / refse / _____ 7. Why did you refuse the help that Manny offered? _____ 8. If you dont dispose of your refuse promptly, you will soon have lots of flies around. a. / bject / b / objct / _____ 9. Why did he object to Linas candidacy? _____10. Max is the object of Joes attentions. a. / minit / n. b. / minoot / adj. _____11. I will be with you in a minute. _____12. You need a microscope to see these minute objects. a. / tr / n. b. / tr / v. _____13. Mend the tear in your dress before it gets bigger. _____14. She wiped a tear rolling down her cheek. a. / bs / adj. b. / bas / n. _____15. He caught a large bass in the river.

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_____16. We need a good bass for our male quartet. a. ./ bou / n. / v b. / b / _____17. Give a courteous bow after your performance. _____18. He had a special bow made for the archery contest. a. / preznt / adj. b. / prizent / v. _____19. The present secretary is my niece. _____20. May I present the chairman of our committee.

III. Read the given meanings of the word. Choose what is being referred to in the sentence. Write the LETTER on the space provided. BOUND / bound / a. v. the past tense of the word bind, meaning tied with a rope b. v. to leap or spring away from c. v. to place under restriction d. n. a number greater than or equal to every member of a set of numbers e. adj. going or intending to go to _____ 1. The prisoner was tightly bound with an abaca rope. _____ 2. This area is out of bounds to non-personnel. _____ 3. Where are you bound for so early in the morning. _____ 4. We saw a goat bound from rock to rock. CHARGE / chrj / a. v. to set / demand a price b. v. to hold financially liable c. v. to formally accuse a person in a court of law d. v. to command or assign responsibility for e. v. to store electricity _____ 5. He charges nothing for his services. _____ 6. The man was charged with illegal possession of firearms. _____ 7. I was in charge of taking the message to the headquarters. D. pg. 3 _____ 8. Get this battery charged in that shop. R.,

BASE a. n. the bottom or supporting part of anything b. n. (linguistics) a root or stem c. n. center of operations, organization or supply d. in baseball or softball, any of the four corners of the diamond of which runners must touch to score e. adj. without honor or morality

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_____ 9. He became a hero when he hit a homerun with full bases. _____10. The base of the word rewritten is write. _____11. The base of the building must be composed of the best materials so that it will last more than a lifetime. _____12. I would like to go to the Nichols Air Base. _____13. He is really base; dont trust him.

BLOCK a. n. a large solid piece of wood, rock or other hard material b. n. one of a set of wood or plastic cubes c. n. the distance between two street intersections d. n. a person who resembles the characteristics of one of his parents e. v. to obstruct or prevent the motion or flow _____14. A sacred cow may block the traffic in a busy Indian city street for an hour. _____15. Please buy a set of alphabet blocks for my youngest brother. _____16. This block of wood is termite-eaten. _____17. Walk one block and then turn right. _____18. Jojo is a chip off the old block.

CAPITAL a. chief municipality or city b. money to invest c. fatal, extremely serious _____19. The judge sentenced the criminal with capital punishment. _____20. I need a little capital to start a business.

IV. Identify the words as A for homophones, B for homographs, and C for heteronyms. Write the LETTER on the space provided. _____ 1. site of the new building _____ 2. bow and arrow _____ 3. sing bass _____ 4. wade in the water _____ 5. bar of soap _____ 6. bad boy _____ 7. course to follow _____ 8. a deep wound _____ 9. tears in her eyes _____10. heard the news cite an example bow to the audience freshwater bass weighed the goods passed the Bar exams bade good-bye coarse cloth wound the rope tears the cloth herd of cattle

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D. pg. 4

R.,

V. Match the word in Column B with the underlined word in Column A. It must be similar in meaning. Write the LETTER on the space provided. A B _____ 1. The feasibility of the project depends on the funding. a. prohibited _____ 2. The magnitude of the work to be accomplished frightened me. _____ 3. The opulence in the homes of the elite in Corinthian Gardens made me envious. _____ 4. Dont drink water from the well. It is not potable. _____ 5. Sugar is prescribed for diabetics. _____ 6. An atom is a miniature solar system. _____ 7. More fastidious organisms require certain vitamins. _____ 8. The skin is a semi permeable membrane. _____ 9. There are many inanimate objects in that very small area. _____10. Many eleemosynary institutions in the Philippines are being funded by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office. b. scope c. delicate d. porous e. completed f. extravagance g. drinkable h. philanthropic i. non living j. probability k. small l. not easy to please

VI. Give the meaning of the underlined word. Select from the list. Write the LETTER on the space provided. _____ 1. The young boy straddled his carabao and drove it across the green meadow. a. drove c. lay on the back of b. fed d. sat with a leg on each side _____ 2. Enriques retort to his mothers question shocked his father. a. sharp answer c. simple answer b. short answer d. sweet answer _____ 3. A wise dictum can guide a mans actions and thoughts. a. argument c. saying b. authoritative statement d. judgment _____ 4. Mr. Verceles dwindling income is barely enough to meet the needs of his growing family. a. decreasing c. low b. improving d. steady _____ 5. Mr. Domaoals temper rose when he saw the unkempt rooms. a. empty c. neat b. dirty d. tidy _____ 6. Mr. Coronel ordered that the building blocking the path of the railway be demolished. a. burned to the ground c. slowly destroyed

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b. improved and painted

d. torn down piece by piece

_____ 7. The hostess showed indifference to the babbling of her loquacious guest. a. aggressive c. modest b. bold d. talkative _____ 8. Fortunately, the dizzy spell was transient. He was able to continue playing within seconds and had no trouble winning the match. a. it sounds like a train c. it helps you win b. it is quite harmful d. it doesnt last long _____ 9.Jonathan and David are having a dispute over which radio station to play at work. It would be so much simpler if they both liked the same kind of music. a. discussion c. discovery b. choice of music d. disagreement _____10. When they heard the good news about the courts decision, the angry crowd cheered and then began to disperse. It looks like everyone is going home, one reporter stated. a. come together c. fly like a bird b. smile d. sing

D. pg. 5

R.,

_____11. The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again? a. made of cloth c. funny b. full of long words d. fake _____12. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. Its time to implement it and see if its as brilliant as you claim. a. instrument c. change b. take apart d. carry out _____13. When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity. a. good looks c. intelligence b. mistakes d. appetite for herbs _____14. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president. a. carry out c. block b. figure out d. tickle _____15. There is a legal battle raging and the judges are concerned that time is running out. Lawyers are being asked to expedite the matter by getting their paperwork in early. a. quicken c. handle b. agree on d. discuss _____16. If you count on the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate A, and only some of the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate B, youll skew the results in favor of candidate A. a. roast c. slant b. ignore d. ask _____17. Both sides battled for years. They were very far apart and could find no way to make a lasting peace. When the fighting finally came to an end, everyone was exhausted and embittered.

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a. resentful b. sour

c. humorous d. annoyed

_____18. We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet? We doubted that. a. movement c. enjoyment b. worry d. anger _____19. Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to be too porous to hold jelly. a. good for holding things that you pour b. protects you in pouring rain c. allows liquids to flow through it d. necessary for making bowling balls _____20. We have rather lofty expectations for you, son. You will attend college. You will become rich and famous. You will be elected president of the United States before you turn forty. a. high c. positive b. reasonable d. good Choose the word in Column B that is the antonym of the word in Column A. Write the LETTER of your answer on the space provided. A B _____ 1. responsive A. nearby _____ 2. arrival _____ 3. malcontent _____ 4. remote _____ 5. enthrall _____ 6. illegible _____ 7. immovable _____ 8. unity _____ 9. defective _____10. inefficient _____11. lenient _____12. huge _____13. apprentice _____14. extraordinary _____15. scrupulous B. discouraged C. complaisant D. inactive E. departure F. erroneous G. portable H. customary I. readable J. expert K. minute L. careless M. strict N. division O. flawless P. competent Q. fascinate

III. Read the given sentence. Identify the antonym of the underlined word. Write it on the space provided. ________________ 1. A famous author wrote this story at a time when she was still unknown. ________________ 2. Running shoes are too casual to wear at such a formal event.

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________________ 3. Its the same thing every four years. Karen and Arianna always have opposite opinions about the selection. ________________ 4. Mr. Infante believes that you sold the faulty parts that he purchased on the Web. ________________ 5. How could such a dull man write such an exciting book? ________________ 6. Which is more dangerous for that spacecraft, the ascent or the descent onto the desert runway? ________________ 7. Lyndon should never have told his sister to always wear shoes on her hands. ________________ 8. If hes really innocent, why does he look so guilty?

IV. Read the given sentence. Identify the synonym of the underlined words. Write it on the space provided. ________________ 1. This law is far from perfect. We need to change parts of it to make it fair. Unfortunately, its difficult to amend a law. ________________ 2. That womans remarks are always rude! Why cant she keep her comments to herself? ________________ 3. Dont expend too much energy on that game or you wont have enough left to use on homework. ________________ 4. You shouldnt make a big deal about Sams errors when you havent even corrected your own mistakes! ________________ 5. Ill create a new account for you if you make a list of features you want it to have. ________________ 6. Carefully observe the behavior of Johns sister, Ashley. If you study her actions, youll understand why John says shes weird. ________________ 7. Danridge is a very smart boy. Hes intelligent enough to solve puzzles that some adults cant handle. ________________ 8. The smell of your shoes is a most unpleasant odor. D. pg. 3 ________________ 9. The smell of that flower is a very pleasant fragrance. R.,

V. Give the meaning of the underlined word. Choose from the given list. Write the LETTER on the space provided. _____ 1. The instructor expounded the pros and cons of the issues for the students to ruminate on. a. accept b. digest c. ponder d. refute _____ 2. There is no difficulty in finding a role for a versatile actor. a. able to do many different things c. hard-working and patient

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b. good-looking gentleman

c. old and respected

_____ 3. The mushrooming of night spots is a menace to peace and order in the community. a. boost b. help c. support d. threat _____ 4. We cannot completely eradicate ignorance if our children continue to be truant and indifferent. a. eliminate b. enhance c. hate d. improve _____ 5. Frustrated for not winning the election, he sat morosely in a corner. a. comfortably b. contentedly c. ill-humoredly _____ 6. We cannot expect outstanding achievement from mediocre students. a. intelligent b. ordinary c. smart _____ 7. Those who drink large amounts of wine inevitably become alcoholic. a. perhaps b. rarely c. someday d. unaffected d. talented d. surely

_____ 8. His brilliant speech showed that he had an exhaustive knowledge on the subject. a. comprehensive b. limited c. little d. tiresome _____ 9. His weak character surfaces every time he succumbs to the whims of his unreasonably jealous wife. a. delights b. marvels c. rebels d. yields _____10. Her rebelliousness soon alienated her from her parents. a. endeared b. estranged c. made her different d. strengthened

VI. Identify the term being described. Choose from the given options. Write the LETTER on the space provided A. Simile B. Metaphor C. Personification D. Apostrophe E. Allusion F. Antonomasia G. Hyperbole H. Meiosis I. Litotes J. Repetition K. Rhetorical Question

_____ 1. It gives human qualities to an object, an animal, or an idea. _____ 2. It makes use of a title or an epithet instead of a proper name. _____ 3. It repeats words, phrases, or whole constructions to intensify feeling or meaning. _____ 4. It makes a direct comparison of two unlike things that have something in common. _____ 5. It uses a proper name to convey an idea. _____ 6. It is a positive understatement intended to suggest a strong affirmative. _____ 7. It is a stated comparison between 2 things that are actually unlike but have something in common. _____ 8. It addresses personified objects as real persons, the absent as if they are present and the dead as if they were alive. _____ 9. It is a reference in a work of literature or to a well known person, place, or event outside literature. _____10. It is a question which the speaker expects no spoken answer. _____12. It is a mild negative understatement intended to suggest a strong affirmative.

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_____13. It enables the reader to see ordinary things in a new and interesting way. _____14. It is a type of allusion. _____15. It does not include the words like, as, resemble, or similar to.

D. pg. 4 A. Irony B. Oxymoron C. Paradox D. Anti-thesis E. Chiasmus F. Alliteration G. Assonance H. Onomatopoeia I. Pun J. Euphemism K. Metonymy L. Synecdoche

R.,

M. Climax N. Anti-Climax

_____ 1. It abruptly ends a climax build-up with an insignificant item. _____ 2. It is parallelism in sentence element of similar or contracting ideas, so arranged that the parallel elements of the second part of the structure are in inverted order. _____ 3. It refers to the recurrence in words that are close together of the same vowel sound. _____ 4. It is the use of pleasant expression instead of an unpleasant, harsh, or depressing one. _____ 5. It is a type of metonymy. _____ 6. It is the combination of two mutually contradicting words in a case where the contradiction is apparent only, the two ideas being realized. _____ 7. It is the arrangement of a series of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences in an ascending order of importance. _____ 8. It is the repetition of consonant sounds. _____ 9. It is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in parallel structures. _____10. It is the use of words to imitate sounds. _____11. It is the use of a significant part to represent the whole. _____12. It involves differences between appearance and reality, expectation and result, meaning and intention. _____13. It is a seemingly contradictory but true statement. _____14. It is the substitution of one noun for another noun which it suggests. _____15. It is a play of words.

VII. Identify the figure of speech used in the given construction. Choose from the given options. Write it on the space provided. A. Simile B. Metaphor C. Personification _____ 1. Life is an empty cup. D. Apostrophe E. Allusion

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_____ 2. Hope had grown grey hairs. _____ 3. My dogs eyes are as kind as a rainbow. _____ 4. Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art. _____ 5. If we were all like the lotus-eaters, we would not try to improve this world. _____ 6. Love is flower-like; Friendship, a sheltering tree. _____ 7. O western wind, when wilt thou blow; That the small rain down can rain? _____ 8. I wouldnt be her friend, she is a medusa. _____ 9. When he got the tools out, he was as precise and thorough as a surgeon. _____10. Come Winter with thy angry howl. _____11. Their relationship is based on platonic friendship. _____12. Fear knocked on the door. Faith answered, There was no one there. _____13. An aged man is but a paltry thing; A tattered coat upon a stick. _____14. An emerald is as green as grass. _____15. Hello, darkness, my old friend. Ive come to talk with you again

D. pg. 5 A. Hyperbole B. Meiosis C. Litotes D. Repetition E. Rhetorical Question

R.,

_____ 1. Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution? _____ 2. Im doing a million things right now. _____ 3. She is a bit hurt because you did not invite her to your birthday party. _____ 4. After seeing my report card, my father said in no uncertain terms should I start studying. _____ 5. dirt and clean them clean them clean them _____ 6. He must have jumped a mile. _____ 7. Topping the board exam is no mean feat! _____ 8. Never give in. Never give in. Never, never, never, never yield to force. _____ 9. We were a little disappointed to learn that the guest of honor could not come. _____10. If practice makes perfect, and no ones perfect, then why practice?

A. Alliteration B. Assonance _____ 1. The soul selects her own society.

C. Onomatopoeia D. Pun

E. Euphemism

_____ 2. Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. _____ 3. If you dont pay this month, we will add a convenience fee. _____ 4. Strips of tinfoil winking like people.

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_____ 5. The tinkling of bells attracted my attention. _____ 6. It beats as it sweeps as it cleans. _____ 7. Pompey Pipped at the Post as Pippo Pounces. _____ 8. I was disturbed by the chirping of birds. _____ 9. When it rains, it pours. _____10. Authorities sometimes employ enhance interrogation.

A. Synecdoche B. Metonymy _____ 1. I am the way, the truth, and the life.

C. Climax D. Anti-climax

_____ 2. The White House asked the television networks for air time on Monday night. _____ 3. My aim this month is to buy a new set of wheels. _____ 4. Detroit is still hard at work on an SUV that runs on rain forest trees and panda blood. _____ 5. General Motors announced Cutbacks. _____ 6. The 9/11 attacks devastated a lot of people. _____ 7. Nothing has been left undone to cripple their minds, debase their moral stature, obliterate all traces of their relationship to mankind. _____ 8. And as Im sinkin, the last thing that I think is, did I pay my rent? _____ 9. The suits on Wall street walked off with most of our savings. _____10. The chair presided over that meeting. _____11. All hands on deck. _____12. The holy passion of friendship is of so sweet and steady and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a whole lifetime, if not asked to lend money. _____13. Out of its vivid disorder comes order; from its rank smell rises the good aroma of courage and dating; out of its preliminary shabbiness comes the final splendor.

Reading Comprehension Exercises, November 2006 (from http://www.rhlschool.com/reading.htm)

Word Meanings From Context Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each highlighted word. 1.Fortunately, the dizzy spell was transient. He was able to continue playing within seconds and had no trouble winning the match. When you describe an event as transient, you are saying that __________. a. it sounds like a train c. it helps you win b. it is quite harmful d. it doesn't last long - 22 -

2. Brea and Elizabeth are having a dispute over which radio station to play at work. It would be so much simpler if they both liked the same kind of music. A dispute is a __________. a. musical instrument b. choice of music

c. discovery d. disagreement

3. When they heard the good news about the courts decision, the angry crowd cheered and then began to disperse. It looks like everyone is going home, one reporter stated. Which would be the opposite of disperse? a. come together b. smile

c. fly like a bird d. sing

4. Its a wonder to me how anyone can still be undecided about this election. These two candidates are certainly distinct. Each would lead our nation in opposite directions. What does distinct mean? a. needing a bath b. dishonest

c. clearly different d. about the same age

5. Mr. Huge was very proud of his auto superstore. We have such an extensive selection of cars, he said, so everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will love! The word extensive means __________. a. costing a lot of money b. large amount

c. having no color d. not enough

6. Friendship is a priceless thing. If Chris put a price, or conditions, on her friendship, its no longer priceless. In fact, its not real friendship at all! If something is priceless, __________. a. it has a missing tag b. it has no value

c. it has great value d. it is made out of rice

7. The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again? A fabrication is __________. a. made of cloth b. full of long words

c. funny d. fake

8. The reporter insisted that the letter he used was authentic. He said that he had shown it to many experts before he used it in his story. When something is authentic, its __________. a. genuine, or real b. carefully written - 23 -

c. full of tasty worms d. very old

9. In 1975, Governor James promised to do something about the high taxes in our state. She didnt present a tax cut bill to lawmakers until 1985. It took her a decade to keep her promise, but better late than never. How long is a decade? a. 75 years b. 85 years

c. a century d. 10 years

10. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. Its time to implement it and see if its as brilliant as you claim. What does implement mean? a. instrument b. take apart

c. change d. carry out

11. If your plan fails, well have to find someone who can devise a better one. What does devise mean? a. design b. dislike

c. appliance d. to use peanut butter as toothpaste

12. Of course, Im not saying that your plan is no good. I tend to be optimistic, so I wont be surprised when you succeed. What does optimistic mean? a. expecting the best to happen b. needing glasses to see

c. full of gas d. unselfish

13. When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity. What does sagacity mean? a. good looks b. mistakes

c. intelligence d. huge appetite for herbs

14. No matter what happens, I assure you that I will not forget how hard you have worked on this project. What does assure mean? a. dare b. promise

c. act like a donkey d. forget

15. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president. What does thwart mean? a. help b. figure out

c. block d. tickle

16. There is a legal battle raging and the judges are concerned that time is running out. Lawyers are being asked to expedite the matter by getting their paperwork in early. - 24 -

What does expedite mean? a. quicken b. agree on

c. sue d. discuss

17. The Florida legislature believes that it has the power to choose the winner of the election if the courts havent finished their work by December 12. Both houses are controlled by Republicans and they would surely resolve the matter in Bushs favor. What does resolve mean? a. cancel b. consider

c. debate d. settle

18. The election could actually end up being decided in the U.S. Congress. Al Gores vice presidential running mate, Joe Lieberman, and perhaps Mr. Gore himself, would be able to vote on the matter. Some would argue that they should recuse themselves, but they would probably exercise their right to vote. What does recuse mean? a. step aside and not be involved b. admit that you are wrong

c. leave the country d. insist on being heard

19. If you count all the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate A, and only some of the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate B, youll skew the results in favor of candidate A. What does skew mean? a. roast b. ignore

c. slant d. ask

20. The home team made sure that the officials were on their side. They won a close game and the championship with many questionable decisions from the officials. However, no one from any other town would accept the winners as legitimate champions. What does legitimate mean? a. real b. talented

c. sneaky d. good looking

21. Some people believe that lawyers are always working to see that justice is done. On the other hand, some believe that lawyers only want to manipulate the legal system to get what they want. Could both sides be right? What does manipulate mean? a. control in a dishonest way b. give help

c. teach about or explain d. disagree with

22. Both sides battled for years. They were very far apart and could find no way to make a lasting peace. When the fighting finally came to an end, everyone was exhausted and embittered. What does embittered mean? a. very angry, resentful b. sour tasting - 25 -

c. humorous d. annoyed

23. We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet? We doubted that. Which word is a synonym of trepidation? a. movement b. worry

c. enjoyment d. laughter

24. Only an hour or so had passed before a tremendous roar shook the ground. At that very moment, a strange grey creature materialized before our eyes. It resembled a lizard in shape. It was about ten feet high at the shoulders and at least fifty feet long. What did the creature do? a. It whipped its tail back and forth. b. It stamped its feet.

c. It showed its sharp teeth. d. It appeared.

25. Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to too porous to hold jelly. A porous material _____. a. is good for holding things that you pour b. protects you in pouring rain

c. allows liquids to flow through it d. is necessary for making bowling balls

26. We have rather lofty expectations for you, son. You will attend college. You will become rich and famous. You will be elected president of the United States before you turn forty. Which word is a synonym of lofty? a. high b. shaky

c. small d. lowly

27. Ashlee was not happy with her friend Samantha. Ive been waiting here for an hour! she growled into her cell phone. Youd better hie yourself over here, she continued, or well leave without you. What is a synonym for hie? a. hurry, or hasten b. stroll, or walk slowly

c. float above the trees d. greet in an unfriendly manner

28. When Beth and Donna were fighting over a boy who didnt like either one of them, Shana stepped in as a mediator. She sat them both in a corner and kept them talking to each other. Finally, Shanas efforts resulted in her two friends making up. What is a synonym for mediator? a. troublemaker b. peacemaker

c. witness d. competitor

29. No one suspected that Jerry was a spy. On the surface he behaved like any normal citizen. When his covert activity was discovered and announced to the world, we were all shocked. What is a synonym for covert? a. friendly b. helpful - 26 -

c. loud d. hidden

30. The workers stood in front of the factory and wondered what to do next. The doors were locked and the windows were boarded up. They doubted that they would even collect their final pay checks now that the company was insolvent. What is a synonym for insolvent? a. broke, or out of money b. hiring new workers

c. changing a name d. making too much money

31. Kim was a very good substitute teacher. She liked working with third and fourth graders most of all. She especially liked discussing important current events issues with the kids. She had expected them to be indifferent to such grown-up topics as taxes and social security. She was pleasantly surprised to discover that they were really interested in those issues and wanted to learn more about them. What is a synonym for indifferent? a. similar b. very unusual

c. not caring d. gross

32. Mr. Burke stood before his employees. They had never seen him in such a serious mood. I would be remiss if I didnt tell you that your future with this company depends on how hard you work, he stated firmly. What is a synonym for remiss? a. a girl again b. honest and trustworthy

c. important d. not responsible

33. I am going to rescind the permission I gave you to use my toys! T. J. announced angrily. I thought you would take good care of them, but I was wrong! What does rescind mean? a. repeat b. celebrate

c. continue d. cancel

34. I am working very hard for the same candidate that you support. You are doing it for pay. Im not doing this for money. Im doing it out of conviction. What does conviction mean? a. being found guilty b. strong belief

c. anger d. a desire to eat prunes

35. It was a sad and haunting strain that met our ears as we entered the old theater. There was a beauty in the voice that wed never forget. This would be a special concert. What does strain mean in the context of the selection? a. effort c. melody b. injury d. filter 36. I want you to weigh his words carefully. He seems sincere and presents his arguments well. There is, however, something that doesnt quite ring true about the candidate. - 27 -

What does weigh mean in the context of the selection? a. to measure the mass c. to think about b. to put pressure on a scale d. to be important 37. Michael is an ardent supporter of his presidential candidate. That became obvious to me when I found out how much time hes donated to the campaign. Perhaps Michael knows what hes doing. What does ardent mean in the context of the selection? a. old c. foolish b. intelligent d. very strong 38. Mary, of course youre overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse, you exercise infrequently. What does infrequently mean? a. with a frown on ones face b. at a gym

c. while wearing heavy clothes d. not often

39. Your uncle wouldnt even part with a dime to help the kids pay for their trip. Thats just one more example of his penurious ways. In contrast, many people who have much less money have donated a great deal to the cause. What does penurious mean? a. very old b. very wealthy

c. very humorous d. very stingy

40. There is a very interesting article about solar storms in the February 14, 2000 issue of Time magazine. It tells about how these disturbances not only affect spacecraft, but can also disrupt terrestrial life. For example, they have even caused automatic garage doors to open in one town. What does terrestrial mean? a. of or on the planet Earth b. protective of automotive equipment

c. solar d. in or near a pond

41. Michelle, Im very upset about what you said, Rosie stated firmly. You didnt come right out and accuse me of eating all your candy. On the other hand, your remarks about my love of chocolate were made for a reason. You are insinuating that Im the candy thief! What does insinuate mean? a. to keep something hot or cold b. to suggest without clearly saying

c. to do something evil d. to protect from disease

42. I think it would help our basketball team, if we allowed girls to play. Ive seen how Patty has a knack for making the tough shots when theyre needed most. She wants to play on our team and wed win more games with her help. What does knack mean? a. to throw or toss b. a hard punch - 28 -

c. a kind of sports bag d. an ability

Contributing to the Main Idea Every sentence in a paragraph must contribute to the main idea. Most of the sentences in a paragraph simply support the main idea. Some may state or summarize that idea. There is one sentence in each of the following paragraphs that does not contribute to the main idea. It does not belong in the paragraph. Underline the sentence that should be removed from each paragraph. 1. I am looking forward to election day. Its fun to vote and exciting to watch the election results. Ill be rooting for my candidate to win and enjoying the suspense if the vote is close. The following day will be a good time to play video games. No matter who wins, an election is a special occasion. 2. April is beginning the lengthy process of choosing a college to attend. She is buying and reading guides to the best schools. She hasnt completely ruled out working for a year before attending college. Shes checking out the many Websites that provide information for picking the right college or university. Shes even researching the climate of the area of every school she considers. 3. Bill is one of those people who just doesnt have to worry about gaining too much weight. He is the best tennis player Ive ever met. Bill can eat any amount of any food he likes without putting on an ounce. He can go for weeks without exercising with no apparent effect. It just doesnt seem fair! 4. Scientists are learning a great deal about the aging process. This knowledge will allow doctors to help their patients live longer and better lives. They will be able to defeat diseases associated with aging and perhaps even delay the onset of old age. Many doctors would agree that some medicines are much too expensive. Main Idea The main idea of a paragraph is what all the sentences are about. Read the paragraph and ask, Whats your point? That will help you zero in on the main idea. Read each paragraph carefully. Choose the best answer to the questions that follow. 1. Juan loves to play games. His favorite game is chess because it requires a great deal of thought. Juan also likes to play less demanding board games that are based mostly on luck. He prefers Monopoly because it requires luck and skill. If hes alone, Juan likes to play action video games as long as they arent too violent. What is the main idea of this paragraph? a. Juan dislikes violence. b. Juan likes to think.

c. Juan enjoys Monopoly. d. Juan enjoys playing games.

2. Maria is watching too much television. A toddler shouldnt be spending hours staring blankly at a screen. Worse yet, some of her wild behavior has been inspired by those awful cartoons she watches. We need to spend more time reading books with her and pull the plug on the TV! What is the main idea of this paragraph? a. Watching a lot of television isnt good for Maria. b. Books are good.

c. All cartoons are bad. d. Some cartoons are bad for Maria.

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3. Samantha, I cant eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your scratchy voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way that you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon! What is the main idea of this paragraph? a. Samantha, you have bad manners. b. Samantha, you should see a dentist.

c. Samantha, I miss you. d. Samantha, I have lost my appetite.

4. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants. They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience. They will be smart, strong, and untiring workers whose only goal will be to make our lives easier. Which sentence from the paragraph expresses the main idea? a. Someday we will all have robots that will be c. They will look and behave much like real our personal servants. humans. b. We will be able to talk to these mechanical d. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be helpers and they will be able to respond in kind. able to learn from experience. Using Inference Sometimes someone will try to tell you something without coming right out and saying it. He will imply it. When you understand what is implied, you infer. Sometimes you can infer the truth even when the speaker or writer isnt trying to be helpful. Thats called reading between the lines. See if you can infer an impled or hidden message in each of the following selections. 1. Turner almost wished that he hadnt listened to the radio. He went to the closet and grabbed his umbrella. He would feel silly carrying it to the bus stop on such a sunny morning. Which probably happened? a. Turner realized that he had an unnatural fear of falling radio parts. b. Turner had promised himself to do something silly that morning.

c. Turner had heard a weather forecast that predicted rain. d. Turner planned to trade his umbrella for a bus ride.

2. Larry, as your boss, I must say its been very interesting working with you, Miss Valdez said. However, it seems that our companys needs and your performance style are not well matched. Therefore, it makes me very sad to have to ask you to resign your position effective today. What was Miss Valdez telling Larry? a. She would feel really bad if he decided to quit. b. He was being fired.

c. He was getting a raise in pay. d. She really enjoyed having him in the office.

3. No, Honey, I dont want you to spend a lot of money on my birthday present. Just having you for a husband is the only gift I need. In fact, Ill just drive my old rusty bucket of bolts down to the mall and buy myself a little present. And if the poor old car doesn't break down, Ill be back soon. What is the message? a. I dont want a gift. b. Buy me a new car. - 30 -

c. The mall is fun. d. Ill carry a bucket for you.

4. Bill and Jessica were almost done taking turns choosing the players for their teams. It was Jessicas turn to choose, and only Kurt was left. Jessica said, Kurt. We can infer that ________ a. Kurt is not a very good player. b. Jessica was pleased to have Kurt on her team. c. Kurt was the best player on either team. d. Jessica was inconsiderate of Kurts feelings.

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Word Meanings in Context - Antonyms Somewhere in each selection you will find a pair of words in parenthesis. These words will be antonyms, or opposites. Underline the word that makes sense in the context. 1. Mr. Surfer was a very good teacher. Everyone agreed that kids learned a lot when they spent a year in his fifth grade class. Some kids did wish that he would be a little (lenient, strict) about the rules. If anyone so much as whispered during study time or happened to forget a homework assignment, he or she was in big trouble. 2. Jennifer was very (gullible, skeptical). We found it all too easy to convince her that a mummy was roaming around in her cellar. As we added more and more crazy details to our story, she grew more frightened. Finally, we decided it was best to confess that it was just a hoax. 3. Sometimes Chad can be very (insensitive, sensitive) to others feelings. Do you remember the time that Julie told us she was taking a beauty course? Chad said that it must be a miracle course. He was trying to be funny, but her feelings were really hurt. He didnt mean what he said. The problem is that he didnt think about how Julie would take the comment. 4. All the trees and all the flowers, Sunlit clouds that (chill, warm) the sky, All the gentle April showers, They have worth we cant deny. Word Meanings From Context - Synonyms There is a word printed in italics before each selection. Use the context of each selection to identify and underline the synonym of that word. 1. strange I was really appalled at how Don decorated his new apartment. Almost everything is solid black. When anyone sits on a chair or couch, a scream comes out of a concealed loudspeaker. Don thinks its hilarious. I think he has a bizarre sense of humor! 2. religions Youll almost never win an argument about religion. There are some points where most individuals will agree and many points of disagreement. Of course you cant agree with every faith, but you can respect people of all creeds. 3. stick This tape you gave me doesnt work at all! I cant get a single poster to adhere to the wall. Im going to have to use my staple gun. 4. smell Patty loves to use an abundant amount of garlic in her cooking. Almost any time you approach her kitchen, the aroma of that famous plant is unmistakable. 5. write Ronald wanted to establish an advantage over the other boys who were all trying to win Marys heart. Deciding to inscribe his and Marys names on the tree in her front yard turned out to be a blunder. He certainly did not win the affection of her parents.

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Synonyms Synonyms are words that have the same or similar meanings. Note the highlighted word in each selection. Underline its synonym. The first one has been done for you. 1. This law is far from perfect. We need to change parts of it to make it fair. Unfortunately, its difficult to amend a law. 2. That womans remarks are always rude! Why cant she keep her comments to herself? 3. Dont expend too much energy on that game or you wont have enough left to use on homework. 4. You shouldnt make a big deal about Sams errors when you havent even corrected your own mistakes! 5. Ill create a new account for you if you make a list of features you want it to have. 6. Carefully observe the behavior of Johns sister Ashley. If you study her actions, youll understand why John says shes weird. 7. Jordan is a very smart girl. Shes intelligent enough to solve puzzles that some adults cant handle. 8. The smell of your shoes is a most unpleasant odor. 9. The smell of that flower is a very pleasant fragrance.

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Analogies Complete each analogy by writing the best word in the blank. 1. Find is to lose as construct is to _______________. build demolish misplace materials

2. Find is to locate as feign is to _______________. pane pretend line mean

3. Find is to kind as feign is to _______________. pane pretend line mean

4. Pane is to pain as weigh is to _______________. scale pounds weight way

5. Bring is to brought as sing is to _______________. sang melody song record

6. Dime is to tenth as quarter is to _______________. twenty-five fourth home coin

7. Plates is to dishes as arms is to _______________. legs hands farms weapons

Homonym Search Homonyms are words that sound alike but have unrelated meanings. They are often, but not always, spelled differently. Underline the two homonyms in each sentence. The first one is done for you. 1. I wont buy a book thats written by a ghost writer! 2. My hare and rabbit have very smooth hair. 3. When do you think our next payment is due? 4. Matt is so witty he can even make a wry comment about rye bread. 5. Do you prefer an oar or a paddle?

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6. I never guessed that Elaine would be our surprise guest. 7. Amazingly, none of us realized that Mary was a nun. 8. With a steel will and an absence of decency, he tried to steal the election. 9. Any gold thats left in the old mine is mine! 10. Is there ever a time when youd combine garlic and thyme in a recipe? Antonym Search Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Underline the two antonyms in each sentence. The first one is done for you. 1. A famous author wrote this story at a time when she was still unknown. 2. Running shoes are too casual to wear at such a formal event. 3. Its the same thing every four years: Karen and I always have opposite opinions about the election. 4. Andrew believes that you sold the faulty parts that he purchased on the Web. 5. How could such a dull man write such an exciting book? 6. Which is more dangerous for that spacecraft, the ascent or the descent onto the desert runway? 7. Michelle should never have told her little sister to always wear shoes on her hands. 8. If hes really innocent, why does he look so guilty? Synonym Search Synonyms are words that have the same or almost the same meanings. Underline the three synonyms in each sentence. The first one is done for you. 1. An intelligent dog is smart enough to avoid chasing a clever raccoon. 2. The candidate that you elect to vote for is one that you should feel proud to choose. 3. Paulas selfish attitude is no more greedy than the stingy behavior of your friend, Ben. 4. Im totally amazed at how completely wonderful and absolutely brilliant our teacher is!

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5. We gave a great sigh of relief after the huge creature took an enormous step over our heads. 6. The battle isnt over until the candidates cease their fight and let the voters decide the contest. 7. I will endeavor to work with you as you attempt to solve the mystery, but please try to be patient! 8. My candidates chief adversary in the race is a tough opponent who will never give an inch to his rival.

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