test of comprehension, parapgrasing and critical reviee of one concept in the book, live to eat.

Type of academic writting used depends on objective, but basics remain the same. Put in greek debt folder
refined carbs and Low nutrition: Also, eating refined means, nutrients are not taken either even though they make up bulk of calories pg 38 eat to live Also refined foods have little fiber and nutritents, two things the author cliams are necessary to surpress hunger and therefore you feel hungry again. pg 44 eat to live

refined Carbs and Diabetes:

Refined carbs have fiber and mineral removed and therefore get absored in blood easily and qucikly. Insulin is then punped out quickly to curb this sugar. Being fat also causes more insulin to be excreted, so if one is fat, and eating refined carbs, insulin is excessivley excreted by pancreas. Eating refined carbs increases sugar intake and so does being fat, leading to load on pancreas. When too much load on pancrease it can lead to diabetes (isnt this insulin sensitivyt which might lead to diabetes??) pg 38 eat to live HOWEVER i have not found this relation between load on pancreas and diabetes.

according to http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-myths/?loc=DropDownDB-myths Type 1 diabetes is caused by genetics and unknown factors that trigger the onset of the disease; type 2 diabetes is caused by genetics and lifestyle factors and NOT SUGAR itself Being overweight does increase your risk for developing type 2 diabetes, and a diet high in calories from any source contributes to weight gain. Research has shown that drinking sugary drinks is linked to type 2 diabetes.

Well obesity surely plays a part..he is right, but is his reasoning right. But wht about about pancreatic overload? According to http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/prevention/pre-diabetes/?loc=DropDownDBprediabete efore people develop type 2 diabetes, they almost always have "prediabetes" blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

refined carbs and obesity:

pg 44 eat to live, he says fat and carbs taken together are dangerous, However if you read, he is talking about BEING FAT as well as consuming fat.

Fat and carbs, he says, together create an effect and promote a signal to accumulate fat in body. refined food scause sugar surge and then trigger incuslin release to dirve sugar out to be used.

However INSULIN ALSO PROMOTES STORGAE OF FAT and swells fat cells. (i would not doubt, it uses sugar and probably stores extra sugar). As you get fatter

More fat on body means, more need for insulin, as it block muscles from using Insulin, therefore more insulin is required to get rid of sugar whihc the fat is blocking. E.g. fta arund tummy can cause 3-5 times more insulin release. ONce again higher insulin creates more fat. Eating refined foods it seems therefore casues set point of body, that the weight the body tries to maintain through hhormone, to increase. This is because refined carbs (and fats the author nows says) increase fat storing hormone, probably insulin, the set point is risen. refined carbs cause higher insulin, highe insuline makes you fat (temporarily, what makes it permanent is), and fat makes you release more insulin, eventually leading to a higher permanent steady weight.

But is it relay causing fat storage as I was told by dietry asoiacoation book, is only when too high calories. So what causes fat storage, higher calories, or simply even intaking fat and being used by insulin)

It is true Accordinhg to Modern Nutrition in Health and Diseases insulin stimulates fat storage through its contribution to adipocyte differentiation, its inhibition of lipolysis, and its stimulation of lipogenesis, although the latter is likely a minor effect in humans pg 639

https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&ved=0CGUQFjA G&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iit.edu%2Fresearch%2Fservices%2Fdoc_ret_2004%2FPOWERPOINT_PRE SENTATION.ppt&ei=dTmoUfbaEKuT0AWW14CAAQ&usg=AFQjCNGtMVWFvPC4rQFgJHKbelizQJrXQ&sig2=lqgB2ySS2vtPXVl_rhZGyg agrees that with dietry association that Insulin regulates the uptake of nutrients into the cells, the storage of nutrients not being used, and the conversion of one nutrient type to another. Excess glucose is preferentially stored as glycogen BUT

When cells are saturated with glycogen (liver cells store 5 to 8% of their weight as glycogen, muscle cells 1 to 3%) additional glucose is converted to fat in the liver and stored as fat in adipose cells. Insulin promotes the conversion of all excess glucose in liver that cannot be stored as glycogen into fatty acids Fatty acids are packaged as triglycerides in low density lipoproteins transported by blood to adipose tissue Insulin activates lipoprotein lipase in the capillary walls of adipose tissue, which splits triglycerides into fatty acids. This enables them to be absorbed into adipose cells where they are converted again to triglycerides and stored.

A deficiency of insulin will accelerate the breakdown of the bodys fat reserves for fuel.Insulin defeincy can cause metabolism of fat, leading to high chloestrol, heart attack etc

However Also see http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=XGaI1WDHo_0C&pg=PA35&dq=insulin+and+fat+storage&hl=en& sa=X&ei=d0eoUdaQA8iR7Abrl4GoBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=insulin%20and%20fat%20storage&f=f alseInsulin takes extra glucose and stores it as fat. When insulin levels grow and spike, it can also lead to too much fat being stored. Therefore high incuslin levels means having more fat. Not all fat is same, for diabetes visceral obesity is worse, that is around the middle of the body. linked to extra fat storgae in lliven ,w hich can raise sugar level, and to extra fat in musc cells, making them even more reistant to insulin<< Agreeing with the guy Without regular exercise, insulin levels Also From how stuff workshttp://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/fat-cell2.htm

Agrees that Fat Storage

Insulin When you eat a candy bar or a meal, the presence of glucose, amino acids or fatty acidsin the intestine stimulates the pancreas to secrete a hormone called insulin. Insulin acts on many cells in your body, especially those in the liver, muscle and fat tissue. Insulin tells the cells to do the following: Absorb glucose, fatty acids and amino acids Stop breaking down glucose, fatty acids and amino acids; glycogen into glucose; fats into fatty acids and glycerol; and proteins into amino acids Start building glycogen from glucose; fats (triglycerides) from glycerol and fatty acids; and proteins from amino acids The activity of lipoprotein lipases depends upon the levels of insulin in the body. If insulin is high, then the lipases are highly active; if insulin is low, the lipases are inactive. The fatty acids are then absorbed from the blood into fat cells, muscle cells and liver cells. In these cells, under stimulation by insulin, fatty acids are made into fat molecules and stored as fat droplets. It is also possible for fat cells to take up glucose and amino acids, which have been absorbed into the bloodstream after a meal, and convert those into fat molecules. The conversion of carbohydrates or protein into fat is 10 times less efficient than simply storing fat in a fat cell, but the body can do it. If you have 100 extra calories in fat (about 11 grams) floating in your bloodstream, fat cells can store it using only 2.5 calories of energy. On the other hand, if you have 100 extra calories in glucose (about 25 grams) floating in your bloodstream, it takes 23 calories of energy to convert the glucose into fat and then store it.

Given a choice, a fat cell will grab the fat and store it rather than the carbohydrates because fat is so much easier to store.
This hguy is somewhere in the middle and says http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=LhSLKVmauGoC&pg=PA128&dq=insulin+and+fat+storage&hl=en &sa=X&ei=d0eoUdaQA8iR7Abrl4GoBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=insulin%20and%20fat%20storage&f =false how high insulin surges MAY influence whether the body uses or stores its glucose and fat insulin facilitates transport of glucose into cells, storage of fatty acids as fat and synthesis of cholesterol. insulin is one of many factors involved in body weight and metabolism.

Insulin only causes problem when one develops insulin resistance, that is pancreas need to pump more. It doenst depend on carbs, fat or protein, but on being overweight. Reducing weight improves insulin response in any case.

Relation between GI and weight? < the actual argument which needs to be studied further Studies show diets high in GI increase body weight. fructose doesnt lead to secretion of insulin however some research suggests that fructose favors the fat making pathways and impairs fat clearing pathways in the body. As the liver busily builds lipids, its handling of glucose become s unbalanced and insulin resistance develops. Reserach is suggesting links between high fructose intakes and prediabtes and metabolic syndrome. A study showed that insulin resiatnce and weight loss were impacted by low calories diet and not by the GI index. Low GI food may mean lower energy intake in next meal.

Indidviausl also respond differently to Carbs. Some people have high insulin response. In one study, weight gain over 6 years was not dependent on the diet being igh or low in carbs, but now insulin response of indidvuals where people with high insulin response gained more weight (especially when on high carb diet) while for such people weight loss maybe greater on a low GI diet (he is talking about CARB and not GI)

refined Carbs and heart disease:::::

Because sugar enters body so quickly it can also increase triglycerides and therefore risk of heart disease in susceptible individuals i.e people who already have likelihood of developing such a problem. pg 38 eat to live According to The Ten Biggest Diet Myths And Greatest Health Secrets Revealed: A Summary ... By Warren Pear refined carbs do not cause blood sugar to rise alot

In Summary of above

According to Dr something of eat to live Given that Blood Sugar requires insulin Fat on body decreases uptake of insulin

Eating refined foods (eating fat makes it worse)

More Sugar in Blood

More insulin Being fat means less sugar intake requiring higher insulin

More Sugar and Fat absorbed

Leads to higher set point i.e. your hormone levels reach an excretion level where your weight is permanently increased to a new level. It is NOT a vicious cycle.

Anything that increases insulin will cause the cycle?? Refined Carb, High GI etc

However question persist as it is not 100% clear. Does High GI food really cause fat storage, weight gain and a sighing of body set point of weight?

Does high GI and blood sugar cause overload of pancreas?

So insulin is storing extra glucose as fat.

http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=XGaI1WDHo_0C&pg=PA35&dq=insulin+and+fa t+storage&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d0eoUdaQA8iR7Abrl4GoBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q= insulin%20and%20fat%20storage&f=falseInsulin

And prefers to store fat as fat, rather than glucose as fat as it takes less energyhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/fat-cell2.htm but does it store when extra glucose/fat/calories are not present???? need more articles in fat absorption and insulin to note if. See GI, insulin and fat storage for future

|and these two questions have not been clearly answered.

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Implications::: (can be begiing for type of intro or proposal or at end [aswell] to show use of result): for low fat, low carb, high GI diets and incentive to maintain low fat structure. Wgat about women who have naturally more fat? Wgat abiut fat ppl, is it tougger because of this set point to become thin? Further research::: need better qlty sources, more reading on fat storage aswell as how and if pancreas are overloaded by extra work and does it cause sensitivity or sonething else eventually causing diabetes. Alsi see woman and if naturally hight fat means impact of insulin ie metabolism in them is different?