SMJK SACRED HEART FATS What are fats and oils?

CARBON COMPOUND

Fats and oils are chemically very _______________, but differ in their __________________ Fats found in _______________ like goats and cows are _______________ at room temperature. Example: ____________________________ Fats from _____________ are _______________. They are called ________________. Example: ___________________________________________________ When fats and oils are hydrolysed, ___________________________________are formed. Hydrolysis means the _________________(breaking up) of a chemical substance by water. Ester + water carboxylic acid + glycerol The carboxylic acids produced from fats are known as __________________________. ____________________ usually contain 16 or 18 __________________ per molecule. Glycerol is an alcohol that contains ________________________ groups per molecule.

Propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol)

SMJK SACRED HEART The importance of oils and fats for body processes.

CARBON COMPOUND

Source of ________________ Fats are high energy food, they provide energy for our bodies.

Source of _____________ Fats are required to enable the human body to absorb _____________________

Importance of oils and fats in our bodies

Thermal insulation The layer of fat beneath the skin regulates body temperature. (______________________) Uses of oils and fats Act as a protective layer for internal organs such as the___________________ __________________________ __________

1. _______________________ such as palm oil, coconut oil, corn oil and groundnut oil can be used to manufacture products such as a) __________________________ b) Condensed milk c) __________________________ d) __________________________ e) Margarine f) Cosmetics such as facial wash and creams 2. ___________ such as ____________, margarine and ______________ can be used to make ____________________________________________ Comparison between oils and fats SIMILARITIES between Oils and Fats Made up of elements ______________________________ Almost the __________________________ Cannot dissolve in _______________but can dissolve in ____________________________ Is an ____________ that is formed from the reaction between long-chained ________________ (fatty acid) and ___________________(alcohol)

SMJK SACRED HEART DIFFERENCES Source Condition in room temperature Melting point Number of hydrogen atoms Contains double covalent bond Example Fats

CARBON COMPOUND Oils

Saturated and unsaturated fats Fats can be classified as - ________________________ - ________________________ Fats may be a product of reaction between: a) _________________ fatty acid and ________________ or b) _________________ fatty acid and ________________ Saturated fats molecule s contain ___________________________ compared to unsaturated fat molecules. The ratio of ________________________ in saturated fat molecules is _______________ compared to saturated fat molecules.

Saturated fats Saturated fat

+
-

Saturated fatty acid contains ________________________ in its hydrocarbon chain. Examples of saturated fatty acids palmitic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH - stearic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH Example of Saturated fats: Palmitic acid + Glycerol Glyceryl tripalmitate (saturated fatty acids) (a saturated fats ) Stearic acid + Glycerol Glyceryl tristearate (saturated fatty acids) (a saturated fats ) Saturated fats contain a ___________________________ of saturated fatty acids that resulting in a) A _______________ boiling point (compared to unsaturated fat). b) Exist as a _______________________ at room temperature. Sources of saturated fats - _________________________ (example ___________________) The percentage of saturated fatty acids in animal _______________ than unsaturated fatty acids.

SMJK SACRED HEART Unsaturated fats

CARBON COMPOUND

Unsaturated fat

Contain at least one ________________ between two carbon atoms in its hydrocarbon. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids are a) Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH b) Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Example of unsaturated fats: Linoleic acid + Glycerol Glyceryl trilinoleate (unsaturated fatty acids) (an unsaturated fats ) Oleic acid + Glycerol (unsaturated fatty acids) Glyceryl trioleate (an unsaturated fats )

Unsaturated fats contain a ______________ percentage of unsaturated fatty acids which causes a) A _____________ boiling point (compared to saturated fat) b) Exist as ______________ at room temperature Sources of unsaturated fats - _____________________ like ___________________________ The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils is _______________ than saturated fatty acids.

Comparison between saturated and unsaturated fats SIMILARITIES between saturated fats and unsaturated fats Made up of elements ______________________________ Is an ____________ of ____________________ and _______________

DIFFERENCES Physical conditions at room temperature Boiling point Number of hydrogen atoms Type of covalent bonds Effect in health Source

Saturated Fats

Unsaturated fats