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SEMESTER TEST: APRIL 2012 SEMESTERTOETS: APRIL 2012

Eksaminators / Examiners Prof JP Meyer, PhD, PrEng (University of Pretoria)

INSTRUKSIES/INSTRUCTIONS 1. Time / Tyd: 90 min 2. Answer all the questions / Beantwoord al die vrae 3. Full marks / Volpunte: 50 4. Start every question on a new page / Begin elke vraag op 'n nuwe bladsy 5. Neatness makes it easier to identify marks / Netheid maak dit makliker om punte te soek 6. Make sketches to identify different points and nomenclature. / Maak sketse om verskillende punte en nomenklatuur te identifiseer 7. Prescribed text books of Cengel are allowed.

QUESTION 1 [6] During air cooling of oranges, grapefruit, and tangelos, the heat transfer coefficient for combined convection, radiation, and evaporation for air velocities of 0.11<V<0.33 m/s is determined experimentally and is expressed as h = 5.05kairRe1/3/D, where the diameter D is the characteristic length. Oranges are cooled by refrigerated air at 5C and 1 atm at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. Determine (a) the initial rate of heat transfer from a 7-cm-diameter orange initially at 15C with a thermal conductivity of 0.50 W/m.C, (b) the value of the initial temperature gradient inside the orange at the surface, and (c) the value of the Nussel number.

QUESTION 2 [7] A 6-mm-diameter electrical transmission line carries an electrical current of 50 A and has a resistance of 0.002 Ohm (Work rate=I2R [Watt]) per meter length (/m). Determine the surface temperature of the wire during a windy day when the air temperature is 10C and the wind is blowing across the transmission line at 40 km/h. See the sketch on the next page.

QUESTION 3 [9] Water at 1500 kg/h and 10C enters a 10-mm diameter smooth tube whose wall temperature is maintained at 49C. Calculate (a) the tube length necessary to heat the water to 40C, and (b) the water outlet temperature if the tube length is doubled. Assume average water temperatures to be the same as in (a).

QUESTION 4 [14] Consider an air solar collector that is 1 m wide and 5 m long and has a constant spacing of 3 cm between the glass cover and the collector plate. Air enters the collector at 30C at a rate of 0.15 m3/s through the 1-m-wide edge and flows along the 5-m-long passage way. If the average temperature of the glass cover and collector plate are 20C and 60C, respectively, determine (a) the net rate of heat transfer to the air in the collector and (b) the temperature rise of air as it flows through the collector.

QUESTION 5 [14] A heat exchanger with 12 tubes, each 1.0 cm in diameter and 2.0 m in length, is used for heating a liquid stream at the rate of 1.0 kg/s. The tube-wall and liquid-inlet temperatures are 60C and 20C, respectively. Average liquid properties are: = 950 kg/m3, = 6 E-3 Pa.s, w = 4E-3 Pa.s, k = 0.5 W/m.K, and Cp = 1.5 kJ/kg.K. (a) Estimate the liquid-outlet temperature and the rate of heat transfer. (b) How will the results in part (a) change if all but one tubes are plugged (i.e. the entire liquid stream is forced through a single tube)? Source: Cengel 2006 EINDE/END MEMORANDUM VAN HIERDIE VRAESTEL IS OP CLICKUP/ MEMO OF THIS PAPER IS ON CLICKUP