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I
deas are the lifeblood of the investment business. To company, has substantial earning power yet trades below
be sure, many investors have failed despite good net cash and investments. Baupost is a major shareholder.
ideas, but few have succeeded without them. Our goal Tempur-Pedic (TPX), the non-innerspring mattress
is to put you in the best possible position by consistently leader, has been heavily shorted due to its discretionary,
delivering high-quality analysis and winning ideas. high-ticket product, input cost pressures and financial
It’s a good time to be in the ideas business. The leverage. The short thesis grossly underestimates the
dislocations over the past few months have been truly company’s highly variable cost structure and ability to
extraordinary. The deleveraging wave sweeping markets service the debt, potentially setting up a short squeeze.
and the blowup of specific pools of capital have left an Travelzoo (TZOO), an online distributor of travel
unprecedented number of securities trading with little deals, has been dismissed as a casualty of weak consumer
regard for intrinsic value. spending. However, the company’s solid U.S. profitability
We’ve uncovered some compelling opportunities is masked by startup losses related to global expansion.
among the 100 “magic formula” companies analyzed in With large insider ownership and insider buying, the
this issue. While our Top 10 picks are most noteworthy, market appears to have hugely misjudged intrinsic value.
you are likely to find many more companies deserving of Barely missing our Top 10 selections are fellow
further investigation. So, make yourself comfortable and magic formula stocks Barrett (BBSI), Dell (DELL),
get ready for a rewarding journey into idea land. New Frontier (NOOF), and Versant (VSNT).
Our Top 10 magic formula selections are high-ROIC
businesses misunderstood by investors and, therefore, THIS IS CURIOUS…
mispriced. American Eagle (AEO), the youth fashion Volkswagen (VOW.DE) briefly became the most
brand, has been shunned despite one of the best business highly valued stock in the world, hitting 1,000 euros per
models in retail, featuring strong brand loyalty, efficient share even as intrinsic value remained well below 100.
sourcing and excellent store economics.
Playboy (PLA) trades at an adjusted enterprise value
Garmin (GRMN), the leading provider of personal of $90 million, despite ownership of the Playboy Mansion
navigation devices, has lost the momentum that had (on the books for $1 million but worth well north of $50
attracted speculators; yet, the company continues to enjoy million) and annualized EBIT of more than $25 million
a large market opportunity and trades at 6x 2009E EPS. from the growing brand licensing segment alone.
KHD Humboldt Wedag (KHD), a global cement Tree.com (TREE), an InterActiveCorp spinoff, has a
plant engineering firm, is run by an unusually adept CEO market value of $21 million, despite more than $40
and has massive under-appreciated non-core assets, million of net cash, recent buying by the CEO and CFO,
including cash, preferred stock and an iron ore interest. and a takeout value five years ago of $700+ million.
MEMC Electronic Materials (WFR), a wafer Cresud (CRESY), a leading Argentinian agricultural
maker for semiconductor and solar applications, is valued company, trades at $6 per share, below the value of its
as a commodity semi cap equipment firm, ignoring the public company holdings and the net cash raised in a
company’s leadership in the growing solar industry. Leucadia-backed $16 per-share rights offering in March.
Microsoft (MSFT) has finally said “no” to Yahoo The market ascribes no value to Cresud’s ownership of
and embarked on a $40 billion accretive stock buyback, more than one million acres of productive land.
yet it continues to trade at a major discount to the sum-of-
the-parts value of its business units.
Enjoy — and be sure to keep the good ideas coming
Net 1 (UEPS), a provider of payment cards to the by subscribing today (see subscription form on last page).
unbanked in South Africa and elsewhere, continues to Do also let us know how we can make the MOI more
grow and has recently removed major uncertainty, yet it valuable to you. Email us at editor@manualofideas.com.
trades at 5x forward earnings.
Premier Exhibitions (PRXI), a developer of —The Manual of Ideas Editorial Team
museum-quality exhibitions and the salvor-in-possession
of the Tianic shipwreck site, has misstepped and is now
valued not only at a low single digit multiple of
normalized EPS but also below the appraised value of its
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Magic Formula 100 the final compilation of the MFI Top 100. This simple
process stands in stark contrast to most quantitative
Greenblatt’s Approach – Why It Works screening methods, which rely on multiple variables and
Our Top 10 Magic Formula Selections are difficult to replicate.
Profiles of Magic Formula 100 Makes sense. Few investors would prefer a bad
business to a good one, and few would purposely ignore
the price they pay for a stock. MFI seeks out good
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regarding an investment opportunity. Unfortunately, the OUR PROPRIETARY TOP 10 SELECTION PROCESS
subjective judgment is frequently tainted by emotional The Manual of Ideas has developed a process that
bias. As a result, the investor may dismiss the seeks to improve upon the already impressive
headhunting firm by thinking, “Of course it’s cheap, performance of the magic formula screen. The MF 100
we’re in a recession!” Similarly, the investor may dismiss is an unranked list of the 100 most attractive companies
the laser eye surgery company by thinking, “Of course it’s based on earnings yield and return on capital employed.
cheap, they might go out of business!” We highly recommend Joel Greenblatt’s MFI website,
MFI never runs out of investment candidates. www.magicformulainvesting.com.
Several value investment strategies have become de facto MOI’s methodology recognizes that not every
obsolete over time. For example, whereas Ben Graham equity investment should be approached with the same
successfully searched for so-called “net nets” more than a set of questions. Security analysis should be tailored to
half-century ago, such companies have become virtually the type of opportunity examined. For example, an
extinct today. The few companies whose current assets investor analyzing a company that trades at a large
exceed the sum of their equity market value and total discount to net cash and tangible book value might
liabilities are typically either depleting those current inquire whether the company can be liquidated without
assets at a rapid pace or there are other reasons why major asset impairments, not whether the company’s
theoretical liquidation values might not be realized. As a long-term competitive position is favorable. On the other
result, today’s professional investors cannot build their hand, an investor analyzing a company that trades well
businesses around “net nets.” By contrast, MFI simply above book value and at a high multiple of earnings must
ranks public companies relative to each other. There is no examine prospects for sustained rapid earnings growth.
absolute cheapness requirement, whether it be “net net” or
that book value exceed market value. As a result, MFI The performance of the MFI screen can be
will always provide investors with an investable list of improved if one asks questions that take into account
relatively attractive public companies. the nature of magic formula selections. Of particular
concern is the fact that MFI favors firms exhibiting high
Investors tend to remain skeptical of winning returns on capital employed. Such companies are
strategies even after long periods of outperformance. generally not cheap based on the liquidation value of their
Investors have been taught – you might say assets. Instead, they might be cheap based on current and
“brainwashed” – that markets are efficient and there is no prospective earning power. As a result, a crucial
free lunch. As a result, they struggle with the notion that a determination when evaluating MF selections is whether
simple quantitative strategy can systematically they exhibit above-average returns on capital for
outperform the best efforts of large numbers of securities transitory reasons or for reasons that have some
analysts and portfolio managers. For example, stocks that permanence. Warren Buffett calls this moat; others may
trade at a low multiple of price to book value have know it as sustainable competitive advantage. It is also
outperformed the broader market in a statistically crucial whether a business operates in a growing industry
significant way for a long period of time. Economists that allows the company to reinvest a portion of free cash
Eugene Fama and Kenneth French have studied this flow at high rates of return.
phenomenon extensively (latest data is available at
www.kennethfrench.com). Ironically, even after having The MOI seeks out companies whose earnings
observed this contradiction of the efficient markets yield is likely to increase over time if the stock price
hypothesis (EMH) for many years, Fama, in true remains unchanged. Such companies not only sustain
professorial fashion, tried to explain it away by invoking high returns on capital, but also grow earnings by
the EMH adherents’ favorite axiom: If a strategy reinvesting cash in the business. As they generate high
outperforms, it must be riskier! Unfortunately for Fama, returns, such companies need to reinvest only a portion of
the strategy of buying stocks with low price-to-book FCF in order to achieve respectable growth. As a result,
multiples also exhibited relatively low volatility. they generally have cash available for dividends and stock
Volatility, of course, is the EMH adherents’ favorite repurchases. Buybacks executed at “good” prices
definition of risk. Undeterred, Fama concluded that low accelerate EPS growth and value creation.
price-to-book stocks must be riskier in other ways… The
In order to narrow down the list of 100 MF
continuing lack of disappearance of the low price-to-book
companies to the ten most promising investments, we
“anomaly” suggests that investors may not flock to MFI
use a scoring methodology to rank the companies. We
even after many years of demonstrated outperformance.
then consider the scoring results and a number of
increasingly subjective criteria to narrow down the list to
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Page 6 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
ten investments. In addition to “positive” criteria, such as occurred at prices roughly equal to or below the
sustainability of competitive advantage, management current market price.
quality and industry growth, our selection methodology
takes into account the following negative criteria, among • Alignment of interests: We avoid companies with
others (as Charlie Munger might say, “Invert!”): major CEO conflicts of interest or corporate
governance abuses.
• Pro forma adjustments: We eliminate companies
that would not be on the MF list if their financial • Value proposition: We avoid companies that
statements were adjusted to reflect true operating offer a questionable value proposition to their
performance (may include companies recently end customers.
engaged in large M&A). • M&A rollups: We avoid companies that have
• Capital reinvestment: We avoid companies with meaningful integration risks due to major
virtually no opportunity for high-return reliance on acquisition-driven growth.
reinvestment of capital (typically companies in
industries in long-term decline).
MAGIC FORMULA TOP 10 — MOI SELECTIONS
• Threats to key revenue source: We avoid (in alphabetical order)
companies dependent on a specific customer or
• American Eagle Outfitters (AEO)
contract, if loss of latter has become a real
• Garmin (GRMN)
possibility (circumstances may include
acquisition of major customer, ongoing re-bid • KHD Humboldt Wedag (KHD)
process for large contract, or loss of patent • MEMC Electronic Materials (WFR)
protection). • Microsoft (MSFT)
• Net 1 UEPS (UEPS)
• Cyclicality: We avoid capital-intensive • Premier Exhibitions (PRXI)
businesses that generate high ROIC only during • Syneron (ELOS)
cyclical upswings in their respective industries. • Tempur-Pedic International (TPX)
• Faddishness: We avoid companies providing a • Travelzoo (TZOO)
product or service that has a reasonably high
likelihood of being a fad.
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MEMC Electronic Materials (NYSE: WFR) Wafers for Semiconductor and Solar Applications (www.memc.com)
Price: $15.34 ($13.79-$96.08) P/E FYE 12/31/07: 4.3x Year ended 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 9/30/08
Market value: $3.4 billion P/E FYE 12/31/08: 4.3x Revenue: 1,107 1,541 1,922 2,115
Enterprise value: $2.4 billion P/E FYE 12/31/09: 3.7x GP: 367 689 1,001 1,105
Shares out: 224.5 million P/E FYE 12/31/10: 3.3x EBIT: 257 558 850 943
Institutional ownership: 89% EV / LTM revenue: 1.1x Net income: 249 369 826 694
Insider ownership: 1% EV / LTM EBIT: 2.5x Diluted EPS: 1.10 1.61 3.56 3.00
Insider buys/sales: 1/0 P / tangible book: 1.7x Capex: 163 148 276 346
FCF: 158 379 641 410
Business: MEMC provides silicon wafers for semiconductor and solar
Net cash: 101 551 1,286 1,089
applications. It has global R&D and manufacturing facilities. Customers
include semi device and solar cell makers. MEMC sells wafers from ST assets: 436 900 1,590 1,429
100-300mm and intermediate products such as polysilicon and silane ST liabilities: 225 258 444 523
gas. The company has 200+ U.S. and 450+ foreign patents. Samsung Intangibles: 0 0 0 0
and Yingli Green Energy each accounted for 10%+ of revenue in 2007. Book value: 711 1,167 2,035 2,080
Total assets: 1,148 1,766 2,887 2,985
Thesis: MEMC is a technology company tapping into long-term
ROIC: 46% 90% >100% >100%
semiconductor industry growth and global adoption of solar cells.
Shares have declined as the outlook for semi cap equipment makers
has deteriorated and management has slashed guidance (the CEO
$150
resigned in late October). We believe momentum-oriented investors
$100
have overreacted to the slowdown in growth. While semi cap
equipment is highly cyclical, solar represents a major secular growth $50
opportunity, which the market is currently ignoring. We value MEMC at
$30-36 per share, based on a range of 6x trailing EBIT to 10x $0
estimated 2009 EPS (detailed analysis herein). 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
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Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT) Operating Systems, Business Software, Games & Online Services (www.microsoft.com)
Price: $20.06 ($18.74-$36.72) P/E FYE 6/30/08: 10.7x Year ended 6/30/06 6/30/07 6/30/08 9/30/08
Market value: $178.4 billion P/E FYE 6/30/09: 9.9x Revenue: 44,282 51,122 60,420 61,719
Enterprise value: $159.7 billion P/E FYE 6/30/10: 8.8x GP: 36,632 40,429 48,822 49,948
Shares out: 8,895.6 million P/E FYE 6/30/11: 7.7x EBIT: 16,064 18,499 22,180 22,204
Institutional ownership: 61% EV / LTM revenue: 2.6x Net income: 12,599 14,065 17,681 17,765
Insider ownership: 13% EV / LTM EBIT: 7.2x Diluted EPS: 1.20 1.42 1.87 1.90
Insider buys/sales: 1/28 P / tangible book: 9.2x Capex: 1,578 2,264 3,182 3,450
FCF: 12,826 15,532 18,430 15,654
Business: Microsoft, founded in 1975, is the world’s largest software
Net cash: 34,161 23,411 23,662 18,747
firm. It operates in five segments: Client (Windows OS), Server and
Tools (Windows & SQL Server), Online Services (MSN), Business ST assets: 49,010 40,168 43,242 37,202
(Office, Project, Visio, Exchange, Live Meeting), and Entertainment and ST liabilities: 22,442 23,754 29,886 24,383
Devices (Xbox, Zune, Windows Mobile, Windows Embedded). Intangibles: 4,405 5,638 14,081 14,190
Book value: 40,104 31,097 36,286 33,594
Thesis: Microsoft is quite possibly the world’s best business, as
Total assets: 69,597 63,171 72,793 65,117
reflected by the company’s global ubiquity, virtually unassailable market
ROIC: n/m n/m n/m n/m
position in operating systems, strong management, and ability to
generate enormous profits while employing no capital in the business.
While Microsoft is cheap based on 10x estimated FY09 headline EPS, $80
the undervaluation becomes even more apparent if one considers that $60
the company’s balance sheet remains deleveraged and that valuable $40
businesses, such as MSN and Xbox, are not yet contributing to
headline EPS. We value Microsoft at $41-54 per share, based on the $20
sum-of-the-parts valuation analysis presented herein. Our estimate $0
ascribes no value to the company’s recently announced $40 billion 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
stock repurchase plan, which should be highly accretive to EPS.
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Overview of Companies Analyzed (in alphabetical order)
*
Numbers shown are based on GAAP data, while the screening process uses EBIT adjusted for non-recurring items.
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Overview of Companies Analyzed (in alphabetical order) (continued)
*
Numbers shown are based on GAAP data, while the screening process uses EBIT adjusted for non-recurring items.
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Overview of Companies Analyzed (sorted by market value)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Overview of Companies Analyzed (sorted by market value) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Stock Price Performance (sorted by price decline since 12/31/07)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Stock Price Performance (sorted by price decline since 12/31/07) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — P/E Multiples (sorted by P/E based on estimated EPS for next fiscal year)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — P/E Multiples (sorted by P/E based on estimated EPS for next fiscal year) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Historical and Prospective EPS (in alphabetical order)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Historical and Prospective EPS (in alphabetical order) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Latest Quarterly EPS Surprise (sorted by magnitude of surprise)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Latest Quarterly EPS Surprise (sorted by magnitude of surprise) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Revenue and EPS Growth (sorted by next FY EPS growth)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Revenue and EPS Growth (sorted by next FY EPS growth) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Percentile Rank within Industry (sorted by LTM EBIT margin rank)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Percentile Rank within Industry (sorted by LTM EBIT margin rank) (continued)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Selected Metrics (sorted by net cash to market value)
Recent EV / Price /
Price LTM Tangible Net Debt / Net Cash / Dividend
Company / Ticker ($) Revenue Book Equity MV Yield
KHD Humboldt Wedag Internation / KHD 9.10 nm 0.8x nm 142% -
DepoMed, Inc. / DEPO 1.64 0.3x 2.7x nm 91% -
Sierra Wireless, Inc. (USA) / SWIR 7.88 0.1x 0.9x nm 83% -
TheStreet.com, Inc. / TSCM 3.17 0.3x 1.0x nm 80% 3.2%
Acme Packet, Inc. / APKT 3.69 0.7x 1.4x nm 62% -
Verigy Ltd. / VRGY 10.96 0.3x 1.2x nm 60% -
Dynacq Healthcare, Inc. / DYII 3.39 0.5x 0.8x nm 58% -
Syneron Medical Ltd. / ELOS 7.74 0.7x 0.9x nm 56% -
LCA-Vision Inc. / LCAV 3.91 0.1x 0.8x nm 55% -
Heidrick & Struggles Internati / HSII 21.24 0.3x 1.8x nm 53% 2.4%
KBR, Inc. / KBR 13.11 0.1x 1.4x nm 52% 1.5%
Sigma Designs, Inc. / SIGM 8.79 0.5x 0.9x nm 52% -
Versant Corporation / VSNT 14.46 1.3x 2.2x nm 51% -
Emulex Corporation / ELX 7.22 0.6x 1.5x nm 50% -
Barrett Business Services, Inc / BBSI 10.14 0.2x 1.7x nm 47% 3.2%
Diamond Mgt. & Technology Cons / DTPI 3.96 0.3x 1.4x nm 47% 8.8%
Perini Corporation / PCR 14.42 0.1x 2.1x nm 47% -
ViroPharma Incorporated / VPHM 11.70 2.5x 2.0x nm 45% -
Double-Take Software, Inc. / DBTK 7.07 1.1x 2.6x nm 44% -
Foster Wheeler Ltd. / FWLT 19.94 0.3x 3.2x nm 41% -
Take-Two Interactive Software, / TTWO 10.76 0.5x 2.5x nm 41% -
USA Mobility, Inc. / USMO 9.55 0.4x 1.5x nm 40% 10.5%
Premier Exhibitions, Inc. / PRXI 0.78 0.2x 0.7x nm 40% -
Ambassadors Group, Inc. / EPAX 8.40 0.9x 2.3x nm 39% 5.5%
VAALCO Energy, Inc. / EGY 4.39 1.3x 1.5x nm 39% -
King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. / KG 9.64 0.7x 1.2x nm 38% -
Korn/Ferry International / KFY 11.61 0.4x 1.6x nm 38% -
Value Line, Inc. / VALU 32.88 2.5x 3.8x nm 38% 4.9%
New Frontier Media, Inc. / NOOF 1.80 0.5x 1.3x nm 37% 27.8%
CF Industries Holdings, Inc. / CF 54.97 0.7x 1.8x nm 37% 0.7%
SPSS Inc. / SPSS 24.30 1.0x 3.4x nm 36% -
Lam Research Corporation / LRCX 17.99 0.6x 1.6x nm 34% -
BSQUARE Corporation / BSQR 2.93 0.3x 1.5x nm 33% -
Dell Inc. / DELL 10.89 0.2x 57.3x nm 33% -
NVIDIA Corporation / NVDA 7.17 0.7x 2.0x nm 33% -
MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc / WFR 15.34 1.2x 1.7x nm 32% -
Hurco Companies, Inc. / HURC 17.17 0.4x 1.0x nm 30% -
Monster Worldwide, Inc. / MWW 11.62 0.8x 4.3x nm 27% -
Forest Laboratories, Inc. / FRX 22.97 1.3x 2.1x nm 27% -
EarthLink, Inc. / ELNK 6.36 0.4x 3.6x nm 27% -
Travelzoo Inc. / TZOO 4.48 0.6x 2.9x nm 25% -
eBay Inc. / EBAY 12.36 1.6x 3.9x nm 23% -
Medicis Pharmaceutical Corpora / MRX 11.24 1.1x 2.3x nm 22% 1.4%
Net 1 Ueps Technologies Inc / UEPS 10.97 2.0x 4.2x nm 21% -
iBasis, Inc. / IBAS 2.15 0.1x nm nm 20% -
Kenexa Corporation / KNXA 5.59 0.6x 1.8x nm 20% -
ValueClick, Inc. / VCLK 5.71 0.6x 5.2x nm 18% -
[MFI100 ● Top100_browser ● MOI_macros_100.xls, MOI100A]
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Selected Metrics (sorted by net cash to market value) (continued)
Recent EV / Price /
Price LTM Tangible Net Debt / Net Cash / Dividend
Company / Ticker ($) Revenue Book Equity MV Yield
Accenture Ltd. / ACN 28.67 0.7x 12.3x nm 17% 1.7%
American Eagle Outfitters / AEO 8.88 0.5x 1.3x nm 17% 4.5%
Biovail Corporation (USA) / BVF 8.57 1.3x 4.3x nm 17% 17.5%
Varian Semiconductor / VSEA 17.47 1.3x 2.5x nm 16% -
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. / CDNS 3.93 0.5x 2.0x nm 16% -
EMCOR Group, Inc. / EME 13.80 0.1x 5.4x nm 16% -
NutriSystem Inc. / NTRI 13.22 0.4x 3.2x nm 15% 5.3%
Garmin Ltd. / GRMN 19.04 1.0x 2.0x nm 14% 3.9%
Robert Half International Inc. / RHI 17.81 0.5x 3.3x nm 13% 2.5%
R.G. Barry Corp. / DFZ 5.28 0.4x 1.2x nm 13% -
Lorillard Inc. / LO 60.78 2.3x 14.1x nm 12% 6.1%
Mesabi Trust / MSB 8.89 5.5x nm nm 12% 56.2%
Hansen Natural Corporation / HANS 25.36 2.3x 4.8x nm 12% -
Microsoft Corporation / MSFT 20.06 2.6x 9.2x nm 11% 2.6%
Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd. / ALDN 9.44 1.1x 1.1x nm 8% -
Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. / QCOR 8.15 9.8x 12.5x nm 8% -
Coach, Inc. / COH 16.20 1.5x 4.9x nm 8% -
Spark Networks Inc / LOV 3.05 0.9x nm nm 6% -
RadioShack Corporation / RSH 9.65 0.3x 1.5x nm 5% 2.6%
Mosaic Company, The / MOS 32.47 1.4x 2.5x nm 5% 0.6%
Total System Services, Inc. / TSS 12.16 1.3x 4.9x nm 2% 2.3%
Precision Castparts Corp. / PCP 55.04 1.1x 3.8x nm 1% 0.2%
Darling International Inc. / DAR 4.57 0.6x 2.3x nm 1% -
First Advantage Corporation / FADV 12.02 0.9x 10.8x 1% -1% -
Broadridge Financial Solutions / BR 11.10 0.7x 6.3x 9% -4% 2.5%
AmerisourceBergen Corp. / ABC 29.98 0.1x 1.8x 11% -7% 1.0%
Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc. / PPD 35.92 1.0x 16.3x >99% -8% -
Manitowoc Company, Inc. / MTW 6.92 0.2x 1.0x 5% -8% 1.2%
Boeing Company, The / BA 41.04 0.5x 10.1x 32% -9% 3.9%
Pacer International, Inc. / PACR 10.27 0.2x 6.9x 11% -10% 5.8%
CTC Media, Inc. / CTCM 4.45 1.6x nm 10% -10% -
Rockwell Automation / ROK 26.08 0.7x 7.3x 25% -11% 4.4%
Allegheny Technologies Incorpo / ATI 21.20 0.4x 0.9x 10% -12% 3.4%
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., T / MHP 23.36 1.2x nm 62% -14% 3.8%
Herbalife Ltd. / HLF 17.56 0.6x nm 64% -16% 4.6%
Herman Miller, Inc. / MLHR 14.61 0.5x nm >99% -28% 2.4%
Energen Corporation / EGN 28.40 1.8x 1.2x 35% -28% 1.7%
Lincare Holdings Inc. / LNCR 25.03 1.5x nm 66% -32% -
ICF International, Inc. / ICFI 18.00 0.5x nm 45% -33% -
Seagate Technology / STX 4.87 0.3x 1.1x 19% -37% 9.9%
Bare Escentuals, Inc. / BARE 4.45 1.2x nm nm -54% -
Meredith Corporation / MDP 16.11 0.7x nm 56% -60% 5.3%
COMSYS IT Partners, Inc. / CITP 4.14 0.2x nm 41% -81% -
Viacom, Inc. / VIA.B 16.78 1.4x nm >99% -82% -
Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc / JTX 11.76 2.2x nm >99% -83% 6.1%
Tempur-Pedic International Inc / TPX 6.72 0.8x nm >99% -86% -
DISH Network Corp. / DISH 11.00 0.9x nm nm -92% -
Iconix Brand Group, Inc. / ICON 8.72 6.9x nm 98% -116% -
Deluxe Corporation / DLX 10.89 0.9x nm >99% -156% 9.2%
infoGROUP Inc / IUSA 3.38 0.7x nm >99% -157% 10.4%
Gannett Co., Inc. / GCI 8.15 0.8x nm 57% -204% 19.6%
PRIMEDIA Inc. / PRM 1.37 0.9x nm nm -374% 20.4%
Lear Corporation / LEA 1.40 0.1x nm >99% -1682% -
[MFI100 ● Top100_browser ● MOI_macros_100.xls, MOI100A]
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Page 30 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
The “Magic Formula” 100 — Insider Ownership, Open Market Activity (sorted by # of buys)
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The “Magic Formula” 100 — Insider Ownership, Open Market Activity (sorted by # of buys) (continued)
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Page 32 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
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Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd. (Nasdaq: ALDN) Petach Tikva, Israel, 212-564-5678
Technology: Software & Programming http://www.aladdin.com
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may be apparent.
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Page 45 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
AEO – Gross and Operating Margins, FY 1995-2008 • Women’s business: “has been very challenging;”
The company has achieved record margins in recent years, reflecting “denim business has been the one category that has
the operating leverage inherent in same-store sales growth. Profit hurt us;” “changes that we’ve made in fashion have
margins remained quite strong even in years, such as 2003-04, in
definitely started to resonate with the customer;”
which revenue growth ground to a halt.
“we have not held our position of strength… in
50% denim, and the whole denim assortment is not a
40%
catastrophe. We just have a few styles, and they did
not resonate very well with the customer and there
30% were a couple of misses, to be honest with you. We
have addressed those, and we expect to be in a very
20% strong denim position, trend-wise for holiday this
10% year;” “very encouraged by spring ’09;” “not…
writing off holiday ‘08”
0% • Men’s business: “has been good”
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 • Accessories business: “have struggled with
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas. accessories for some time now, and although we’ve
had periodic improvements, …the category is not
where we want it to be”
AEO CORE STORE METRICS • Direct business (aeo.com, etc.): “continues to
A new American Eagle store generates a “four-wall” demonstrate strength;” “increase in conversion as
return on invested capital of 91% in year one, based on well as an increase in unique site visits;” “direct to
our calculations and data provided by the company. consumer processing costs per unit declined by over
Company data is based on 40 stores opened since early 2006. 25% [in FQ3];” “ship to 62 countries;” “continuing
We note that four-wall returns for new stores opened in the to see the global appetite for our brand grow”aerie:
current economic environment are likely significantly lower “performing well;” “stores are ramping up ahead of
than the return shown here. Nonetheless, we believe the our plan;” “really been turning on over the last
company can sustain reasonable returns on capital in a quarter… very pleased with the performance;”
difficult economy, with returns like to rebound substantially “undies have taken off… strong bra performance;”
when consumer spending trends improve. “AUR is somewhat lower than the AE brand”
• Martin + Osa: “continue to see an improvement;”
New American Eagle Stores – First-Year Economics “our targets for the brand to reach an annual run rate
New AE store size 6,000 square feet of $375 per square foot, and a four wall break even
Investment to open new store
1
$730,000 in the fourth quarter of this year, are the parameters
Sales per square foot $410 for keeping the business ongoing”
Sales $2,460,000
• New stores: “profitable in their very first year;”
Four-wall profit margin 27%
Four-wall profit $664,200 “running out of new store locations, so I expect over
Pre-tax return on investment 91% the next handful of years, two to three years, to see
1
Includes opening inventory of ~$100K but excludes tennant allowances. our new store opening cadence probably get
Source: The Manual of Ideas, American Eagle. somewhere around 15 to 20 stores, and we’re going
to cap out at approximately 1,100 [AE] stores”
• Relief from landlords? “very definitely;” “between
MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS 35 and 45 stores [come up for lease renewal] a year”
CEO O’Donnell and CFO Hilson provided the following • Share repurchases: “…as auction rates loosen up,
commentary on the 2Q09 earnings call on August 26: we will continue to evaluate share repurchase. We
• Operating environment: “store traffic and still have our authorization out there. So it’s really
consumer demand have been down compared to dependent on the auction rate market.”
prior years;” “traffic… has been relatively choppy” • Chief merchandising officer replacement: “very
• Promotional front: “we do expect… third quarter pleased at the caliber of individuals we’re speaking
markdowns to be higher than last year” with;” “I would think that we would have someone
• Management focus: “managing the business identified, and hopefully announced by year’s end”
conservatively, with tight inventories, and we
continue to pursue expense opportunities” RECOMMENDED READING
• AE brand: “strong, well positioned, and top of • Value Investors Club write-ups dated November 2,
mind with our 15 to 25-year-old customers” 2007 and July 7, 2008.
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Page 55 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
1
(5 offices in Utah, 2 in Colorado, 2 in Arizona).
HR responsibilities with BBSI:
Payroll
Admin
Human
Resources
Employee
Benefits
Safety
Services
Workers’
Comp
COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
Report Hours New Employee Safety Meetings Report
Reporting
OSHA
Incidents to
BBSI
ASF 410 221 .1x 2.0x 9x 9x
Reviews
Written KELYA 432 433 .1x 0.7x 15x 24x
Warnings
Disciplinary MAN 2,166 2,506 .1x 1.9x 6x 9x
Notices
BBSI 108 57 .2x 1.7x 10x 9x
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
• Outsourcing HR function allows clients to reduce MAJOR HOLDERS
the liability of being an employer, focus on the core CEO Sherertz 26% │ Other insiders 2% │ Royce 13% │
business, develop a “just-in-time” workforce, and Manulife 8%
improve efficiencies. BBSI addresses workplace
safety, lowers workers’ comp premiums, recruits RATINGS
and screens employees, manages turnover, handles VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
employee claims, implements benefit programs, and MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
complies with regulatory filing requirements. FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
• Recurring revenue stream. PEO contracts are MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
annual with automatic renewals (30-day EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
cancellation). BBSI has a 90% client retention rate. MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
1
Source: BBSI.
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Page 57 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
FYE June 30
1
2006 2007 2008 1Q09 INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
% of revenue by segment:
Investor communication 71% 72% 72% 67%
• Weakness in customer base. Broadridge derives
Securities processing 25% 24% 24% 28% the vast majority of revenue from financial services
Clearing & outsourcing 4% 4% 4% 5% clients, including brokerage firms and banks.
Revenue growth by segment: • FY09E EPS weighted to second half. “As a result
Investor communication 15% 11% 1% 5%
Securities processing 6% 4% 1% 7%
of the timing of expense buildups” in FY08, the
Clearing & outsourcing 31% 16% 2% -6% company expects EPS to decline in 1H09 and
Total revenue growth
2
13% 11% 3% 5% increase in 2H09, “with a strong exit rate.”
Pre-tax margin by segment: • Financial services consolidation could result in
Investor communication 15% 15% 16% 7%
Securities processing 28% 29% 27% 28%
clients moving more operations in-house. The
Clearing & outsourcing -31% -13% -5% -13% company’s top five clients comprised 22% of
Other & currency -1% -2% -3% 0% revenue in FY08 (largest client was 5-6% of sales).
Total pre-tax margin 16% 15% 15% 12%
Total EBIT margin 16% 16% 16% 11%
% of revenue by geography:
COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
U.S. 89% 89% 88% n/a ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
Canada, U.K., other 11% 11% 12% n/a DST 1,748 2,927 1.3x 6.6x 9x 8x
1
Excludes "other" and foreign exchange. FIS 3,011 5,392 1.4x n/m 10x 9x
2
FY08 revenue grew faster than segment revenue due to currency and other.
BR 1,570 1,639 .7x 6.3x 8x 7x
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
• Large-scale operations. In FY08, Broadridge MAJOR HOLDERS
processed 74% of the outstanding shares in the U.S. CEO Daly <1% │ Other insiders 2% │ Barclays 6% │ Blue
in the performance of its proxy services; distributed Ridge 5% │ Ziff 5%
over one billion investor communications in paper
or electronic form; and processed $3 trillion daily in RATINGS
fixed income trades for large banks. VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
• Investor communication business (72% of FY08 MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
revenue) leads industry in proxy solutions such as FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
“notice and access.” FY09 product opportunities MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
include “investor mailbox” and “investor network.” EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
The company expects this segment to grow 2-4% in MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
FY09, with fee-only revenue growth of 5-9%. EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
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Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq: CDNS) San Jose, CA, 408-943-1234
Technology: Software & Programming, Member of S&P MidCap 400 http://www.cadence.com
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BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Strategy: grow organically and via “bolt on” M&A;
Foster Wheeler is an engineering and construction contractor leverage strong position in refining, delayed coking,
and power equipment supplier that operates in two segments: LNG and circulating fluidized-bed boilers; pursue
The Engineering & Construction (E&C) Group builds “clean coal” and renewable technologies.
processing facilities for the oil and gas, power and other • E&C outlook: Key markets “very robust”; expects
industries. Services include front-end design; engineering, strong 2H08 orders; Q3-end backlog up 7% y-y.
procurement, construction; and project management. • Power outlook: Global demand may offset delays
The Power Group provides steam generating and auxiliary in N.A. prospects; Q3-end backlog up 5% y-y.
equipment for power stations and industrial facilities. • Authorized $750 million buyback in September,
with $338 million used to buy 10.5 million shares.
SELECTED OPERATING DATA • Stock price implies 19% trailing FCF yield, 6x
YTD trailing P/E and 5x forward P/E.
FYE December 31 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
% of revenue by segment: INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
E&C 67% 63% 72% 75%
Power 33% 37% 28% 25% • Power group profit may be pressured. According
Revenue growth by segment: to the company, “EBITDA growth in 2009 will
E&C -12% 51% 66% 50% depend on how the N.A. market develops and on
Power -26% 75% 12% 27% our continued success booking jobs outside N.A.”
∆ revenue -17% 59% 46% 43%
∆ new orders 71% 18% 82% -19%
4 • Dependent on demand from oil and gas, refining,
∆ revenue ex. flow-through
1
na 56% 27% 17% chemical and power industries, all of which
∆ backlog ex. flow-through
2
37% 17% 30% 6% exhibit cyclicality in their spending on large-scale
engineering and construction projects.
3
EBITDA margin by segment (GAAP basis):
E&C 11% 15% 14% 11%
Power 15% 7% 10% 15%
• Fixed-price deals account for ~20% of revenue,
Corporate and other -12% -1% -1% -1% exposing the company to the risk of cost overruns.
Total EBITDA margin 0% 11% 12% 11% • Long-term liabilities include $254 million pension
% of revenue by industry: liability and $334 million asbestos liability.
Power generation 42% 38% 28% 24%
Oil refining 20% 20% 28% 23%
• Present value of asbestos liability is difficult to
Oil and gas 15% 19% 18% 27% estimate. The company has recorded a GAAP
Chemical / petrochemical 10% 11% 20% 23% liability based on forcasted claims through 2022.
Other 13% 11% 7% 4% • CEO Ray Milchovich to retire in 2009.
% of E&C revenue by geography:
North America 4% 6% 7% n/a
South America 2% 3% 2% n/a COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
Europe 46% 28% 23% n/a ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
Asia 11% 14% 22% n/a ABB 24,883 20,057 .6x 2.9x 6x 6x
Middle East 19% 21% 27% n/a
JEC 3,796 3,299 .3x 2.8x 8x 8x
Other 18% 28% 19% n/a
% of Power revenue by geography: FLR 6,485 4,418 .2x 2.4x 10x 9x
North America 51% 58% 49% n/a MDR 1,778 952 .1x 1.3x 3x 4x
South America 2% 4% 5% n/a FWLT 2,667 1,581 .2x 3.2x 5x 5x
Europe 26% 30% 34% n/a
Asia 19% 7% 11% n/a
Middle East 2% 0% 0% n/a MAJOR HOLDERS
Other 0% 0% 0% n/a Insiders <1% │ T Rowe 9%
1
Revenue excluding flow-through costs (“Foster Wheeler scope”) was $3.6
billion in 2007 and $3.0 billion in the first nine months of 2008.
2
3
Backlog ex. flow-through costs was $3.2 billion (+6% y-y) at September 30. RATINGS
EBITDA margins are materally higher on a “Foster Wheeler scope” basis.
4
New orders on a “Foster Wheeler scope” basis are up 1% YTD.
VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized? n/a1
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
• Industry leader with 14,000 people: Technically
EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
advanced provider of large-scale engineering and
MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
construction services; leader in combustion and
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
steam generation technology for the power industry.
1
The company is looking for a new CEO to replace Ray Milchovich.
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…additional insight into GRMN: GARMIN VERSUS TOMTOM – PND UNIT SHIPMENTS
2004 2005 2006 2007
WHAT ARE THE SHARES WORTH? PND unit sales (mn):
Garmin 2.3 3.0 5.4 12.3
• We value Garmin at $35-65 per share, based on TomTom 0.2 1.7 4.7 9.6
the valuation analysis summarized below. The wide Relative market shares:
range of fair value reflects (1) the difficulty of Garmin 90% 64% 54% 56%
TomTom 10% 36% 46% 44%
balancing the potential earnings impact of the
Source: Garmin, TomTom, The Manual of Ideas.
current slowdown and the continued positive long-
term growth outlook for personal navigation TOP COMPETITOR TOMTOM – SNAPSHOT
devices; and (2) the virtually impossible task of
• TomTom is #1 PND supplier in Europe (45%
predicting the multiple of earnings Garmin will
market share) and #2 globally. It derives more
deserve in the future. We reflect this dual challenge
than three-quarters of revenue from Europe, with
in fairly conservative assumptions.
the rest primarily from North Amrica. TomTom was
founded in 1991, went public in 2005 (Amsterdam:
Garmin — Valuation Summary
TOM2.AS), and has ~3,500 employees today.
($ in millions, except per share data) Low High
Value Value
• Explosive growth from 2002-07, with revenue up
Value of excess marketable assets:
1 from €8 million to €1.7 billion and net income up
Cash and equivalents $522 $522 from €1 million to €317 million over the period.
Marketable securities 18 18 • Q3 pro forma revenue down 12% sequentially
Long-term marketable securities 309 309
Net cash and investments $849 $849
and down 10% y-y. Favorable sequential but
Cash needed to run business
2
(200) (100) unfavorable y-y ASP trends are evident from the
Total $649 $749 fact that TomTom shipped 2.5 million PND units in
Q3, down 18% sequentially and up 17% y-y.
Value of core business: • Guiding for 2008 PND market size of 18 million
2009 estimated EPS ex. interest income 3.15
Fair value multiple of 2009E adjusted EPS 10x units in Europe and 18 million units in North
Estimated EBIT power in 2-3 years 1,600 America, down from TomTom previous market
Fair value multiple of EBIT power 8x guidance for 20 million units in each market.
Total $6,552 $12,800 TomTom expects to comprise 12-13 million of the
estimated 36 million units sold globally, resuling in
Estimated fair value of GRMN $7,201 $13,549
per share $35 $65
estimated revenue of €1.6-1.7 billion to TomTom,
1
Based on balance sheet values as of September 27, 2008. with 40% gross and 20% operating margins.
•
2
Represents MOI estimate. Acquired digital mapping provider Tele Atlas for
Source: Company filings, The Manual of Ideas estimates and analysis.
€3 billion in August, creating a strategic challenge
for Garmin, which relies on mapping data provided
WHY THE SHARES MAY BE MISPRICED
by Navteq, which Nokia acquired for $8 billion.
• Turnover in “style” of shareholder base. While
• Weak balance sheet, with negative tangible book,
only a year ago Garmin was a favorite “momentum
$263 million of cash and $1.6 billion of debt.
stock,” it now attracts investors who are both
comfortable with a projected earnings decline and
TomTom Stock Performance Since IPO
willing to own a business experiencing rapid
technological change. In other words, the shares € 80
may not have found a natural “home” yet, but we € 70
believe they are now moving into the sweetspot of € 60
“magic formula” and low P/E investors. € 50
€ 40
€ 30
€ 20
€ 10
€0
May-05 May-06 May-07 May-08
Source: TomTom, The Manual of Ideas.
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SHIPMENT VOLUME AND ASP TRENDS • Q3 review—outdoor fitness: 35% revenue growth,
• Unit shipments grew 128% in 2007 on a 21% helped by market share gains
decline in ASPs. Unit growth slowed to 55% in the • Q3 review—aviation: +9%, “as shipments to OEM
first nine months of 2008, while ASPs eroded 20%. offset weakness in portable and retrofit markets”
• Q3 review—marine: 8% revenue decline, as higher
Garmin—Unit Shipments and ASPs, 2000-08 YTD fuel prices have weakened marine industry; gaining
14mn units $400 per unit share in OEM and dealer-installed markets
12mn units • Q3 review—by geography: 29% North American
10mn units $300 per unit revenue growth, 9% European revenue growth, 21%
8mn units Asian revenue decline; Asia down due to “timing of
$200 per unit several sales programs… we do continue to expect
6mn units
4mn units $100 per unit
healthy double-digit growth in our APAC markets”
2mn units • 2008 guidance: revised down – “some markets are
0mn units $0 per unit slowing,” “weaker international currencies add
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ytd additional pressure on our revenues and margins;”
expect revenue of $3.6 billion (+13%), 24% EBIT
Unit Shipments Revenue per Unit
margin and EPS of $3.78 (flat y-y) including gain
Note: YTD data is for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. on TeleAtlas shares (based on 19% tax rate)
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
• 2009 outlook: market will be “different, with higher
Garmin—Unit Growth and ASP Changes, 2001-08 YTD penetration rates as we go into the year, but still unit
growth and less ASP decline;” ASP may erode less
140% 30% due to (1) already low prices and (2) already thin
120% 20% margins realized by competitors, leaving limited
100% 10% room for price cuts; U.S. PND unit growth: “not
80%
0%
prepared to give 2009 guidance, but… do not see
60% any reason why we shouldn’t see at least 20% unit
40% -10% growth;” PND margin may see “slight reduction…
20% -20% should still see [PND] margins of about 30%”
0% -30% • ASP dynamics: -17% in Q3; ASP stable or up y-y
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ytd in outdoor fitness, aviation and marine; PND ASP
Unit Grow th (left axis) ASP Change (right axis) decline continues “in line with our earlier forecast”
Note: YTD data is for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
• Inventory: to fall $150 million in Q4; at Q3-end,
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas. inventory was “more lean as retailers look to reduce
their… exposure and delay cash expenditures”
• nüvifone: on track for 1H09 launch; signed deals
MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS “with some key carriers” (including carrier
Notes from 3Q08 earnings call on October 29: subsidies); breadth and depth of LBS capabilities
• Business environment: “the reason we had to drop are “superior to any other device on the market;”
our numbers from our earlier guidance was October; expects to be competitive versus Apple and RIM in
we definitely saw a slowdown;” in PND market, features and pricing; gross margin should be 30-
Europe has slowed “more dramatically” than U.S.; 35%; one million units shipped in first twelve
PND remains “hot category— it will still be one of months after release would be “acceptable”
the pushes for the holiday season when you look at • PND market size and growth: U.S. and Europe are
shelf space and number of SKUs;” “very strong 20 million units each, with 60% growth in North
promotional emphasis for PNDs for the holidays” America and 20% in Europe; while growth is down,
• Q3 review: 19% revenue growth on 43% shipment “the PND market is still growing at a healthy pace
growth and 17% ASP decline; “solid” growth in in comparison to other categories;” at Q3-end,
automotive and outdoor fitness; gross margin North American penetration is in mid teens while
eroded 260 bps y-y, but “exceeded our earlier Europe is above 20%; mix of new to replacement
expectations as ASP declines moderated and price sales is 80%/20% (replacement sales expected to
reductions were largely offset by lower product increase as market matures); average life of PND
cost;” gross margin eroded 150 bps sequentially but device is 3-5 years (likely to come down with price)
would have been “nearly flat” excluding currency; • Garmin PND market share: grew to 54% in North
EPS down 2% assuming constant currency rates America and >20% in Europe in Q3
• Q3 review—automotive and mobile: 21% revenue • Share repurchases: bought back 14.7 million
growth, driven by “strong” unit growth and shares for $624 million YTD; authorized additional
“moderating” price declines; Garmin has top three $300 million on October 29
PNDs and seven of top ten PNDs in the U.S. • Miscellaneous: employs 1,700+ engineers globally
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Page 119 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Stock price implies 28% trailing FCF yield, 24x
iBasis is a wholesale carrier of international long distance trailing P/E and 31x forward P/E.
(24 billion minutes last year) and a provider of retail prepaid
calling and enhanced services for mobile operators. INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
Customers include KPN, Verizon, Vodafone, China Mobile, • Challenging conditions in wholesale (due to
Skype, Telecom Italia, and Telefonica. In October 2007, calling card market decline) and retail. The
iBasis “acquired” KPN Global Carrier Services to create the company has guided for capex of $15-16 million in
#3 carrier of international voice traffic, and KPN became a 2008 and “modest” revenue growth in 2009.
51% owner of iBasis. In April 2008, iBasis acquired TDC’s • Pro forma revenue down 8% in Q3. iBasis grew
international voice business. iBasis was founded in 1996. revenue, adjusted for the KPN deal, in the low
single digits in 1H08 but saw it fall 8% in Q3. Pro
SELECTED OPERATING DATA forma minutes were down 6% in Q3.
YTD
FYE December 31 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
• KPN integration and control risks. iBasis plans to
% of revenue by segment: spend $12 million in 2008 and $5 million in 2009 to
Wholesale trading
1
81% 82% 97% 93% achieve $20 million of annualized synergies. The
Retail 19% 18% 3% 7% net impact will be FCF-negative in 2008 and FCF-
Revenue growth by segment: positive in 2009, with the first full year of benefits
Wholesale trading 39% 33% 119% n/a
Retail 90% 30% -73% n/a in 2010. In addition to integration risks, investors
Total revenue growth 46% 33% 84% 74% need to weigh KPN’s majority ownership of iBasis.
Gross margin by segment: Obviously, KPN’s interests are not perfectly aligned
Wholesale trading 12% 12% 10% 10% with those of minority shareholders.
Retail 17% 15% 14% 13%
Total gross margin 13% 12% 10% 10% • Low-margin, “commodity” business. International
1
Includes outsourcing revenue. wholesale voice is a behind-the-scenes business in
which cost is a key driver. iBasis may enjoy some
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS scale advantages, but it also suffers from a lack of
• Cost leader. iBasis is the wholesale long distance true differentiation (low-teens gross margin).
market share leader in multiple countries and • ROIC may not be sustained. iBasis operates in a
operates one of the largest VoIP networks. Scale niche in which returns are likely to erode over time.
allows iBasis to offer cost-attractive routes.
• Transformative KPN deal in October 2007. COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
iBasis’ combination with KPN Global Carrier 08 09
($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB
P/E P/E
Services has increased minutes by 70%, revenue by LVLT 1,402 7,578 1.7x n/m n/m n/m
100%+, and EPS by ~200%. iBasis has gained a S 6,571 25,095 .7x n/m 29x n/m
strong footprint in Europe and expects to achieve T 162,942 238,122 1.9x n/m 10x 9x
$20 million of annual cost synergies by Q2 2009. VZ 85,215 128,316 1.3x n/m 12x 11x
• KPN has raised iBasis’ stature, affording it new
IBAS 153 122 .1x n/m 43x 31x
opportunities, such as marketing services to mobile
operators in Asia and Latin America.
• $10 million acquisition of TDC Wholesale (April
MAJOR HOLDERS
2008) adds $80 million in incremental revenue. CEO Gneezy 2% │ Other insiders 2% │ KPN 53%
TDC outsources non-Nordic voice traffic to iBasis.
iBasis believes that other international wholesale RATINGS
carriers may also decide to outsource traffic to the VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
1
company due to low margins and capital needs. MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
• Still mostly unknown on Wall Street. iBasis
MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
moved to the OTC following the Internet bubble
EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
and returned to the Nasdaq in mid-2006.
MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
• Repurchase $15 million of stock YTD.
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
• CEO Ofer Gneezy (56) co-founded iBasis in 1996. 1
Two starts due to KPN control and low insider ownership.
Previously, he served as CEO of a predecessor to
Acuity Imaging, an industrial automation company.
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Iconix Brand Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: ICON) New York, NY, 212-730-0030
Consumer Cyclical: Apparel/Accessories, Member of S&P SmallCap 600 http://www.iconixbrand.com
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Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc (NYSE: JTX) Parsippany, NJ, 973-630-1040
Services: Personal Services http://www.jacksonhewitt.com
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Page 127 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Bought 3.5 million shares for $99 million in FY08
Jackson Hewitt is the second-largest paid tax return preparer and 4.4 million shares for $142 million in FY07.
in the U.S., behind H&R Block. The company has a branded • Stock price implies 11% trailing FCF yield, 11x
network of 5,763 franchised and 1,000 company-owned trailing P/E and 7x forward P/E.
offices. The network provides income tax return preparation,
electronic filing services, and refund anticipation loans. INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
Filers earning less than $30,000 accounted for 67% of unit • Weak FY08 tax season, with returns prepared by
volume in FY08 (compared to 50% nationwide). Jackson Jackson Hewitt down 7%, driven by the lack of an
Hewitt was spun off from Cendant in an IPO in 2004. early-season product, brand damage from DOJ
lawsuitss, and greater compliance requirements.
SELECTED OPERATING DATA1 • Brand damage from settled DOJ lawsuits against
FYE April 30 2006 2007 2008
a franchisee for fraudulent tax return preparation.
% of revenue by segment: • Terminated CEO Lister on heels of IRS and DOJ
Franchise operations 74% 73% 69% settlements in 2007, promoting Michael Yerington
Company-owned offices 26% 27% 31% from COO to CEO and Mark Heimbouch from CFO
Revenue growth by segment: to COO. Daniel O’Brien joined as CFO in January
Franchise operations 20% 4% -10%
Company-owned offices 14% 12% 8% 2008, while Heimbouch resigned in October.
Total revenue growth 18% 6% -5% • Refund anticipation loans (RALs) are short-term
EBIT margin by segment: loans with a high implied interest rate. In January
Franchise operations 62% 61% 53%
Company-owned offices 17% 19% 6%
2008, the IRS issued an advance notice of proposed
Corporate and other -12% -10% -15% rulemaking (ANPRM) regarding the use of tax
Total EBIT margin 38% 39% 24% return information for the marketing of RALs.
% of franchise revenue by type: • Franchise renewals coming up in 2009-10. 93% of
Royalty 37% 39% 40%
Marketing 17% 17% 18%
franchisees opted to renew their ten-year deals in
RALs
2
37% 38% 37% the last renewal cycle in 1999-2000. One-third of
Other 9% 6% 5% franchise deals will be up for renewal in the next
Frachised offices (period end) 5,379 5,778 5,763 two years (no renewals prior to April 15, 2009).
Company offices (period end) 643 723 1,000
Total tax returns prepared (mn) 3.66 3.65 3.39
• Competition from H&R Block, Liberty Tax and
Avg revenue per tax return ($) $178 $192 $192 alternatives, including Intuit’s TurboTax software
1
Q1 FY09 data not shown, as it is not meaningful due to seasonality. and the Free File Alliance, an IRS consortium.
2
Includes revenue from refund anticipation loans and other financial products. • Highly seasonal business presents hiring and space
utilization challenges. There were 7,700 seasonal
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS hires in company-owned offices in FY08, compared
• Prepared 3.4 million tax returns in FY08, or 4% to a year-round base of 430 employees.
of returns prepared by a paid preparer. The paid
preparer market is fragmented and stagnantes due to COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
competition from software alternatives. Jackson ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
Hewitt may grow by taking share from CPAs. HRB 5,801 6,588 1.5x n/m 11x 9x
• Franchisees pay marketing fees of 6% of revenue JTX 339 620 2.2x n/m 8x 7x
and royalties of 15% of revenue (12% for
territories sold before mid-year 2000). Franchisees
MAJOR HOLDERS
also pay a $2 fee to Jackson Hewitt for each tax
CEO Yerington <1% │ Other insiders 2% │ Invesco 15% │
return filed electronically. 20% of franchisees
Shamrock 9% │ Cap Re 8% │ Cardinal 6% │ Ziff 5%
earned revenue of more than $1 million in FY08.
• 35% of 5,100 total territories remain available RATINGS
for sale (~60,000 people per territory). 78% of new
VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
territories were sold to existing franchisees in FY08.
MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
• Existing territories under-penetrated. In FY08, FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
31% of territories reached a target of 3+ offices per MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
territory. The company had 2.1 offices per territory. EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
• 28% of offices have been in existence for three MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
years or less. As offices mature to 7+ years, their EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
number of tax returns prepared more than doubles.
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KHD Humboldt Wedag (NYSE: KHD) Hong Kong SAR, China, 60-4-683-8286
Capital Goods: Construction & Agricultural Machinery http://www.khdhumboldt.com
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BUSINESS OVERVIEW • CEO and CFO with company since ‘04 and ‘05,
King is a vertically integrated branded pharma company. It respectively. Prior to joining King, CEO Brian
develops novel prescription pharma products and Markison (48) spent 22 years at Bristol-Myers
technologies that complement its focus in specialty-driven Squibb (most recently as president of the oncology
markets, particularly neuroscience, hospital and acute care. business). CFO Joseph Squicciarino (51) was
The company’s leading brands include Avinza CII, a once- previously North America CFO at Revlon.
daily morphine treatment for chronic pain; Skelaxin, for • Cash of $1.3 billion, student loans of $344 million
relief from discomfort associated with acute musculoskeletal (at fair value), and debt of $400 million.
conditions; Thrombin-JMI, which aids in controlling • Launched $1.4 billion Alpharma (ALO) tender
bleeding during surgery; Altace, an ACE inhibitor; Sonata in September ($37 per share, >50% premium) and
CIV, one of three approved non-benzodiazepine treatments signed confidentiality agreement in October.
for insomnia; and Levoxyl, for the treatment of thyroid Alpharma’s Board has called the offer inadequate.
disorders. The Meridian Auto-Injector segment consists of • Stock price implies 9x trailing P/E and 12x
EpiPen—a prefilled, pen-like device that allows a patient or forward P/E.
caregiver to automatically inject a precise drug dosage—and
nerve gas antidotes King provides to the U.S. Military. INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
• Revenue down 24% and adjusted EBIT down
SELECTED OPERATING DATA 32% YTD, primarily due to earlier-than-
YTD expected generic competition for Altace.
FYE December 31 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
Following the Circuit Court’s decision in September
Revenue by segment:
Branded pharma 87% 87% 87% 81% 2007 invalidating King’s Altace patent, generic
Meridian Auto-Injector 7% 8% 9% 14% competition entered the market in December 2007.
Royalty revenue 4% 4% 4% 5% In response, King eliminated 20% of its workforce.
Contract and other 1% 1% 1% 0%
• New branded competition. King’s bovine
Branded pharma revenue by therapeutic area:
Neuroscience 28% 29% 34% 44% thrombin product, Thrombin-JMI, faces new
Hospital 16% 16% 16% 20% competition in 2008 from Omrix and Zymogenetics.
Acute care 5% 4% 4% 0% • Sales concentration. 75% of gross sales were
Cardiovascular 49% 48% 44% 21%
Other 3% 3% 3% 15%
attributable to McKesson (35%), Cardinal/ Bindley
Branded pharma revenue by drug: (27%), and AmerisourceBergen (13%) in 2007.
Skelaxin 22% 24% 24% 34%
Avinza 0% 0% 6% 10% COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
Thrombin-JMI 14% 14% 14% 20% ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
Levoxyl 9% 6% 5% 5%
Altace 36% 38% 35% 16% BAX 37,210 38,439 3.1x 7.5x 18x 16x
Other branded pharma 18% 17% 16% 15% ELN 3,186 4,452 4.7x n/m n/m n/m
HSP 4,791 6,665 1.8x 19.7x 12x 11x
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS PFE 109,775 99,330 2.0x 4.1x 7x 7x
• Recent positives include Q3 prescription growth of WYE 45,457 42,795 1.8x 3.0x 10x 9x
8% for Avinza (10% of YTD branded pharma KG 2,376 1,472 .8x 1.2x 8x 12x
revenue, up from 5% a year ago). Thrombin-JMI
has also performed well YTD, growing to 20% of MAJOR HOLDERS
branded pharma revenue, up from 14%. Merdian CEO Markison <1% │ Other insiders 1% │ Lord Abbett 9%
Auto-Injector revenue has increased 17% YTD. │ Barclays 7% │ Vanguard 5%
• May submit three New Drug Applications by the
end of this year. King partner Pain Therapeutics RATINGS
submitted an NDA for Remoxy (long-acting oral VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
1
oxycodone) to the FDA in June. An FDA advisory MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
committee reviewed the NDA on November 13. FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
King and partner Acura Pharma plan to submit an MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
NDA for Acurox (oxycodone HCl/niacin) this year EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
(positive top-line data from the pivotal Phase III MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
clinical trial reported in June). King also expects to EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
file an NDA for Corvue soon. 1
The company has put in place numerous takeover provisions.
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Page 151 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
infrastructure and energy development. EBIT MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
margin has been in the mid teens. EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
• Stock price implies 22% trailing FCF yield, 3x MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
trailing P/E and 2x forward P/E. EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
1
Source: Company, Global Insights. 1
Pro forma for Enodis acquisition.
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YTD
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
WHY THE SHARES MAY BE MISPRICED Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
• Investors may overestimate cyclicality. While
MEMC remains a cyclical business, investors may WFR – Gross and EBIT Margin, 1996-YTD’08
not be giving the company enough credit for its MEMC’s profit margins have risen in recent years to levels that are
strong market position in solar applications. The unlikely to be sustained through the downcycle in the semiconductor
capital equipment industry. However, the company may be in a
solar market appears likely to continue strong position to maintain respectable margins due to continued strength in
secular growth, mitigating the negative impact of solar applications.
the traditional semiconductor downcycle.
60%
• Departure of momentum investors over the past
40%
year, as the notion that MEMC can continue strong
growth unaffected by traditional semiconductor 20%
cyclicality has been exposed as a myth. The shares 0%
have until recently remained too expensive for value -20%
investors. The latter may also be uncomfortable -40%
owning a company with a moat that depends to a -60%
large degree on continued technology leadership.
YTD
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
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MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS • Pricing: spot poly prices “stayed pretty healthy” in
Notes from 3Q08 earnings call with CEO Gareeb and CFO Q3; no clear indications on Q4 pricing yet (spot
Hannah on October 23: poly sales occur in last month of the quarter);
• Operating environment: solar application demand majority of contracts will come up for price
continues to be “healthy;” semiconductor renegotiation in December (pricing likely to depend
application demand is “weak, mostly due to on customer consumption expectations for February
customer inventory reduction efforts in light of and March
uncertain macro economic conditions” (result: • Potential customer issue (Gintech) [raised in
“significant sequential reduction in semiconductor Q&A]: $3-4 billion deal with Gintech, which may
wafer demand”); “while it takes quite a bit more have difficulty funding capacity expansion, but has
polysilicon to make up the equivalent revenue by so far paid MEMC “on time;” this is a potential
producing wafers for solar applications, our revenue risk rather than receivables risk, as Gintech
increased polysilicon production capability has deposited cash with MEMC; if customers such
demonstrated in [Q3] and our market positioning as Gintech are unable to pay the company, MEMC
should allow us to show continued sequential would keep deposits (triple digit millions in the case
growth in [Q4] while improving our margin profile” of largest customers—included in liability section of
• 1H08: polysilicon production was negatively balance sheet, plus off-balance-sheet letters of
impacted due to technical issues related to Pasadena credit), look to sell poly in spot market and enter
expansion in Q1 and equipment failures in Q2 into new long-term deals (current prices are “way
• Q3: Revenue of $546 million came in above post- higher” than prices specified in certain long-term
hurricane guidance of $530 million ± $10 million, arrangements)
due to “rapid ramp following the hurricane;” quarter • Competitive position: industry-leading asset
included four weeks of impacted production; turnover; “continued growth in spite of the sharp
Pasadena factory did incur “any significant physical inventory corrections in the semiconductor
or structural damage;” delivered “significant” application market in [1H08] highlights the benefits
quantity of short-term wafers (spot production) of MEMC’s unique positioning as a vertically
• Q4 outlook: operations have returned to pre- integrated wafer supplier to multiple markets,
hurricane levels; expect revenue of $540-600 especially as we achieved a significant milestone of
million (sequential growth of up to 10%), gross having revenue generated by solar applications
margin “over 50% in spite of reduced utilization of exceeding $1 billion in 2008, in spite of our spot
our manufacturing facilities and price reductions,” polysilicon sales declining as a percentage of sales;”
and opex of $41 million; semiconductor wafer [analyst question:] competitors such as GCL have
demand expected to decline 20-30% sequentially, difficulty raising capital—is potential effect of this
with pricing down mid to high single digits; revenue factored into guidance? [answer:] no
growth expectation noteworthy because the • Share repurchases: bought back 2.5 million shares
company needs to sell twice as much poly for solar in Q3; more than $500 million remains on $1 billion
application as it does for semiconductor application total repurchase authorization
in order to generate equivalent revenue (revenue • Potential acquisitions: some competitors getting
guidance would have been $590-650 million weaker; “keeping our eyes wide open;” “want to
assuming constant mix between semiconductor and stay in our core competency of making wafers”
solar); revenue guidance includes 2-3 weeks of • Wafer gross margin profile (from highest to
production “buffer” lowest gross margin): (1) short-term spot poly, (2)
• 2008: Revenue related to solar application expected short-term 156 millimeter wafer, (3) longer term
to exceed $1 billion for the first time; capex 156 millimeter wafers and 300 millimeter wafers,
expected to be 15% of less of revenue (4) 200 millimeter and smaller diameter wafers
• Production capacity: key driver of revenue; first • Miscellaneous: pension obligation was fully funded
step is adding capacity in manufacturing facilities, as of September 30
second step is utilizing such capacity (typically
ramped up over 3-6 month period); currently
installed capacity should allow company to achieve
quarterly revenue of $800-900 million based on
traditional semiconductor/solar mix, or revenue of
$720-810 million based on expected Q4 mix; these
run rates might be achievable by 2Q09 (important:
company is not giving 2009 guidance at this time)
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…additional insight into MSFT: POTENTIAL EPS ACCRETION FROM SHARE REPURCHASES
• We estimate EPS accretion of $0.11-$0.13 over
WHAT ARE THE SHARES WORTH? the next twelve months (NTM), assuming $40
• We value Microsoft at $41-54 per share, based on billion spent on incremental share repurchases and
the sum-of-the-parts valuation analysis summarized an average price paid of $26-30 per share.
below. Upside to our value estimate could come • Microsoft treasurer George Zinn: “…strong
from share repurchases and better-than-expected credit quality coupled with investors’ current
performance of the Xbox and MSN.com businesses. appetite for high quality paper provides a unique
• Deserves premium valuation due to defensible opportunity for the company to establish its first-
moat and stability of earnings and free cash flow. ever commercial paper program and enhance its
capital structure.” (September 22, 2008)
Microsoft — Sum-of-the-Parts Valuation Summary1 • The following analysis shows EPS accretion
($ in millions, except per share data) Low High sensitivity to various assumptions of repurchase
2
Value Value amount and purchase price per share.
Value of excess marketable assets:
Cash and equivalents $9,004 $9,004
Short-term investments 11,718 11,718
NTM Shares Repurchased
Long-term investments 4,381 4,381 ($ and shares in millions, except per share data)
Short-term debt 1,975 1,975 NTM Repurchase Amount
Price paid
Net cash and investments $27,078 $27,078 per share
3 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000
Cash needed to run business (2,000) (1,000)
Total $25,078 $26,078 $20.00 1,000 2,000 3,000
$22.00 909 1,818 2,727
Value of Client:
$24.00 833 1,667 2,500
LTM EBIT 12,856 12,856
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT
4
9x 12x $26.00 769 1,538 2,308
Total $115,704 $154,272 $28.00 714 1,429 2,143
Value of Business Division: $30.00 667 1,333 2,000
LTM EBIT 12,904 12,904 $32.00 625 1,250 1,875
5
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT 8x 10x $34.00 588 1,176 1,765
Total $103,232 $129,040
Value of Server and Tools:
LTM EBIT 22,642 22,642 NTM Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding1,2
6
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT 8x 10x ($ in millions, except per share data)
Total $181,136 $226,420
Price paid NTM Repurchase Amount
Value of Entertainment and Devices:
per share $20,000 $40,000 $60,000
LTM revenue 8,025 8,025
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT
7
1x 3x $20.00 8,880 8,380 7,880
Total $8,025 $24,075 $22.00 8,925 8,471 8,016
Value of Online Services Business: $24.00 8,963 8,547 8,130
LTM revenue 3,313 3,313 $26.00 8,995 8,611 8,226
8
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT 2x 5x $28.00 9,023 8,666 8,309
Total $6,626 $16,565 $30.00 9,047 8,713 8,380
Value Offset of Corporate Overhead: $32.00 9,068 8,755 8,443
LTM operating loss (6,847) (6,847) $34.00 9,086 8,792 8,498
Fair value multiple of LTM loss 8x 10x 1
Based on 9.4 billion diluted shares outstanding currently.
Total ($54,776) ($68,470) 2
Assumes weighted average repurchase date six months from today.
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REVENUE, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFIT MARGINS MSFT – EBIT Margin, FY 2000-Q1 2009
After fluctuating significantly during and after the Internet bubble,
MSFT – Revenue and EBIT, FY 2000-2008 Microsoft’s operating margins have stabilized in the 35-40% range in
Microsoft has posted steady revenue growth even as operating recent years. Competitive and economic pressures are exerting
income has experienced some volatility, particularly in the years downward pressure on margins, while margin expansion in the Xbox
following the bursting of the Internet bubble. and MSN businesses could lead to overall margin expansion.
$75bn 50%
Revenue
EBIT
$50bn 40%
$25bn
30%
$0bn
20%
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
1Q09
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
MSFT – Y-Y Revenue Growth, FY 2001-2009E
The company has posted steady though unspectacular growth this MSFT – Revenue by Geography, FY 2002-2008
decade, helped by emerging businesses such as Xbox and MSN. International revenue has grown steadily, both in absolute terms and
Management is guiding for 7-10% revenue growth in FY09. as a percentage of overall revenue. International revenue grew from
$8 billion in FY02 to $24 billion in FY08, a 20% CAGR.
20%
100%
15% 29%
80% 31% 32% 36% 37% 39% 41%
10%
60%
5% 40%
0% 20% U.S. Other Countries
FY09E
1Q09
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
0%
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
MSFT – Y-Y EPS Growth, FY 2001-2009E
EPS growth has been volatile this decade, driven by major new
product releases and investments in emerging businesses. While
EPS declined 6% y-y in 1Q09, management is guiding for full-year
fiscal 2009 EPS growth of 7-12%. The company has quite a bit of
latitude in influencing FY09 EPS due to the large size and accretive
nature of the share repurchase plan announced in September.
60%
45%
30%
15%
0%
-15%
-30%
FY09E
1Q09
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
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1Q09
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
undesirable consumer demographic in South Africa
and other countries. However, Net 1’s main clients
are South African governmental entities, and the Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
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UPDATE ON SOUTH AFRICAN CONTRACTS FOR • South Africa welfare payment business:
DISTRIBUTION OF WELFARE GRANTS (two-thirds of revenue) “anticipate beneficiary growth of approximately 6%
• Contracted with five provincial governments per annum” (growth is “fairly lumpy”)
covering total of four million beneficiaries. In • BGS: “core business consists of developing and
1998, Net 1 acquired four of the contracts, which integrating smart card-based offline and online
were originally awarded from 1992-97. Net 1 was financial transaction systems;” “customers in
awarded an additional contract in 2002. It Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, India and Oman;”
implemented smart cards from 2000-04 and rolled “emphasis on significantly expanding the
out merchant acquiring capability in 2004-05. application of our technology in the Russian
• 45% share of distribution of welfare grants in Federation and the CIS Republics”
South Africa. Main competitors are the South • Wage payment system in partnership with
African Post Office and the formal banking sector. Grindrod Bank: “target markets for the wage
• South African tender concluded without new payment system are the un-banked and under-
awards in November 2008. The South African banked wage earners in South Africa, estimated at
Social Security Agency (SASSA) recently five million people;” in 1Q09, signed deal with
conducted a competitive tender that could have largest security and guarding services provider in
displaced Net 1 from one or more of its five South Africa, with 20,000 employees (expects to
contracts. However, Net 1 announced on November complete enrollment of all employees 3Q09-end)
3 that SASSA had decided to make no awards, to • Ghana: continued delivery of POS devices and
terminate the procurement process, and to defer a smart cards under Bank of Ghana deal in 1Q09
decision about commencing a fresh tender process. • Iraq: first transaction in August; project is pilot
• All five contracts expire in March 2009. Net 1 with 100K beneficiaries (40K issued payment cards
stated the following in a press release on November so far); to earn “ongoing transaction and license
6: “We believe that SASSA’s statement to defer a fees, as well as payments for the provision of
decision about commencing a fresh tender process outsourcing services and the sale of hardware”
will necessitate a further extension of our current • VTU technology and business model: VTU
contracts. The terms and conditions of our current (virtual top up) technology “enables prepaid cell
service level agreements will probably remain users to purchase additional airtime simply, securely
unchanged during any extension period.” and conveniently through the distribution of airtime
value from a vendor’s cellular handset to that of the
MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS customer;” “derive revenue from the sale of VTU
Notes from 1Q09 earnings release dated November 6: licenses to mobile operators and we have recently
• Operating environment: Net 1 performing well established VTU businesses in Colombia and
despite “disruptions in the financial markets and Vietnam, where we are minority shareholders”
concerns about a weakening global economy;” “do • Sales process: sales cycles are “unpredictable and
not share the prevailing negative global sentiment often stretch over a period of years. It is therefore
towards emerging markets as our technology is particularly difficult to provide clear short term
focused on these territories and remains in demand, visibility on our international prospects and the
especially when the weaknesses of traditional specific product, application or business model that
banking systems have become patently clear” will ultimately be implemented in a specific
• 1Q09 review: “very pleased” with results country…;” sales and marketing teams focus on
• FY09 guidance: maintain 15% fundamental EPS specific regions of Africa, the Middle East and
growth outlook on constant currency basis; GAAP Central and Eastern Europe; “plan to introduce
EPS growth to “exceed 25% on a constant currency dedicated teams for South America and Asia…”
basis as a result of the change in tax rates and the • New patents: “application… will allow any mobile
foreign exchange gains on a short-term investment” phone user to effect payments that are generally
• Strategy: “…focused on the globalization of our referred to as “card not present” payments
technology by following a disciplined approach to completely securely, through the utilization of a
new markets, through careful evaluation of new once off, disposable, virtual credit or debit card”
opportunities. Where we believe it makes sense, we • Proposed abolishment of secondary taxation on
will use partnerships or make acquisitions to companies in South Africa: secondary taxation
accelerate our entry into new markets. may be phased out in 2010; “expect the proposed
• South Africa tender cancellation: “SASSA may replacement of STC with a dividend tax to reduce
decide to extend our current contracts on a short our current fully distributed rate of 34.55% to 28%.
term renewal basis. We have the capacity to operate Under US GAAP, we apply the fully distributed tax
this business without compromising our high rate of 34.55% to our deferred taxation assets and
service levels regardless of the period, or frequency, liabilities; not yet determined if Net 1 would qualify
of any extension periods granted.” for treaty relief available to foreign shareholders
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50%
0%
-50%
1Q04 1Q05 1Q06 1Q07 1Q08 1Q09
EBIT Margin Gross Margin
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
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The Only
Cola, it was selling at about 23 times
earnings. Using our purchase price and
today’s earnings, that makes it about 5
times earnings. It’s really the interaction of
Investment
capital employed, the return on that capital,
and future capital generated versus the
purchase price today.”
–Warren Buffett
to Succeed
“The search for truth is more precious than
its possession.”
–Albert Einstein
—or Your “It’s what you learn after you know it all
that counts.”
–Harry Truman
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Robert Half International Inc. (NYSE: RHI) Menlo Park, CA, 650-234-6000
Services: Business Services, Member of S&P 500 http://www.rhi.com
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INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
MAJOR HOLDERS
• Staffing remains stable, helped by continued
CEO Messmer, Jr. 3% │ Other insiders 7% │ Barclays 13%
growth in international operations. International,
│ Fidelity 10% │ Cap Re 6%
which accounts for 30% of staffing revenue, grew
15% in Q3. Staffing revenue remains at near-record
RATINGS
levels, with permanent placement fairly stable and
VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
technology staffing still growing modestly.
MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
• Sarbanes-Oxley has boosted demand for skilled FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
professionals in accounting and finance. Since MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
these industry segments are a large part of RHI’s EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
business, the company benefits from the trend MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
toward better corporate governance and internal EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
control over financial reporting.
• Impressive long-term shareholder value creation.
$1 invested in RHI stock on June 30, 1986, was
worth $51 at yearend 2007, a 20% CAGR.
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Page 211 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
1
Other 8% 10% 2% n/a Flash memory products also compete with Seagate.
Sales programs are recorded as contra revenue. 2 Denotes unit shipments.
3
FY08 unit growth driven by server virtualization; STX gained share; unit
• Raw materials price inflation. Seagate’s new
growth and improved product mix were partially offset by price erosion. perpendicular recording technology utilizes
4
FY08 growth driven by notebook sales; STX lost share (industry grew 45%); ruthenium, a precious metal the price of which has
Unit gains, favorable mix were offset by “particularly pronounced” price erosion.
5
FY08 growth driven by proliferation of digital content; STX maintained share; increased significantly in the past couple of years.
unit growth and favorable product mix were offset by price erosion.
6
FY08 decline due to 36% drop in gaming units, partially offset by 33% gain in
DVR shipments. Some new gaming platforms do not utilize a disc drive. COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
7
HP and Dell accounted for 16% and 11% of FY08 revenue, respectively. ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB 08 P/E 09 P/E
8
1Q09 revenue by geography: North America: 27%, Europe: 29%, Asia 44%.
EMC 20,367 17,950 1.2x 3.9x 13x 12x
QTM 36 413 .4x n/m 2x 1x
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS TDK 4,304 3,727 .4x 0.7x 17x 13x
• Growing demand for data storage, driven by WDC 2,980 2,272 .3x 1.1x 4x 4x
applications such as digital photos, video and music. STX 2,378 3,255 .3x 1.1x 5x 3x
• Growing demand for disc drives, driven by a
proliferation of enterprise data, mobile computing,
MAJOR HOLDERS
and consumer electronics. Desktop demand has
CEO Watkins 1% │ Other insiders 3% │ Franklin 12% │
moderated due to a shift toward mobile computing.
Capital International 7%
• Scale leader status gives Seagate a manufacturing
and R&D advantage in the disc drive business. It
RATINGS
has ~5,000 patents issued and ~2,000 pending.
VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
• Disc drive industry consolidation, driven by high MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
capex requirements and scale advantages: Maxtor/ FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
Quantum, 2001; IBM/ Hitachi their disc drive MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
businesses, 2002; Seagate/ Maxtor, 2006; TDK/ EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
Alps, 2007; Western Digital/ Komag, 2007. MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
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Page 215 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Founder and CEO Thinh Tran (54) has been
Sigma Designs is a fabless provider of highly integrated SoC with Sigma since 1982. CFO Thomas Gay (59)
solutions used to deliver multimedia entertainment in the joined the company in 2007 after spending ten years
home. The SoCs are a component of consumer applications as CFO of Catalyst Semiconductor. Head of sales
such as IPTV and HD-DVD. The SoCs are used in leading Silvio Perich (60) has served in this role since 1985.
IPTV set-top box makers, including Cisco/SFA, Motorola, • Liquid balance sheet, with $121 million of cash
Netgem, and UTStarcom. Set-top boxes utilizing the and short-term securities, $59 million of long-term
company’s SoCs are deployed by AT&T, BT, Deutsche marketable securities, and no debt as of August 2.
Telekom, Freebox, and other global carriers. The company’s • Repurchased 4.2 million shares for $86 million
products are also used by consumer electronics providers, ($20.50 per share) under current authorization.
such as D-Link, Netgear, Panasonic, Pioneer, Sharp, Sony, • Stock price implies 12% trailing FCF yield, 4x
and Toshiba in applications such as HD-DVD players. trailing P/E and 5x forward P/E.
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Page 222 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
50%
Estimated fair value of ELOS $393 $489
per share $14 $18 30%
1
Based on balance sheet values as of September 30, 2008.
2
Represents MOI estimate. 10%
Source: Company filings, The Manual of Ideas estimates and analysis.
-10%
WHY THE SHARES MAY BE MISPRICED
YTD
02
03
04
05
06
07
• Near-term business momentum has been
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
negative, giving investors little to get excited about.
While most investors may agree that Syneron is
ELOS – Gross and EBIT Margin, 2001-YTD’08
undervalued at a market value roughly equal to net
The value of Syneron’s proprietary technology is evident in the high
cash and investments, few investors consider a gross margins the company has posted since ramping up sales in
strong balance sheet sufficient reason to invest. 2001. While gross margin declined to 77% YTD and 75% in Q3, it
Syneron shares may remain undervalued until the remains at a level that allows the company to maintain bottom-line
company gives investors reason to like the business profitability despite a sharp slowdown in sales.
again. Catalyst could include adoption of the 100%
LipoLite Energy Access Program or positive news
80%
related to the partnership with P&G.
• Low-conviction selling? Some value funds may 60%
have followed highly respected Baupost Group into 40%
Syneron without developing a level of conviction
20%
that would help them stick with the company
through a period of weak fundamentals. 0%
•
YTD
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
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Page 225 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Strong balance sheet, with $339 million cash and
Take-Two provides interactive gaming software. The no debt as of July 31.
company develops software for leading consoles, including • Stock price implies 31% trailing FCF yield, 8x
Sony’s PlayStation, Microsoft’s Xbox, Nintendo’s Wii, and trailing P/E and 8x forward P/E.
for the PC. Flagship titles include Grand Theft Auto and Sid
Meier’s Civilization. The company distributes proprietary INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
and third-party products to retailers in North America. Wal- • Turnover, restructurings. The incumbent Board
Mart, GameStop and Best Buy accounted for 15%, 13% and was defeated in March 2007, resulting in removal of
12% of revenue, respectively, in FY07 (top five were 51%). the CEO and subsequent resignation of the CFO. In
2Q07, Take-Two hired ZelnickMedia to provide
SELECTED OPERATING DATA management services. The company has incurred
YTD various charges, with more expected in FQ4.
FYE October 31 2005 2006 2007 7/31/08
% of revenue by segment: • Electronic Arts (ERTS) dropped hostile tender in
Publishing 71% 73% 71% 81% September, with TTWO shares falling 24% to $17.
Distribution 29% 27% 29% 19% The companies had signed a confidentiality deal,
Gross margin by segment: but Take-Two had called EA’s $26 per share offer
Publishing 45% 25% 32% 44%
Distribution 9% 9% 9% 9% inadequate. Take-Two remains “actively engaged in
Total GM 35% 20% 25% 37% discussions with other parties in the context of our
Revenue growth by segment: formal process to consider strategic alternatives.”
Publishing 11% -12% -8% 109% • Cyclical, hit-driven business. The video game
Distribution -3% -19% 2% 5%
Revenue growth 7% -14% -5% 76% software industry, while growing in the long term,
% of publishing segment revenue by product platform: has exhibited strong cyclicality due to major
Xbox 360 0% 23% 30% 42% hardware transitions. Demand for prior-generation
PlayStation 3 0% 0% 10% 33% software declined in 2007 due to the adoption of
Wii 0% 0% 5% 8%
PlayStation / PS 2 59% 30% 26% 8% next-generation platforms such as Xbox 360. In
PSP 6% 18% 10% 4% addition, Take-Two is highly dependent on “hit”
PC 11% 17% 14% 3% titles, such as Grand Theft Auto IV or Civilization.
Xbox and other 23% 12% 6% 2% • Litigation. The Grand Theft Auto franchise has
% of distribution segment revenue by type:
Hardware 25% 40% 43% 42% come under fire from consumer groups and
Software 75% 60% 57% 58% government officials as too violent. At this time,
% of revenue by geography: litigation does not appear to pose a material threat.
North America 68% 69% 75% 59%
International 32% 31% 25% 41%
COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
08 09
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB
P/E P/E
• $9 billion video game software market growing ATVI 13,989 11,053 6.9x 5.4x 18x 15x
at 10-15%, with significant volatility in the annual ERTS 6,559 4,094 .9x 2.5x 17x 11x
growth rate caused by new console introductions. KNM 2,942 2,759 .9x 2.2x 10x 11x
For example, the company Xbox-related revenue SNE 21,193 20,396 .2x 0.7x 12x 9x
declined from $163 million in FY05 to $13 million TTWO 835 496 .3x 2.5x 5x 8x
in FY07, while Xbox 360-related revenue grew
from zero in FY05 to $206 million in FY07. More MAJOR HOLDERS
than half of all Americans claim to play games. CEO Feder <1% │ Other insiders 1% │ Oppenheimer 23%
• FY08 revenue growth driven by Grand Theft │ Fidelity 14% │ UniCredito 11% │ Legg Mason 10%
Auto IV. The game, released in April, set an
industry sales record, with six million units sold RATINGS
through in the first week at a retail value of $500+ VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
million (>10 million units have sold through YTD). MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
• Raised FY08 guidance, lowered FQ4 guidance, FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
after strong FQ3. Management expects FQ4 MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
revenue of $285-335 million and non-GAAP EPS of EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
$0.01-$0.05, implying FY08 revenue of $1.50-$1.55 MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
billion and non-GAAP EPS of $2.08-2.12. EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
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…additional insight into TPX: • Debt covenant worries. Investors may be overly
concerned about the potential for Tempur-Pedic to
WHAT ARE THE SHARES WORTH? bust debt-related covenants. The company took on
• We value Tempur-Pedic at $11-18 per share, debt to recapitalize the balance sheet, spending
based on the valuation analysis summarized below. more than $500 million on share repurchases from
• Our estimate is supported by an analysis of free 2005-07. Tempur-Pedic reduced debt by $38
cash flow. FCF per share should exceed EPS by up million in Q3 and is repatriating cash from overseas.
to $0.25 due to D&A significantly exceeding capex. The company must maintain a ratio of funded debt
FCF may be ~$1.15 per share in 2009, implying an to trailing EBITDA of not more than 3x. The ratio
FCF yield of 6-11% based on our valuation range. stood at 2.45x at the end of Q3. Trailing EBITDA
and funded debt are likely to decline going forward.
Tempur-Pedic — Valuation Summary With debt expected to be cut materially in the near
($ in millions, except per share data) Low High term, the company appears highly likely to stay
Value Value within the boundary of 3x debt to EBITDA.
1
Negative value of net debt:
Cash and equivalents $88 $88
Long-term debt (519) (519)
Total ($431) ($431)
REVENUE AND MARGIN ANALYSIS
TPX – Revenue, Gross Profit and EBIT, 2000-07
Value of core business:
LTM EBIT $176 Tempur-Pedic posted strong growth through 2007, benefiting from a
Fair value multiple of LTM EBIT 7x virtuous cycle of a differentiated product, high-return marketing
Estimated normalized EPS power $2.00 expenditures, increasing brand recognition, market share gains, high-
Fair value multiple of EPS power 12x margin revenue, low working capital and capex requirements, and
Total $1,234 $1,800 increasing cash flow available for sales and marketing.
$1,200mn
Estimated fair value of TPX $802 $1,369
per share $11 $18
$1,000mn
1
Based on balance sheet values as of September 27, 2008. $800mn
2
Represents MOI estimate.
Source: Company filings, The Manual of Ideas estimates and analysis. $600mn
$400mn
$200mn
WHY THE SHARES MAY BE MISPRICED $0mn
• Fundamental underappreciation of company’s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
superior operating model. Tempur-Pedic is the
Revenue Gross Profit EBIT
lowest-cost producer in the mattress industry, with
efficient production, low inventory requirements, Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
and low overall capital intensity. This, coupled with
strong brand recognition and preference by higher- TPX – Y-Y Revenue Growth, 2000-YTD’08
end consumers, should enable the company to The company posted annual growth rates of 30-60% in the first half
sustain superior returns on capital. of the decade, with growth slowing from 2005-07 due to greater scale
and market penetration. The YTD sales decline of 10% has primarily
• Large short interest; sellers may underestimate been caused by weak consumer spending. We do not believe the
company’s ability to remain profitable. Tempu- YTD result signals a departure from the company’s long-term growth
Pedic fits the typical target profile of many short trend and expect Tempur-Pedic to resume growth when the
macroeconomic outlook improves.
sellers: the company sells big-ticket consumer items
dependent on discretionary spending. With pricing 70%
squeezed both on the input and output sides, 60%
management lowering guidance, and net debt of 50%
$431 million, momentum appears to be favoring the 40%
short sellers’ thesis. 19 million of 75 million 30%
outstanding shares were sold short as of October 28 20%
(stock was until recently on NYSE list of Reg SHO 10%
threshold securities). The short sellers’ aggressive 0%
stance against Tempur-Pedic has not only depressed -10%
the shares, but also opened the door to a massive 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 YTD
short squeeze if/when their thesis is proven wrong.
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas.
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Page 229 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
TPX – Gross and EBIT margin, 2000-YTD’08 • Tempur-Pedic brand: “spent over $600 million
Tempur-Pedic has maintained operating margin well above 10% building the brand during the last six years;” “trend
throughout this decade. While EBIT margin is down this year from toward the Tempur material is a very long-running
2007, it remains above 10% despite the YTD decline in sales. We
trend;” “the fundamental, long-term demand is as
believe this attests to the company’s variable cost structure and
superior operating model. The company appears poised to maintain strong as it ever was”
profitability even if sales continue to decline in a weak economic • Long-term initiatives: (1) “Historically we were a
environment. We estimate long-term EBIT margin at roughly 20%. direct response company. Today we predominantly
60% sell through retail. …program currently underway to
50% streamline our distribution network.” (2) “broaden
and strengthen our [mattress] product line… meet
40%
the needs of premium consumers that we don’t
30% currently address.” (3) improve gross margin.
20% • Input price inflation: raw material costs were “up
10% substantially” y-y… “coping with cost increases in
0% the vicinity of the mid-20%;” chemical cost
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 YTD increases “hit us a little harder than we [thought]…
expecting that chemicals will continue to be high;”
EBIT Margin Gross Margin
“significant cost pressure in the last quarter around
Source: Company, The Manual of Ideas. diesel pricing… seeing some relief there so our
freight cost is coming down” in Q4 versus Q3
• Would you go below $1,500 for a queen set?
MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS “while I will never say never, at the moment we see
CEO Sarvary and CFO Williams provided the following no need for that;” “we are a premium product”
commentary on the 3Q08 earnings call on October 16: • Market share: based on Q2 ISPA data, the
• Q3 performance: “sales and earnings in line with company gained share (Q3 data not yet
our expectations” available)European business: “…we saw some
• Q4 outlook: “Given the extraordinary events of weakness in certain countries and we saw it
recent weeks, the company now believes fourth spreading as the year progressed. In the third quarter
quarter sales and earnings will fall below prior we saw it spread even further. So basically now the
expectations;” projecting Q4 sales decline of 30%; entire European continent is suffering to some
“Christmas has always been a little bit seasonally degree in terms of the economic weakness.”
slower for the mattress business… we’re not • Asian business: “continues to perform very well”
expecting any dramatic change, certainly not for the • Marketing budget: “our anticipation is to maintain
upside, this quarter” this 9% to 10% range, in a normal period, but we
• Operating environment: “most challenging may move it from period to period, especially in
economic environment in memory… no reason to environments like this”
assume this will improve in the short term”
• Inventory: “We have wrung out the inventory out
of the system at this stage.”
• Production volume: “we were running productions
significantly less than sales to bleed out the
inventory;” “overall production volume is not
dramatically different” in Q4 than in Q3
• Debt reduction: repatriating $140 million from
overseas; suspending dividend; “generated
substantial benefit from working capital” and
“reduced debt by $38 million” in Q3; $640 million
credit facility in place, with “quite attractive” terms;
intends to “de-leverage our domestic business while
modestly leveraging our international business,
thereby allowing for more rapid overall debt
reduction;” “developing a lot of breathing room
on… covenants”
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• Per-employee performance metrics are quite • A corollary of the previous point is that
impressive, as the following table shows. Per- Travelzoo is in a strong position to grow new-
employee results have declined primarily due to the country Top 20 lists from a low base. As the
startup of international operations. The company company launches new Top 20 lists, it has the
could boost per-employee performance substantially luxury of including deals without much regard for
if it opted to maintain rather than grow operations. capacity. As a result, the quality of the deals in
However, we believe investment in new country- startup countries may be higher than the quality of
specific Travelzoo websites will earn favorable risk- deals presented in the U.S. This quality advantage
adjusted returns for shareholders. may make it easier for Travelzoo to grow by word
of mouth in new countries, potentially helping to
YTD keep subscriber acquisition costs low. As a result,
($’000) 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
investors may overestimate the difficulty Travelzoo
Revenue per employee 853 915 660 338
N.A. EBIT per employee 269 412 242 96 will encounter in scaling up new markets.
EBIT per employee 250 391 173 14
MANAGEMENT’S VIEW OF BUSINESS
• Advertiser-supported model, while highly Notes from 3Q08 earnings call on October 27:
profitable, creates perceived and real conflicts of • Operating environment: economy “definitely a
interest. Travelzoo makes money not from the challenging one” for advertisers; search volume and
consumers who rely on its media properties, but traffic to travel websites have been decreasing since
from travel companies who pay for inclusion in the September (even on seasonally adjusted basis);
company’s Top 20 list and other properties. While however, Travelzoo hotel business is doing “really,
Travelzoo claims that Top 20 deals are selected really well… seeing increased business there”
exclusively based on merit, there is a perceived and • Response to weak environment: Plans to cut costs
real risk that editorial decisions may be influenced in North America and “reduce the speed of our
by advertising revenue prospects. Most consumers investments in Asia Pacific and Europe;” strategy of
appear to be unaware that Travelzoo relies heavily developing global brand remains “unchanged”
on payments for deals included in the Top 20. • Q3 review: “unsatisfactory results” in North
However, it is conceivable that existing competitors America, “impacted more negatively than expected
or new entrants could expose this fact over time, by a weak economy;” European revenue up 62%
perhaps lessening the consumer appeal of (September best month ever: hotels and cruises
Travelzoo’s media properties. strong; number of search queries down); Asia
• Top 20 list may be less scalable than it appears. revenue of ~$200K; net loss widened due to
The Travelzoo model appears almost infinitely European and Asian losses – not tax deductible,
scalable: once the Top 20 list is created, there is no resulting in high effective tax rate; used $3.4 million
marginal cost of emailing the list to incremental of cash in operations; 207 employees at Q3-end
subscribers (leaving aside the cost of subscriber (104 in North America, 52 in Europe, 51 in Asia),
acquisition). However, the model contains a limit to up from 191 sequentially and up from 128 y-y
scalability: Consumers must be able to book the • Q4 outlook: does not provide guidance;
deals presented on the Top 20 list; if too many acknowledged travel weakness but argued that
consumers subscribe, too few may be able to benefit Travelzoo provides even more value to advertisers
from the deals presented. This may force the when it is difficult to move investory
company to forgo deals with low capacity in favor • International growth strategy: dates back to 2005;
of large-scale but potentially less-favorable deals. management still believes exansion will increase
For example, as the Top 20 list has grown to more shareholder value in the long term; international
than 10 million subscribers in the U.S., the company presence improves competitive position due to
has been forced to limit small deals on the list. As ability to (1) sell ad inclusions across different
the deals get bigger in terms of capacity, however, geographies and (2) perform local due diligence on
they may become less appealing. This dynamic puts quality and availability of travel deals (currently has
a natural limit on the size of the Top 20 subscriber producers and sales staff in 11 countries)
base in each country. An interesting way in which • Competitive landscape: no news; has faced new
the company appears to be trying to address this is competitors in North America during past few
by customizing the Top 20 list for different types of years; none of them have Travelzoo’s reach
subscribers (e.g., by residence location or travel • Travelzoo’s strengths: “push media,” such as Top
preference). This customization happens largely 20 weekly email, create demand that is incremental
behind the scenes, with users not explicitly asked to to “pull” demand, i.e., potential travelers proactively
state their preferences. Of course, the (potential) searching for travel deals online; SuperSearch
existence of customized Top 20 lists means that an product leverages more than 2.8 million ratings
aggregate of more than 20 deals are selected each from Travelzoo users
week, which may in turn dilute the quality of deals.
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BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Large NOL. USA Mobility has tax assets, both on
USA Mobility was formed in 2004 by the merger of Arch and off the balance sheet, available to offset future
(formerly Nasdaq: AWIN) and Metrocall (formerly Nasdaq: income taxes. As a result, the shares are even
MTOH), the two leading independent domestic paging firms. cheaper than the EBIT-to-EV yield may suggest.
USA Mobility focuses on the business-to-business market • Stock price implies 34% trailing FCF yield and
and supplies wireless connectivity to Fortune 1000 firms. 9x forward P/E (trailing GAAP EPS loss reported).
The company operates nationwide networks for one-way
paging and two-way messaging services. INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
• Revenue erosion due to decline of paging. The
SELECTED OPERATING DATA low cost of devices such as email-ready mobile
YTD phones and PDAs continues to impact paging. The
FYE December 31 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
% of revenue by type: company has experienced revenue erosion in the
Paging services (one-way) 75% 74% 73% 73% mid teens, and declines are likely to continue. While
Paging services (two-way) 19% 19% 19% 18% ARPU has remained relatively steady, units in
Non-paging services 2% 2% 3% 3% service have declined to three million.
Products 4% 4% 5% 6%
Revenue growth by type: • Tenuous sustainability of EBITDA margin,
Paging services (one-way) 22% -20% -16% -15% which has risen to 33% YTD (up 200+ bps y-y),
Paging services (two-way) 32% -20% -17% -18% driven by large opex reductions. At some point, the
Non-paging services 318% -3% 8% -13% subscriber base may be insufficient to cover the
Products 33% -17% 3% -6%
∆ revenue 26% -20% -15% -15%
fixed cost of a nationwide paging network.
∆ blended ARPU -3% -3% -1% 0% • Implications of FCC’s Back-Up Power Order.
∆ one-way units
1
-22% -16% -15% -17% This Order, if and when effective, would “entail
1
∆ two-way units -15% -17% -14% -13% significant capital and operating costs” that would
% of paging units in service (period end) ('000): negatively affect FCF. USA Mobility is appealing
One-way 91% 91% 91% 91%
Two-way 9% 9% 9% 9% the Order and believes it is likely to prevail.
1
Represents y-y change in paging units at period end. • Potential for adverse change to Universal Service
Fund contribution requirement. The FCC is
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS considering imposing a $1+ fee per assigned phone
• Expense reductions ahead of revenue erosion. number instead of the current revenue-based
The company’s top line is eroding in the mid teens methodology. Such a change would significantly
due to a secular decline in the paging market. increase the company’s contribution costs.
However, operating expenses have been reduced by • Lack of reinvestment opportunities. The company
200-300 bps faster, resulting in margin expansion. is returning cash via dividends (structured as return
• Healthcare represents 40% of customer base and of capital) and a $50 million buyback program
has experienced lower net unit loss rates than other initiated in August. Distributions have amounted to
vertical segments. As the contribution of healthcare $1.50 per share in 2005, $3.65 per share in 2006,
grows, subscriber losses may slow somewhat from $3.60 per share in 2007, and $1.15 per share YTD.
current annualized rates in the mid teens.
• Stated objective to maximize cash flow and return MAJOR HOLDERS
(most of) it to holders. The company generated $64 Insiders <1% │ David Abrams 15% │ Pamet 13% │
million of trailing EBIT and $89 million of FCF. Contrarian 9% │ Barclays 6%
• Guiding for revenue of $355-$360 million and
cash opex of $245-$250 million, with maintenance RATINGS
capex of $18-$20 million in 2008. VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
• $104 million of cash and no debt as of September MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
30. The company pays a dividend. FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
• Repurchased $35 million of stock at below-market MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
price in private transaction in November. EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
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Page 243 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Chairman and CEO Robert Gerry III (70) has
Vaalco Energy is an independent oil and gas exploration and served in those roles for more than ten years. In
production company. Vaalco seeks to increase reserves and October, Russell Scheirman (52) trasitioned into the
production, primarily in West Africa (Gabon and Angola) role of COO, having served as CFO for more than
and, more recently, in the North Sea. fifteen years. He was replaced by long-time Shell
finance executive Greg Hullinger (55).
SELECTED OPERATING DATA • Stock price implies 26% trailing FCF yield, 7x
YTD trailing P/E and 8x forward P/E.
FYE December 31 2005 2006 2007 9/30/08
Revenue by segment ($mn):
Gabon 85 98 125 153 INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
Angola 0 0 0 0 • Operations almost entirely offshore Gabon. The
North Sea 0 0 0 0 Gabon fields constituted almost 100% of production
Total revenue 85 98 125 153
Growth 50% 16% 27% 74% in 2007, with nearly 100% of net proved reserves
EBIT by segment ($mn) attributable to those fields. Vaalco’s results would
Gabon 67 81 90 121 suffer materially if mechanical problems, storms or
Angola 0 -1 -5 -1 other events affected its Gabon properties. The
North Sea 0 0 -8 -6
Corporate -4 -6 -9 -7
company has operated in Gabon since 1995 and
Total EBIT 64 74 69 107 believes it has good relations with the government.
Total EBIT growth 58% 17% -7% 108% • Spending heavily to replace reserves. Vaalco had
EBIT margin by segment: capex of $15 million and dry hole costs of $8
Gabon 79% 82% 72% 79%
Total EBIT margin 75% 76% 55% 70%
million in 2007. The company has had capex of $16
Acreage leased (net) ('000) 501 1,015 1,069 n/a and dry hole costs of $6 million YTD.
Production (net) (BOPD) 4,488 4,258 4,819 n/a • Exploration risks. In March, shareholder Nanes
Sales price, BOE ($/unit) 52 63 71 107 Delorme asked the company in a letter put itself up
Production cost, BOE ($/unit) 6 8 9 10
Proved developed reserves:
for sale and to “[c]ease attempting to diversify away
Oil (MBbls) 6,620 4,691 4,506 n/a from the Company’s core geographical area in West
Gas (MMcf) 21 17 61 n/a Africa. The Company has been unwisely spending
Std meas., proved res. ($mn) 161 134 192 n/a cash on acquiring and drilling minor North Sea
interests that have been total exploration failures.”1
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
• All six producing wells located offshore Gabon COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
(four in the Etame field, two in Avouma/Tchibala). ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB
08 09
• Seven development and exploration wells expose P/E P/E
Vaalco to 50+ million net barrels, eight times HES 18,107 20,659 .5x 1.6x 6x 9x
HNR 219 101 9.0x 0.8x 18x 9x
more than Vaalco’s 6.2 million barrels of proved
PXD 2,621 5,350 2.2x 0.8x 5x 5x
reserves. These seven wells include a development
XOM 374,784 346,614 .7x 3.0x 8x 10x
well in Ebouri field (oil production expected in
December at initial rate of 4,000-6,000 bpd); three EGY 256 157 .8x 1.5x 5x 8x
exploratory wells in Etame block (reserve potential
of 15+ million net barrels); two exploratory wells MAJOR HOLDERS
onshore Gabon in the Mutamba concession (drilling CEO Gerry III 5% │ CFO Scheirman <1% │ Other insiders
in first well expected in December 2008; reserve 1% │ Barclays 5% │ RenTech 5% │ Columbia Wanger 3%
potential of 30+ million net barrels); and one
exploratory well in Angola (drilling expected in RATINGS
1H09; reserve potential of 60+ million net barrels). VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
• 25% stake in gas prospect in British North Sea. MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
Vaalco is participating with Century Exploration on FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
the well, which has reserve potential of 60 Bcf. MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
• Strong balance sheet, with net cash of $93 million. EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
• Repurchased $9 million of stock YTD and $2 MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
million in 2007. EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
1
See exhibit to Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on March 12, 2008.
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Page 245 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
BUSINESS OVERVIEW • Liquid balance sheet, with $15 million in cash and
Value Line dates back to 1931 and operates in two segments: $109 million in short-term investments on July 31.
Investment Periodicals, Publishing & Licensing produces $30 million of the liquid assets may be considered
investment-related periodicals (retail and institutional) and “float” from up-front subscription payments.
includes licensing fees for Value Line’s proprietary ranking • Stock price implies 6% trailing FCF yield and
system and trademarks. Investment Management advises the 13x trailing P/E (no EPS estimates available).
Value Line Funds and separate accounts.
The company owns a registered broker-dealer, Value Line INVESTMENT RISKS & CONCERNS
Securities, which distributes the Value Line Funds, a family • Publishing revenue in steady decline. Subscription
of no-load funds that charge rule 12b-1 marketing fees. revenue fell 4% in FY07 and 6% in FY08, with
print revenue down 7% in FY07 and 10% in FY08
SELECTED OPERATING DATA (electronic revenue grew 5% in each year).
FYE April 30 2006 2007 2008 1Q09 Circulation continues to decline, driven by
% of revenue by segment: competition from free and lower-cost Internet-based
Print 43% 41% 37% 35%
Electronic
1
13% 14% 15% 16%
research and no-cost brokerage firm research.
Total publishing 56% 55% 52% 51% • AUM may decline. AUM in Value Line Funds and
Licensing 6% 8% 9% 8% products managed by licensing customers may
Investment mgmt 38% 37% 40% 41% decline amid weak stock market performance.
Revenue growth by segment:
Print -6% -7% -10% -10% • Investment profits may decline. Value Line earns
Electronic
1
0% 5% 5% 7% income from securities transactions involving $17
Total publishing -5% -4% -6% -6% million in trading securities and $92 million in
Licensing 97% 37% 3% 2% securities available for sale as of July 31. Such
Investment mgmt 2% -4% 5% 0%
∆ revenue 1% -2% -1% -3%
income may decline in a weak market environment.
∆ deferred revenue
2
-6% -9% -6% -10% • Low float and control by chairman and CEO
EBIT margin by segment: Jean Buttner (73). Buttner owns all of the voting
Publishing & licensing 38% 38% 37% 39% stock of Arnold Bernhard & Co., which owns 8.6
Investment mgmt 47% 51% 49% 33%
Total EBIT margin 41% 43% 42% 37%
million, or 87% of Value Line’s shares outstanding.
AUM, Value Line Funds $3.8bn $3.8bn $3.8bn $3.7bn The company and Arnold Bernhard have also
AUM, licensing clients $6.3bn $6.4bn $6.3bn $5.5bn engaged in certain related-party transactions.
% of AUM, Value Line Funds by asset class (period end):
Equity funds 87% 87% 87% 87% COMPARABLE PUBLIC COMPANY ANALYSIS
Fixed income 8% 8% 7% 7%
08 09
Money market 4% 5% 6% 6% ($mn) MV EV EV/Rev P/TB
1 P/E P/E
Value Line derives 47% of electronic revenue from institutional accounts and
53% from retail subscribers. Institutional electronic revenue increased 23%, MHP 7,347 8,366 1.3x n/m 9x 9x
while retail revenue declined 7% in FY08. MORN 1,414 1,104 2.2x 5.5x 16x 15x
2
Represents y-y change in period-end deferred revenue (includes short-term
TRIN 14,881 22,186 2.0x n/m 10x 9x
and long-term deferred revenue liability).
TSCM 97 19 .3x 1.0x 29x 53x
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS VALU 328 204 2.5x 3.8x n/a n/a
• Value Line Investment Survey is premier service,
published weekly and covering 1,700 stocks. MAJOR HOLDERS
• Serves as investment adviser to 14 mutual funds CEO Buttner 87% (via Arnold Bernhard & Co.) │ Other
with AUM of $3.7 billion as of July 31. The largest insiders <1% │
distribution channel for the Value Line Funds are
fund supermarket platforms run by Charles Schwab, RATINGS
TD Ameritrade, and National City Bank. VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
• Earns high-margin fees from licensing trademarks MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
and proprietary information for use in products such FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
unit investment trusts, annuity trusts, managed MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
accounts, and ETFs. AUM of parties participating in EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
licensing programs was $5.5 billion as of July 31. MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
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Page 251 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
MAJOR HOLDERS
• Test equipment companies have ridden long-
term growth curve of semiconductor industry. CEO Barnes <1% │ Other insiders <1% │ Iridian 7% │
By detecting and sometimes repairing defects, test TCW 5% │ Clearbridge 5% │ Citadel 4%
equipment enables semi firms to improve yield.
RATINGS
• HP roots; scalable and flexible test solutions.
VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
Verigy’s technology can be traced back to HP and
MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
Agilent, from which Verigy separated in 2006. The
FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
test platforms are scalable across frequency ranges,
MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
pin counts and numbers of devices. This flexibility
EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
allows for a single test system to test a wide range
MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
of applications, providing Verigy with efficiencies
EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
such as lower R&D costs and inventory risk.
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Page 258 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
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Page 259 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
MAJOR HOLDERS
• Growing demand for data storage, driven by
CEO Coyne <1% │ Other insiders <1% │ AXA 12% │
applications such as digital photos, video and music.
Fidelity 6% │ LSV 5%
• Growing demand for disc drives, driven by a
proliferation of enterprise data, mobile computing, RATINGS
and consumer electronics. Desktop demand has VALUE Intrinsic value materially higher than market value?
moderated due to a shift toward mobile computing. MANAGEMENT Capable and properly incentivized?
• $1 billion Komag acquisition strengthens FINANCIAL STRENGTH Solid balance sheet?
Western’s competitive position against Seagate, MOAT Able to sustain high returns on invested capital?
which remains the hard disc drive industry leader. EARNINGS MOMENTUM Fundamentals improving?
Komag improves Western’s market share, MACRO Poised to benefit from economic and secular trends?
production efficiencies, and technology position. EXPLOSIVENESS 5%+ probability of 5x upside in one year?
• Disc drive industry consolidation, driven by high 1
Source: Western Digital 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 27, 2008.
capex requirements and scale advantages: Maxtor/
Quantum, 2001; IBM/ Hitachi their disc drive
businesses, 2002; Seagate/ Maxtor, 2006; TDK/
Alps, 2007; Western Digital/ Komag, 2007.
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Page 260 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Top 10 Stocks You’ve Never Heard Of Top 10 Foreign Companies Listed In U.S. or Canada
Companies that are unknown to most institutional investors Companies generating more than 50% of revenue outside the U.S.
Charles & Colvard, Belzberg Technology, Caldwell Belzberg Technologies, Brazil Fast Foods, Cresud,
Partners, Cimatron, Gravity, IDT, ITEX, McRae Cryptologic, Gravity, Indosat, Nippon Telephone,
Industries, Optimal Group, Strathmore Minerals Retail Holdings, SFK Pulp Fund, Sony
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Page 261 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Top 10 Ideas For Activist Value Investors Top 10 Ideas For Nano Cap Investors
Companies typically meeting criteria favored by activists, including lack of
Companies with market value of less than $100 million
insider control, discount to intrinsic value, and recent underperformance
BSQUARE, Cimatron, IDT, ITEX, New Frontier
Adaptec, InfoSpace, Ingram Micro, Premier
Media, Playboy, Premier Exhibitions, Servidyne,
Exhibitions, Sierra Wireless, Target, Tech Data,
Travelzoo, Tree.com
USA Mobility, Versant, Yahoo
Top 10 Ideas For Deep Value Investors Top 10 Ideas For Micro Cap Investors
Companies meeting criteria favored by deep value investors, such as low Companies with market value of $100 million to $500 million
price-to-book, price-to-earnings and enterprise value-to-revenue multiples Boyd Gaming, Cresud, Diamond Management,
AmeriCredit, Cresud, EchoStar, KHD, IDT, Natuzzi, Greenlight Re, Harvest Natural Resources, KHD,
Office Depot, Sears Holdings, Syneron, UTStarcom Lear, Natuzzi, Syneron, UTStarcom
Top 10 Ideas For Cash Flow Investors Top 10 Ideas For Small Cap Investors
Companies trading at low multiples of trailing and/or forward free cash flow, Companies with market value of $500 million to $2 billion
or as Berkowitz might say, “cash gushers” American Eagle, AmeriCredit, Contango Oil & Gas,
Contango Oil & Gas, DISH Network, EchoStar, Deckers Outdoor, EchoStar, Net 1 UEPS, Seagate,
ITEX, Microsoft Sotheby’s, Tempur-Pedic, Walter Industries
Top 10 Ideas For GARP Investors Top 10 Ideas For Mid Cap Investors
Companies meeting criteria favored by Growth-At-a-Reasonable-Price (GARP)
Companies with market value of $2 billion to $15 billion
investors, including good long-term growth prospects and high earnings yield
DISH Network, Forest Labs, Leap Wireless, Linear
American Eagle, Cadence Design, Garmin, MEMC
Technology, McGraw-Hill, MetroPCS, Sears
Electronic Materials, Microsoft, Monster, Net 1
Holdings, Sprint Nextel, TDK, Toll Brothers
UEPS, NVIDIA, Seagate, Varian
Top 10 Ideas For Special Situation Investors Top 10 Ideas For Large Cap Investors
Companies undergoing corporate change, with expected price performance
Companies with market value of more than $15 billion
driven by corporate events such as acquisitions, recaps or divestitures
American Express, Berkshire-Hathaway, Dell,
Ascent Media, Axcelis, Brink’s, Digimarc, Discovery,
Microsoft, Nippon Telephone, Pfizer, Sony, Target,
John Bean Technologies, KHD, Porsche stub (ex.
Wal-Mart, Wells Fargo
Volkswagen), Tree.com, Yahoo
“Show me a guy who’s afraid to look bad, and I’ll “Never attribute to malice that which can be
show you a guy you can beat every time.” adequately explained by stupidity.”
—Lou Brock —Unknown
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Page 262 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Servidyne (Nasdaq: SERV) Energy Demand Management & Real Estate (www.servidyne.com)
Price: $2.10 ($2.10-$6.19) P/E FYE 4/30/08: n/m Year ended 4/30/06 4/30/07 4/30/08 7/31/08
Market value: $8 million P/E FYE 4/30/09: n/a Revenue: 16 17 20 16
Enterprise value: $20 million P/E FYE 4/30/00: n/a GP: 7 7 8 6
Shares out: 3.7 million P/E FYE 4/30/01: n/a EBIT: (3) (4) (3) (3)
Institutional ownership: 15% EV / LTM revenue: 1.2x Net income: 1 1 1 (1)
Insider ownership: 25% EV / LTM EBIT: n/m Diluted EPS: (0.11) (0.31) (0.31) (0.62)
Insider buys/sales: 5/0 P / tangible book: 0.7x Capex: 1 0 1 1
FCF: (3) (1) (2) (5)
Business: Servidyne operates in two segments: Building Performance
Net cash: (13) (14) (12) (12)
Efficiency and Real Estate. BPE provides energy efficiency solutions
and sustainability programs to companies that own and operate ST assets: 13 10 18 14
buildings. Real Estate has engaged in real estate activities since 1960, ST liabilities: 5 5 4 3
including the acquisition, development, leasing, and sale of shopping Intangibles: 9 9 9 10
centers, office buildings and land in the Southeast and Midwest. The Book value: 21 22 23 22
company uses third-party property managers and leasing agents. Total assets: 52 57 52 50
ROIC: -10% -15% -10% -10%
Thesis: The company owns income-producing real estate worth $5+
per share net of debt, giving investors the BPE segment for free. BPE,
an attractive energy demand management business, could be worth $15
another $8-12 per share, based on 2-3x trailing revenue. BPE revenue
$10
grew 11% to $14 million in FY08. Comparable companies in the energy
demand management and demand reduction space trade as high as $5
five times revenue. Servidyne may have been overlooked by investors
due to its small size, illiquidity, family control, and the fact that the $0
company has posted losses on a GAAP basis. 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Ambassadors International (Nasdaq: AMIE) River & Ocean Cruising, Marina Construction (www.ambassadors.com)
Price: $1.25 ($0.23-$15.99) P/E FYE 12/31/07: n/m Year ended 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 9/30/08
Market value: $14 million P/E FYE 12/31/08: n/a Revenue: 27 144 287 299
Enterprise value: $129 million P/E FYE 12/31/09: n/a GP: 0 91 152 176
Shares out: 11.1 million P/E FYE 12/31/10: n/a EBIT: 0 1 (21) (11)
Institutional ownership: 42% EV / LTM revenue: 0.4x Net income: 3 6 (27) (41)
Insider ownership: 16% EV / LTM EBIT: n/m Diluted EPS: 0.30 0.49 (2.48) (2.73)
Insider buys/sales: 0/0 P / tangible book: 0.2x Capex: 0 3 23 13
FCF: 4 (4) (18) (25)
Business: Ambassadors International operates four businesses: 1)
Net cash: 95 (30) (143) (115)
Windstar Cruises, an international luxury cruise line with ~600
passenger berths; 2) Majestic America, a North American river cruising ST assets: 119 121 132 105
company with ~1,500 berths; 3) a global marina construction business; ST liabilities: 26 68 125 102
and 4) a small travel and event services (T&E) business. Intangibles: 10 13 20 21
Book value: 109 116 88 84
Thesis: Ambassadors has put money-losing Majestic on the block. A
Total assets: 135 256 377 309
sale would likely eliminate the company’s debt and leave it with up to
ROIC: n/m 2% -12% -5%
$40 million of net cash. Pro forma for a sale of Majestic, investors are
being paid to own the other three businesses. Ambassadors paid $100
million for Windstar in April 2007. Windstar earned EBIT of $10 million $60
in 2007 and $5 million YTD. The marina construction business
generated EBIT of $8 million in 2007 and $3 million YTD. T&E earned $40
EBIT of $1.5 million in 2007 and $3 million YTD. We value Windstar at
$40 million (4x 2007 EBIT), the marina business at $30 million (4x 2007 $20
EBIT), and T&E at $10 million (7x 2007 EBIT). Adding a pro forma net
$0
cash position of $40 million yields total equity value of $120 million, or
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
$11 per share. The key risk is that the company is unsuccessful in
selling Majestic, resulting in severe financial distress.
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Page 264 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Mace Security International (Nasdaq: MACE) Personal and Enterprise Security Products (www.mace.com)
Price: $0.93 ($0.65-$2.08) P/E FYE 12/31/07: n/m Year ended 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 9/30/08
Market value: $15 million P/E FYE 12/31/08: n/a Revenue: 46 43 47 51
Enterprise value: $7 million P/E FYE 12/31/00: n/a GP: 12 10 11 15
Shares out: 16.5 million P/E FYE 12/31/10: n/a EBIT: (3) (8) (10) (11)
Institutional ownership: 8% EV / LTM revenue: 0.1x Net income: (5) (7) (7) 1
Insider ownership: 0% EV / LTM EBIT: n/m Diluted EPS: (0.37) (0.53) (0.59) (0.59)
Insider buys/sales: 0/0 P / tangible book: 0.4x Capex: 1 1 1 1
FCF: 1 (4) (10) (10)
Business: Mace operates in three segments: security, digital media
Net cash: (15) (7) 3 8
marketing and car washes. The security segment provides surveillance
products and Mace defense sprays. Digital media marketing was ST assets: 25 45 33 34
acquired in 2007 under the former CEO. New management may sell or ST liabilities: 10 18 15 12
discontinue the segment over time, as it has little synergy with the Intangibles: 6 5 14 12
security business. The car wash segment is in the process of being Book value: 62 57 54 52
liquidated, and most of the associated real estate has been sold. Total assets: 96 88 75 66
ROIC: -5% -13% -21% -29%
Thesis: Mace had $8 million of net cash, and car washes held for sale
with a book value of $5 million, at the end of Q3. Past car wash sales
have mosty occurred at prices above book value. The pro forma net $30
cash position of $13 million gives investors the security and digital
$20
media businesses for only $2 million. We value the security business at
$20 million, or ~1x revenue, while we assign zero value to the digital $10
media business, resulting in total estimated equity value of $33 million,
or $2 per share. Mace shares have languished for quite some time as a $0
result of value destruction by former CEO Lou Paolino. However, with 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Paolino’s firing in May 2008, Mace appears poised to unlock value.
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Page 268 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Tree.com (Nasdaq: TREE) Online Real Estate Services and Lending Marketplace (www.lendingtree.com)
Price: $2.19 ($1.96-$11.10) P/E FYE 12/31/07: n/m Year ended 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 9/30/08
Market value: $21 million P/E FYE 12/31/08: n/m Revenue: 421 477 346 231
Enterprise value: -$5 million P/E FYE 12/31/09: n/m GP: 355 403 273 167
Shares out: 9.4 million P/E FYE 12/31/10: n/a EBIT: 19 14 (540) (717)
Institutional ownership: 11% EV / LTM revenue: n/m Net income: 6 9 (550) (727)
Insider ownership: 1% EV / LTM EBIT: n/m Diluted EPS: 0.63 0.93 (59.01) (78.49)
Insider buys/sales: 10/0 P / tangible book: 0.3x Capex: 18 13 9 5
FCF: (100) 62 224 21
Business: Tree.com operates two businesses: The lending business
Net cash: 0 (270) (54) 26
consists of LendingTree.com, GetSmart.com, and call centers, which
match consumers with lenders and loan brokers. The segment also ST assets: 0 505 173 187
originates and funds home loans. The real estate business consists of ST liabilities: 0 426 189 113
a residential real estate brokerage that operates a website and offices Intangibles: 0 725 249 75
in 14 markets under the brand RealEstate.com, REALTORS. Book value: 0 774 215 142
Total assets: 0 1,261 444 280
Thesis: Tree may be worth $200 million, or $21 per share, based on
ROIC: n/m 8% -258% -2157%
an EV multiple of one times run-rate revenue. The company has $98
million of net cash ($41 million if warehouse lines are netted against
cash rather than loans held for sale) – we value the cash at zero, as we
assume it may be needed in the current downturn. Tree’s primary $15
assets, LendingTree.com and RealEstate.com, operate non capital-
$10
intensive businesses with attractive long-term prospects and name
recognition. Tree was spun off from IAC/InterActiveCorp in August as $5
part of a series of transactions involving several entities. Tree, due to
its small size and participation in real estate and consumer lending, $0
may have seen selling pressure from IAC/InterActiveCorp holders, 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08
while finding few incremental buyers. Among the buyers, however,
have been Tree CEO Doug Lebda and CFO Matthew Packey.
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Page 269 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Harvest Natural Resources (NYSE: HNR) Oil & Gas Operations (www.harvestnr.com)
Price: $6.66 ($5.81-$13.43) P/E FYE 12/31/07: 4.4x Year ended 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 9/30/08
Market value: $219 million P/E FYE 12/31/08: 17.5x Revenue: 237 60 11 11
Enterprise value: $101 million P/E FYE 12/31/09: 9.1x GP: 197 50 0 0
Shares out: 32.9 million P/E FYE 12/31/10: n/a EBIT: 105 1 (20) (27)
Institutional ownership: 80% EV / LTM revenue: 9.0x Net income: 39 (63) 57 60
Insider ownership: 2% EV / LTM EBIT: n/m Diluted EPS: 1.01 (1.68) 1.51 1.57
Insider buys/sales: 8/0 P / tangible book: 0.8x Capex: 16 2 1 18
FCF: 99 (26) (21) 21
Business: Harvest operates oil and natural gas properties in
Net cash: 158 43 112 118
Venezuela and owns exploration properties worldwide.
ST assets: 240 200 154 134
Thesis: Harvest remains an orphaned stock due to investors’ fear of ST liabilities: 62 82 43 16
owning assets in Chavez-ruled Venezuela. While the political risk is Intangibles: 0 0 0 0
real, much of it has played out. Venezuela has nationalized the oil and Book value: 298 281 314 286
gas industry, forcing foreign companies to enter into JVs majority-
Total assets: 401 468 414 363
owned by state oil company PDVSA. As such, Harvest is essentially a
ROIC: 55% 1% -278% -233%
service provider to the Venezuelan government. Instead of being paid
by the hour or per project, however, Harvest makes money via minority
ownership in the fields it operates. It trades at an EV of less than $3 $20
per barrel of proved reserves and less than $1 per barrel of 3P $15
reserves (assumes zero value for global exploration projects). Despite $10
the political risk, Venezuelan oil and gas assets changed hands in the
past year at 4-5x Harvest’s valuation. In addition, FCF growth should $5
accelerate as Harvest boosts production. The company has $0
repurchased $29 million of stock YTD. We value the business, 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
exploration assets and net cash at $800 million or $24 per share.
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Page 270 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
“Signal value” as opposed to “noise.” We present the MOI Signal Rank answers the question, “What are this
holdings of some of the world’s top investors. We look for investor’s top ten ideas right now?” Rather than simply
investors who have amassed impressive track records over presenting each investor’s largest holdings as of the recently
long periods of time. We choose these investors carefully filed quarter end, the MOI’s proprietary methodology ranks
to avoid the noise inherent in most 13F-HR filings. the companies in each investor’s portfolio based on the
investor’s current level of conviction in each holding, as
Top investors included in this section: judged by the MOI.
• William Ackman, Pershing Square Our proprietary methodology takes into account
• Bruce Berkowitz, Fairholme a number of variables, including the size of a position in an
• Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway investor’s portfolio, the size of a position relative to the
• Ian Cumming & Joe Steinberg, Leucadia market value of the corresponding company, the most recent
quarterly change in the number of shares owned, and the
• David Einhorn, Greenlight
change in the stock price of a position since the most recent
• Glenn Greenberg, Chieftain
quarterly filing date.
• Mason Hawkins, Southeastern
For example, an investor might have the most
• Chris Hohn, Children’s Investment Fund
conviction in a position that is only the tenth-largest
• Carl Icahn, Icahn
position in such investor’s portfolio. This might be the case
• Seth Klarman, Baupost
if an investor invests in a small company, resulting in a
• Eddie Lampert, ESL holding that is simply too small to rank highly based on size
• Warren Lichtenstein, Steel Partners alone. On the other hand, such a holding might represent
• Dan Loeb, Third Point 19.9% of the shares outstanding of the subject company,
• Steve Mandel, Lone Pine suggesting a high level of conviction. Our estimate of the
• Mohnish Pabrai, Pabrai Funds conviction level would rise further if the subject company
• Rich Pzena, Pzena Investment has a 20% poison-pill threshold, thereby suggesting that the
investor has bought as much of the subject company as is
• Prem Watsa, Fairfax
practically feasible.
• Marty Whitman, Third Avenue
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Page 271 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Portfolio with Signal Value: Ian Cumming & Joe Steinberg (Leucadia)
MOI Market Price ($) Shares Owned Holdings
Signal Value Latest Filing ∆ Since Latest ∆ Since as % of
Rank Company Ticker ($mn) Date Date Filing Filing 6/30/08 Co. Fund
1 AmeriCredit ACF 647 5.56 10.13 -45% 32,715,440 +8% 28% 22%
2 International Assets IAAC 85 9.88 24.11 -59% 1,384,985 no change 16% 2%
3 Cresud CRESY 254 5.90 10.50 -44% 3,364,174 no change 7% 2%
4 Jefferies JEF 2,109 12.90 22.40 -42% 48,585,385 no change 30% 73%
5 Capital Southwest CSWC 331 88.52 142.05 -38% 19,776 no change 1% 0%
6 Kewaunee Scientific KEQU 23 9.06 11.10 -18% 44,137 new position 2% 0%
7 Georesources GEOI 129 7.94 11.46 -31% 194,605 +48% 1% 0%
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Page 276 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
CONTRARIAN
“Shunned by the market, but not by insiders” Companies close to 52-week lows, with consistent insider buying
“Biggest losers” Companies whose stock prices have declined most over 1+ years
“Biggest losers (deleveraged)” Companies with no net debt and large stock price decline over 1+ years
“Biggest losers (deleveraged, likely profitable)” Companies with no net debt, positive next FY EPS, and large price drop
“Lots of revenue, but little enterprise value” Companies that trade at low multiples of net revenue
“Neglected gross profiteers” Companies that trade at low multiples of gross profit
DEEP VALUE
“Companies with strong, liquid balance sheets” Companies with at least 50% of market value in net cash
ACTIVIST TARGETS
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Page 281 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Contrarian #5: Lots of Revenue, But Market Says Enterprise Has Little Value
Screening criteria: ► Enterprise value to trailing revenue less than 0.5x ► Market value does not exceed revenue ► Market value more
than $500 million │ Sorted by: Enterprise value to revenue
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Page 285 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Net Net
Current Net
P/ Assets Cash EV/ P/E
Price MV EV Tang. as % as % LTM Next
Company Ticker ($) ($mn) ($mn) Book of MV of MV Rev. FY
1 Ingram Micro Inc. IM 11.73 1,934 1,584 .7x 122% 18% .0x 9x
2 Foot Locker, Inc. FL 11.22 1,739 1,433 .9x 62% 18% .3x 12x
3 HLTH Corporation HLTH 8.21 1,524 509 1.6x 56% 67% 1.2x na
4 Tellabs, Inc. TLAB 3.68 1,465 298 .9x 86% 80% .2x 19x
5 Novellus Systems, Inc. NVLS 12.18 1,190 865 1.0x 55% 27% .7x 406x
6 Tech Data Corporation TECD 19.46 983 936 .5x 167% 5% .0x 7x
7 Benchmark Electronics, Inc. BHE 10.97 714 385 .7x 108% 46% .1x 10x
8 MKS Instruments, Inc. MKSI 13.99 688 449 1.3x 63% 35% .6x 35x
9 FormFactor, Inc. FORM 13.63 669 133 .9x 87% 80% .5x nm
10 Cymer, Inc. CYMI 21.86 647 528 1.3x 50% 18% 1.1x 21x
11 Verigy Ltd. VRGY 10.96 646 261 1.2x 52% 60% .3x 22x
12 Emulex Corporation ELX 7.22 593 299 1.5x 52% 50% .6x 8x
13 Plantronics, Inc. PLT 11.96 584 384 1.2x 58% 34% .4x 8x
14 Coherent, Inc. COHR 23.47 557 339 .9x 54% 39% .6x 15x
15 Cabot Microelectronics Corpo CCMP 23.34 543 320 1.3x 53% 41% .9x 13x
16 Analogic Corporation ALOG 39.16 527 340 1.4x 53% 35% .8x 12x
17 JAKKS Pacific, Inc. JAKK 18.98 522 428 1.5x 53% 18% .5x 6x
18 OM Group, Inc. OMG 16.10 491 372 .6x 101% 24% .2x 4x
19 Harmonic Inc. HLIT 4.83 459 166 1.3x 66% 64% .5x 8x
20 Imation Corp. IMN 11.38 429 316 .7x 99% 26% .1x 16x
21 Fred's, Inc. FRED 9.89 395 391 1.0x 58% 1% .2x 13x
22 TriQuint Semiconductor TQNT 2.69 392 312 .8x 51% 20% .6x 6x
23 Ameron International Corpora AMN 41.72 383 296 .8x 55% 23% .4x 7x
24 Sonus Networks, Inc. SONS 1.40 381 64 .8x 81% 83% .2x nm
25 Finish Line, Inc., The FINL 6.70 368 303 .9x 50% 18% .2x 9x
26 Park Electrochemical Corp. PKE 17.58 360 144 1.3x 60% 60% .6x 11x
27 Adaptec, Inc. ADPT 2.91 355 -15 .9x 103% 104% nm 73x
28 Chico's FAS, Inc. CHS 1.99 351 74 .4x 51% 79% .0x 20x
29 NetGear, Inc. NTGR 9.90 349 147 1.0x 92% 58% .2x 9x
30 Ixia XXIA 5.31 338 163 1.3x 53% 52% .9x 16x
31 OmniVision Technologies, Inc OVTI 6.56 336 96 .7x 86% 71% .1x 7x
32 Zoran Corporation ZRAN 6.42 329 24 .7x 103% 93% .0x nm
33 Ultratech, Inc. UTEK 12.95 304 153 1.6x 57% 50% 1.2x 21x
34 Geron Corporation GERN 3.70 293 120 1.6x 58% 59% 17.3x nm
35 Superior Industries Internat SUP 10.81 288 288 .5x 61% 0% .3x nm
36 L.B. Foster Company FSTR 27.46 282 199 1.3x 62% 29% .4x 11x
37 Methode Electronics Inc. MEI 7.23 278 167 1.0x 61% 40% .3x 11x
38 Applied Micro Circuits Corpo AMCC 4.25 277 81 1.0x 80% 71% .3x 7x
39 Cohu, Inc. COHU 11.84 275 104 1.0x 84% 62% .5x 85x
40 THQ Inc. THQI 3.98 267 104 .7x 84% 61% .1x 8x
41 Exar Corporation EXAR 6.12 263 17 .9x 91% 93% .1x 28x
42 Silicon Storage Technology, SSTI 2.74 262 151 .9x 61% 42% .4x nm
43 eHealth, Inc. EHTH 10.27 258 114 1.7x 54% 56% 1.1x 17x
44 RTI International Metals, In RTI 11.01 253 206 .5x 120% 19% .3x 5x
45 InfoSpace, Inc. INSP 7.32 253 61 1.1x 70% 76% .4x 35x
46 Silicon Image, Inc. SIMG 3.37 250 49 1.2x 67% 80% .2x 13x
47 Sierra Wireless, Inc. (USA) SWIR 7.88 244 42 .9x 92% 83% .1x na
48 Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. RIGL 6.55 240 82 1.8x 52% 66% 10.2x nm
49 Brooks Automation, Inc.(USA) BRKS 3.66 233 89 .6x 93% 62% .2x nm
50 Sigma Designs, Inc. SIGM 8.79 232 111 .9x 82% 52% .4x 5x
[MOI04 ● MOI – 1,2,4,5,6 ● MOID]
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Page 286 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Greenblatt’s “Magic Formula” #1: Good Businesses at Good Prices (Based on LTM Numbers)
Screening criteria: ► Market value more than $100 million ► ADRs and banks excluded │ Sorted by: Equal-weighted average of two
rankings: (1) LTM return on capital employed (“good business”), and (2) LTM EBIT-to-EV yield (“good price”)
LTM Insiders
to EBIT/
Price 52-Wk MV EV EBIT/ Capital Tax # #
Company Ticker ($) High ($mn) ($mn) EV Empl. Rate Buys Sells
1 KBR, Inc. KBR 13.11 239% 2,118 1,008 47% 5875% 38% 1 3
2 Primoris Services Corp PRIM 5.66 53% 172 123 38% 10311% 3% - -
3 Automatic Data Processing ADP 35.12 35% 17,837 1,561 173% 448% 36% - 21
4 Heidrick & Struggles Interna HSII 21.24 79% 347 164 42% 1559% 43% - 1
5 Airvana, Inc. AIRV 4.77 49% 305 68 161% 264% 14% - 40
6 McDermott International MDR 7.80 761% 1,778 952 65% 241% 22% 2 11
7 EarthLink, Inc. ELNK 6.36 60% 689 501 42% 305% 10% - 32
8 CTC Media, Inc. CTCM 4.45 613% 677 747 35% 290% 29% - -
9 Perini Corporation PCR 14.42 305% 726 387 43% 223% 38% 7 -
10 VAALCO Energy, Inc. EGY 4.39 105% 256 157 79% 164% 63% 1 -
11 HLTH Corporation HLTH 8.21 71% 1,524 509 97% 131% 3% - 1
12 Ituran Location and Control ITRN 7.00 97% 164 117 64% 145% 30% - -
13 Herbalife Ltd. HLF 17.56 191% 1,121 1,298 28% 342% 30% 5 5
14 L.B. Foster Company FSTR 27.46 118% 282 199 84% 123% 36% 1 1
15 Terra Industries Inc. TRA 16.30 254% 1,665 1,535 48% 138% 34% 1 11
16 CNA Surety Corporation SUR 13.91 65% 614 636 23% 1268% 30% 1 -
17 Hackett Group, Inc., The HCKT 2.57 159% 102 76 25% 406% 2% - -
18 Energen Corporation EGN 28.40 180% 2,037 2,609 22% 3563% 37% - -
19 Administaff, Inc. ASF 16.18 110% 410 221 31% 162% 36% - 24
20 CF Industries Holdings, Inc. CF 54.97 215% 3,126 1,978 52% 97% 36% 5 17
21 Waddell & Reed Financial, In WDR 11.21 266% 951 889 24% 258% 37% 1 6
22 MEMC Electronic Materials, I WFR 15.34 526% 3,443 2,354 40% 110% 27% 1 -
23 EMCOR Group, Inc. EME 13.80 161% 904 763 38% 111% 39% - 10
24 Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P. TNH 99.48 72% 1,859 1,786 21% 604% nm - -
25 China Sky One Medical, Inc. CSKI 10.09 69% 165 114 28% 139% 20% - -
26 Net 1 Ueps Technologies In UEPS 10.97 203% 641 509 22% 327% 29% - 2
27 Cherokee Inc. CHKE 15.52 138% 138 122 20% 1272% 40% 4 3
28 Solutia Inc. SOA 6.88 216% 649 2,015 74% 81% 17% 19 -
29 Pacer International, Inc. PACR 10.27 145% 359 395 28% 136% 36% 1 9
30 Bare Escentuals, Inc. BARE 4.45 572% 407 629 29% 126% 39% 1 -
31 Wright Express Corporation WXS 13.03 214% 505 669 33% 108% 33% 5 3
32 Affiliated Managers Group, I AMG 29.93 343% 1,229 2,246 22% 291% 22% - -
33 Korn/Ferry International KFY 11.61 79% 553 344 26% 145% 36% 1 -
34 Take-Two Interactive Softwar TTWO 10.76 160% 835 496 27% 131% 18% - -
35 China-Biotics Inc. CHBT 7.99 78% 137 94 20% 613% 22% - -
36 OpenTV Corp. OPTV 1.07 97% 149 53 27% 129% 1% - -
37 Sigma Designs, Inc. SIGM 8.79 730% 232 111 56% 78% nm 2 -
38 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. GTE 2.17 305% 251 194 32% 99% 35% 3 -
39 National Financial Partners NFP 2.92 1556% 116 370 27% 118% 52% 2 -
40 World Acceptance Corp. WRLD 17.07 169% 277 525 19% 782% 39% - 4
41 Humana Inc. HUM 30.63 188% 5,168 1,568 74% 69% 34% 1 1
42 Legg Mason, Inc. LM 15.65 411% 2,201 2,776 33% 88% nm 1 4
43 Guess?, Inc. GES 13.97 247% 1,315 1,079 33% 88% 38% - 14
44 Manitowoc Company, Inc. MTW 6.92 644% 902 974 60% 70% 26% - 3
45 Comfort Systems USA, Inc. FIX 7.10 123% 280 193 37% 83% 38% 4 17
46 Darling International Inc. DAR 4.57 283% 374 371 37% 83% 38% - 17
47 Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. CALM 21.55 126% 513 551 39% 78% 35% - 16
48 Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc PPD 35.92 60% 417 449 22% 188% 43% - 12
49 Coach, Inc. COH 16.20 136% 5,296 4,889 23% 160% 34% 5 1
50 AmSurg Corp. AMSG 21.79 37% 685 854 24% 130% 39% - 18
[MOI07 ● Expanded Greenblatt View ● MOIG]
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Page 287 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Greenblatt’s “Magic Formula” #2: Good Businesses at Good Prices (Based on This FY Ests)
Screening criteria: ► Market value more than $100 million ► ADRs and banks excluded │ Sorted by: Equal-weighted average of two
rankings: (1) This FY estimated return on tangible equity (“good business”), and (2) This FY estimated earnings yield (“good price”)
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Page 288 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Greenblatt’s “Magic Formula” #3: Good Businesses at Good Prices (Based on Next FY Ests)
Screening criteria: ► Market value more than $100 million ► ADRs and banks excluded │ Sorted by: Equal-weighted average of two
rankings: (1) Next FY estimated return on tangible equity (“good business”), and (2) Next FY estimated earnings yield (“good price”)
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Page 289 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Greenblatt’s “Magic Formula” #4: Good Businesses at Good Prices (Based on 2112 EPS Ests)
Screening criteria: ► Market value more than $100 million ► ADRs and banks excluded │ Sorted by: Equal-weighted average of two
rankings: (1) Next FY estimated return on tangible equity (“good business”), and (2) Next FY estimated earnings yield (“good price”)
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Page 290 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Industry Browsers: Overview of Trading Multiples and EPS Growth Estimates 4,5
P/E EPS Growth Ests
Total Top P/ EV/ EV/ Last This Next This Next
# MV Co. Tang. LTM LTM FY FY FY FY FY 5-Yr
Cos ($bn) ($bn) Book Rev. EBIT Act. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est.
Basic Materials
Chemical Manufacturing 50 161 41 2.5x .7x 8x 13x 9x 8x 24% 10% 12%
Plastics and Rubbers 10 67 25 1.4x 1.0x 11x 10x 9x 9x 11% 1% 8%
Containers and Packaging 16 32 3 2.6x .8x 9x 11x 11x 10x 9% 8% 11%
Fabricated Products 24 33 8 1.6x .5x 5x 8x 7x 7x -6% -2% 13%
Paper Products 15 38 24 1.0x .7x 11x 9x 8x 8x 2% 8% 6%
Wood Products 4 10 7 1.0x .7x 39x 16x 37x 28x -40% 22% 8%
Metal Mining 15 251 91 1.2x .7x 4x 4x 6x 7x -13% -17% 11%
Gold and Silver 12 53 25 1.3x 2.7x 27x 7x 11x 8x 40% 32% 10%
Iron and Steel 16 87 30 1.0x .4x 3x 5x 4x 4x 36% -15% 9%
Capital Goods
Aerospace and Defense 33 147 30 3.4x .7x 6x 10x 8x 7x 19% 11% 14%
Machinery 14 52 22 1.8x .8x 7x 9x 7x 6x 24% 5% 12%
Construction Supplies 20 33 13 1.3x .5x 7x 8x 8x 9x 6% 10% 14%
Construction Materials 7 12 4 1.6x 1.0x 10x 9x 17x 16x -37% 5% 13%
Construction Services 42 65 12 1.4x .5x 5x 11x 8x 7x 20% 8% 12%
Miscellaneous Goods 47 90 16 2.5x .7x 7x 9x 9x 9x 10% -2% 13%
Mobile Homes and RVs 3 1 1 1.7x .3x 14x 29x 44x 17x -58% 39% 14%
Conglomerates
All Conglomerates 15 397 168 5.2x .9x 8x 9x 9x 10x 0% 0% 13%
Consumer Cyclical
Apparel 19 23 5 2.2x .7x 7x 9x 7x 7x 11% 6% 17%
Appliances 9 14 3 4.2x .8x 9x 10x 8x 9x -6% 0% 11%
Audio and Video 6 53 30 1.0x .3x 7x 10x 12x 11x -8% 26% 12%
Automotive 14 206 100 .9x .4x 8x 5x 5x 7x -20% -3% 11%
Auto Parts 19 17 6 1.5x .4x 7x 8x 8x 9x -9% -5% 12%
Footwear 10 27 23 1.2x .4x 7x 11x 10x 9x 4% 12% 15%
Furniture 14 11 3 1.4x .5x 7x 7x 11x 10x -26% -3% 11%
Recreational Products 16 19 5 1.6x .6x 8x 10x 10x 9x -6% 9% 10%
Consumer Non-Cyclical
Beverages (alcoholic) 9 127 50 3.7x 2.0x 16x 16x 14x 12x 27% 10% 11%
Beverages (non-alcoholic) 14 240 104 4.4x 1.2x 8x 14x 11x 10x 10% 7% 9%
Crops 6 18 16 1.2x .5x 10x 11x 8x 7x -2% 10% 13%
Food Processing 46 315 65 2.6x .9x 13x 16x 14x 13x 19% 13% 10%
Household Products 21 274 188 4.6x 1.0x 10x 17x 12x 12x 19% 12% 12%
Tobacco 7 195 78 22.9x 1.9x 8x 13x 12x 11x 11% 8% 9%
Energy
Coal 17 28 7 2.5x 1.0x 9x 14x 8x 4x 101% 96% 25%
Oil and Gas (integrated) 24 1,394 375 1.2x .6x 4x 7x 5x 6x 23% -11% 6%
Oil and Gas (operations) 103 404 39 1.2x 2.1x 7x 13x 7x 8x 67% -7% 11%
Oil Well Services 74 231 58 1.3x 1.0x 6x 7x 6x 6x 18% 6% 12%
Financial
Consumer Finance 29 107 46 1.1x 2.7x 11x 9x 8x 8x 1% 11% 13%
Insurance (health) 20 102 24 1.4x .3x 6x 6x 7x 6x 9% 7% 12%
Insurance (life) 19 185 78 .7x .7x 8x 5x 5x 4x -17% 11% 10%
Insurance (property) 75 386 156 1.0x 1.1x 8x 7x 9x 7x -25% 11% 10%
Insurance (other) 12 58 22 1.6x 1.3x 11x 15x 15x 12x -1% 13% 13%
Investment Services 58 255 33 1.7x 1.8x 6x 10x 10x 9x -2% 4% 14%
Other Financial Services 27 14 2 .7x 4.5x 9x 10x 6x 6x 21% -2% 12%
Money Center Banks 25 767 129 1.8x 2.7x 5x 8x 9x 8x -7% 3% 10%
Regional Banks 175 354 33 1.6x 3.0x 6x 11x 14x 13x -17% 8% 8%
S&Ls and Savings Banks 33 41 9 1.7x 3.6x 9x 29x 19x 17x 9% 14% 10%
4
Ratios and earnings growth estimates represent industry medians.
5
Analysis includes firms with at least $100 million in market value and at least one analyst estimate of this year’s and next year’s EPS.
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Page 291 of 401 Thanksgiving 2008
Industry Browsers: Overview of Trading Multiples and EPS Growth Estimates (continued)
P/E EPS Growth Ests
Total Top P/ EV/ EV/ Last This Next This Next
# MV Co. Tang. LTM LTM FY FY FY FY FY 5-Yr
Cos ($bn) ($bn) Book Rev. EBIT Act. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est.
Healthcare
Biotechnology 163 583 86 3.9x 3.3x 13x 19x 15x 14x 21% 16% 18%
Facilities 45 62 13 2.4x 1.2x 9x 16x 15x 13x 20% 13% 14%
Major Pharma 12 857 167 4.8x 2.3x 11x 16x 10x 9x 32% 6% 7%
Medical Equipment 90 254 42 4.0x 1.9x 13x 21x 17x 15x 21% 17% 18%
Services
Advertising 11 21 8 1.9x .8x 7x 8x 9x 7x 9% 9% 14%
Cable and Broadcasting 32 224 45 1.9x 1.8x 12x 11x 11x 9x 8% 2% 12%
Business Services 101 274 108 2.6x .9x 8x 11x 11x 11x 6% 10% 15%
Casinos and Gaming 18 21 4 1.3x 1.5x 9x 9x 11x 11x -9% -2% 15%
Communications Services 96 1,085 175 2.1x 1.7x 9x 11x 10x 10x 14% 8% 12%
Hotels and Motels 13 16 5 .6x 1.8x 12x 7x 8x 11x -5% -10% 11%
Motion Pictures 7 6 2 2.4x 1.3x 11x 14x 14x 13x -18% 20% 10%
Personal Services 14 19 6 3.5x 1.4x 8x 9x 9x 9x 9% 5% 11%
Publishing 20 71 19 2.9x .8x 9x 9x 9x 7x -9% 5% 10%
Real Estate Operations 104 150 12 1.0x 7.3x 22x 15x 14x 16x 6% -9% 6%
Recreational Activities 12 25 16 1.6x 1.3x 9x 12x 8x 9x 5% 9% 12%
Rental and Leasing 16 10 2 1.1x 1.6x 8x 9x 6x 6x 5% -3% 11%
Restaurants 29 97 63 2.1x .6x 10x 13x 11x 9x 10% 11% 14%
Retail (apparel) 39 47 9 1.3x .3x 4x 8x 9x 9x -9% 8% 13%
Retail (online) 8 4 2 1.6x .3x 7x 11x 15x 13x -7% -4% 23%
Retail (discount and dep't) 9 257 207 1.2x .5x 8x 9x 10x 10x -33% 2% 12%
Retail (drugs) 10 104 42 2.0x .4x 12x 21x 15x 15x 28% 16% 17%
Retail (grocery) 18 63 18 2.2x .3x 10x 15x 15x 12x 4% 13% 13%
Retail (home improvement) 5 69 35 2.1x .6x 8x 12x 13x 12x -10% 5% 12%
Retail (specialty non-apparel) 48 115 21 1.7x .4x 9x 11x 11x 10x 7% 9% 13%
Retail (technology) 4 14 9 3.0x .3x 4x 6x 7x 7x -3% 1% 13%
Schools 17 29 11 6.7x 2.2x 21x 27x 25x 20x 24% 26% 22%
Security 5 2 1 2.5x .9x 5x 7x 9x 7x 6% 29% 21%
Waste Management 11 36 15 4.2x 1.7x 11x 17x 21x 15x 14% 15% 16%
Technology
Comms Equipment 51 242 63 1.4x .6x 8x 12x 12x 10x 13% 11% 14%
Hardware 12 184 80 1.9x .5x 7x 11x 10x 12x 21% 8% 14%
Networks 18 16 4 3.3x .9x 12x 15x 11x 11x 27% 18% 15%
Services 74 196 98 3.5x 1.7x 10x 17x 13x 12x 32% 15% 19%
Data Storage 10 33 20 1.0x .6x 8x 5x 6x 6x -21% 5% 12%
Peripherals 13 142 98 1.7x .7x 6x 8x 10x 10x -16% 9% 13%
Office Equipment 4 13 6 2.2x .9x 15x 14x 9x 7x 69% 3% 14%
Electronic Instruments 66 121 25 1.5x .6x 7x 9x 9x 9x 7% 9% 14%
Scientific Instruments 45 88 17 2.9x 1.4x 11x 15x 14x 12x 18% 12% 16%
Semiconductors 115 296 74 1.4x .9x 8x 11x 11x 11x 5% 4% 17%
Software 120 492 178 3.1x 1.3x 10x 17x 13x 11x 36% 14% 17%
Transportation
Air Couriers 2 73 53 4.2x .9x 101x 83x 14x 13x 465% 7% 12%
Airlines 21 35 8 1.3x .5x 11x 6x 10x 6x -104% 49% 16%
Railroads 10 96 29 1.9x 2.0x 9x 14x 12x 11x 22% 15% 14%
Trucking 16 14 3 1.7x .5x 10x 16x 15x 14x 3% 8% 12%
Shipping 31 17 2 .8x 3.1x 7x 5x 4x 5x 25% -12% 10%
Miscellaneous 18 25 9 2.2x 1.0x 10x 10x 8x 9x 13% 3% 14%
Utilities
Electric 68 435 33 1.5x 1.8x 12x 11x 12x 11x 6% 8% 9%
Natural Gas 44 97 13 1.6x 1.4x 11x 12x 11x 11x 3% 5% 8%
Water 14 22 11 1.8x 3.3x 15x 20x 20x 17x 2% 14% 8%
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The Manual of Ideas augments your existing idea generation process four times a
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Conglomerates – Valuation
(Sorted by market value) P/E
Move to EV/ EV/ Last This Next P/
Price 52-Wk MV EV LTM LTM FY FY FY Tang.
Company / Ticker ($) Low High ($mn) ($mn) Rev. EBIT Act. Est. Est. Book
General Electric Com / GE 16.02 -9% 141% 168,144 700,506 3.8x 28x 7x 8x 9x 12.3x
United Technologies / UTX 50.23 -14% 58% 47,750 54,507 .9x 7x 12x 10x 10x 31.3x
Siemens AG (ADR) / SI 53.60 -18% 199% 47,003 52,151 .6x 8x 17x 9x 7x 3.1x
3M Company / MMM 63.06 -21% 41% 43,698 47,767 1.8x 8x 11x 12x 12x 8.1x
Emerson Electric Co. / EMR 33.40 -12% 77% 25,917 28,658 1.2x 8x 11x 11x 11x 10.2x
Raytheon Company / RTN 47.91 -13% 41% 19,838 19,350 .8x 7x 13x 12x 10x 19.1x
Koninklijke Philips / PHG 17.12 -9% 159% 16,202 18,117 .5x 11x 3x 8x 9x 2.0x
Tyco International L / TYC 20.50 -8% 134% 9,734 12,479 .6x 6x 9x 7x 6x 7.3x
Dover Corporation / DOV 29.21 -14% 87% 5,432 6,906 .9x 7x 9x 8x 9x nm
Fortune Brands, Inc. / FO 36.07 -11% 124% 5,407 10,037 1.2x 13x 8x 9x 10x nm
Textron Inc. / TXT 14.73 -32% 405% 3,551 13,130 .9x 7x 4x 4x 4x 2.4x
Alleghany Corporatio / Y 231.00 -9% 82% 1,911 2,180 1.8x 9x 7x 19x 13x .9x
Tomkins plc (ADR) / TKS 5.99 -2% 177% 1,319 2,027 .3x 6x 7x 6x 9x 1.0x
Temple-Inland, Inc. / TIN 4.41 -11% 537% 470 3,753 1.0x 2x x 88x 28x 1.3x
Federal Signal Corpo / FSS 6.84 -7% 156% 324 542 .5x 9x 11x 9x 10x nm
Average (equal-weighted) 1.1x 9x 9x 15x 10x 8.2x
Average (market value-weighted) 2.2x 16x 10x 9x 9x 12.2x
Median .9x 8x 9x 9x 10x 5.2x
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TIMELY IDEAS AND OPINION ALL-TIME FAVORITE IDEAS AND INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
Business Leaders:
• Bill Gates and Steve Jobs: 33
• Steve Wynn: 23, 36
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Other
Hectare. Metric unit of area equal to 10,000 square
meters or 2.47105381 acres.
MRO. Maintenance, repair and operations.
NDA. New drug application.
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About the MOI securities referred to in this newsletter will fluctuate. Past
performance is not a guide to future performance, future
returns are not guaranteed, and a loss of all of the original
capital invested in a security discussed in this newsletter
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